用质子磁力仪测定岩(矿)石标本磁参数时应注意的问题

岩(矿)石标本磁参数测定结果的精确性直接影响磁异常反演精度,对正确推断地质结论具有特别重要的意义。在进行高精度磁测磁参数测定过程中,发现利用质子磁力仪测定岩(矿)石标本磁参数时,按过去介绍的方法测定、计算的磁化率、剩余磁化强度普遍比实际值偏大一到十几倍,在分析和确定引起误差的原因后,提出了改进的方法,即要用岩(矿)石标本所产生的磁感应强度代替其梯度进行磁参数的计算而不能用其梯度值来求磁参数。并应注意如避开探头中级化场对标本磁化的影响,用第一位置测定以减少位置不准所产生的计算误差等问题。将改进方法用于后续研究的岩(矿)石标本磁参数测定,用其结果进行磁异常反演,求得磁性体埋藏深度、产状等与实际情况相符合。     

山西断陷带太原-临汾部分的强地震平均复发间隔与未来危险段落研究

1303年山西洪洞M8大地震距今已700年. 为了分析长期地震危险性，本文将山西断陷带太原——临汾部分划分为5个震源段，根据历史地震和GPS观测资料，估算出各段的平均地震矩率与强地震平均复发间隔，进而根据最近30多年的台网地震资料计算获得的b值图象，分析不同段落现今应力积累的相对水平. 主要结果表明:临汾盆地段的平均地震矩率为2.211016~3.031016Nm/a, M7.5地震的平均复发间隔估值为1 560~2 140 a. 灵石——洪洞段M8地震的平均复发间隔估值在4300~5100 a之间, 相当于平均矩率为2.581016~3.101016Nm/a. b值图象显示灵石——洪洞段与临汾盆地段现今处于低或较低的应力水平，可能反映自1303年M8和1695年M7.5大地震破裂后，这两段的断面强度至今仍未恢复. 候马段和介休——汾阳段具有相对较高的应力水平，并结合平均复发间隔估值，判定这两个段落可能是未来强震的潜在危险段.      

汶川Ms8．0地震驱动的同震及震后地质灾害空间分布

汶川大地震驱动了大量的同震崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害,这些地质灾害同时造成了山谷中大量的松散堆积物堆积,并将以泥石流的形式进入河流系统,造成震后大规模的泥石流地质灾害,这也是地震灾区在震后面临的最为严峻的问题。根据本项目组的卫星影像处理和实地观测工作,以及前人对同震地质灾害研究获得的数量资料,对同震地质灾害数量在平行于断裂方...     

Earthquake recurrence on whole active fault zones and its relation to that on individual fault-segments

IntroductionEarthquake recurrence models established on activity behaviors of strong earthquakes are the bases of long-term earthquake prediction, seismic risk zonation, and seismic hazard assessment. A lot of studies have been carried out on earthquake recurrence behaviors for specific seismogenic sources or fault-segments, and a series of empirical recurrence models have been proposed, such as the time-predictable model and the slip-predictable model for earthquakes repeated at the previous …     

青藏高原东北缘酒泉盆地的演化特征与宽台山-黑山断裂的性质

宽台山-黑山断裂位于酒泉盆地的北侧，向西与阿尔金走滑断裂相交，其北部为花海-金塔盆地。对酒泉地区白垩纪沉积盆地的研究和对比发现，虽然当时盆地多为断陷盆地，均受东西向伸展构造控制，但宽台山-黑山断裂两侧的盆地具有不同的基底性质和沉积岩石学特征。酒泉盆地、昌马盆地和北祁连褶皱带内的白垩系具有相同的早古生代褶皱基底，并发育有热水喷流沉积和玄武岩夹层，北祁连北缘断裂在白垩纪时尚未开始活动；花海-金塔盆地为前长城系深变质基底，盆地内不发育热水喷流沉积。宽台山-黑山断裂是青藏高原东北缘重要的岩石圈剪切断裂，控制了其南北两侧白垩纪盆地的沉积-构造演化。     

Paleocommunity Replacements of Benthic Brachiopod in the Middle-Upper Devonian in the Longmenshan Area,Southwestern China:Responses to Sea Level Fluctuations

Twelve paleocommunities dominated by benthic brachiopod are recognized in the Givetian-Frasnian stages of the Devonian in the Longmenshan area, southwestern China, in which two kinds of brachiopod community replacement are classified. One is the abrupt replacement, represented by abrupt alternation between the Leiorhynchus community and Zhonghuacoelia-Striatopugnax community in the Frasnian Tuqiaozi Formation. The other is the gradual one, developed in the Givetian Guanwushan Formation, which had been completed by the shift of the Independatrypa lemma-Uncinulus heterocostellis-Emanuella takwanensis community via the SinospongophyUum irregulare-Pseudomicroplasma fongi community to the Clathrocoilona spissa-Hexagonaria composite reef community. According to analyses of the paleocommunities, either the abrupt or gradual paleocommunity replacement of the Middle-Upper Devonian in the Longmenshan area is suggested as a response to the 5th-order sea level fluctuation due to the replacements of the paleocommunities in a tracts-system of depositional sequence. It is supposed that changes of paleocommunity diversity,one of the results of paleocornmunity replacement, are depended on the range and magnitude of sea level fluctuation, but there is not a linear relationship between them. Furthermore, a suggestion is proposed that the concept of paleocommunity succession seem to be abandoned in the paleocommunity analysis because it almost never be practiced to recover the information of community succession in the geological record at present.     

The infrastructure and Origin of Upper Sinian Cherts on the Southeast Continental Margin of the Yangtze Platform

Through microscopic and SEM observations and X-ray diffraction and energy spectrum analyses, the oldest sponge spicules and radiolarians have been found in bedded cherts and it is proposed that microbial activity of algae and bacteria played an important role in silica precipitation. The microbial activity resulted in the formation of a series of single crystals and crystal aggregates with peculiar shapes. Biogenic single crystals usually occur in spherical, rod, platy, colloidal and granular forms. The most common aggregates are framboidal aggregates composed of dense spherical quartz crystals, which are considered to be of typical bacterial origin. Other aggregates, such as favositic, double-spherical, chain-spherica'l and coccoid ones, are considered to be probably the result of silicification of algal cells and mainly of primary sedimentary origin. This paper also discusses the ultrastructural features and diagnostic indications of jasper rocks formed in a submarine hydrothermal environment and cher     

开拓供水新领域施工天然滤床渗流井取水工程

开拓天然滤床渗流井取水，根据江河流量不同，取水量达１￣５万ｍ＾３／ｄ或更大。与传统的地面钻水井、挖大井或直接取江河水净化的方法有本质的区别。取水技术是以岩土钻凿综合新技术为依托，从河床砂卵砂石层底部通过集水竖井、导井、江底隧硐（输水平巷）和钻进渗流井群取潜流水。与传统方法相比具有维护简介，利于后续延伸工程的特点。