Chemical weathering and CO2 consumption in the glaciated Karuxung River catchment,Tibetan Plateau

Climate factors play critical roles in controlling chemical weathering, while chemically weathered surface material can regulate climate change. To estimate global chemical weathering fluxes and CO₂ balance, it is important to identify the characteristics and driving factors of chemical weathering and CO₂ consumption on the Tibetan Plateau, especially in glaciated catchments. The analysis of the hydro-geochemical data indicated that silicate weathering in this area was inhibited by low temperatures, while carbonate weathering was promoted by the abundant clastic rocks with fresh surfaces produced by glacial action. Carbonate weathering dominated the riverine solute generation (with a contribution of 58%, 51%, and 43% at the QiangYong Glacier (QYG), the WengGuo Hydrological Station (WGHS), and the lake estuary (LE), respectively). The oxidation of pyrite contributed to 35%, 42%, and 30% of the riverine solutes, while silicate weathering contributed to 5%, 6%, and 26% of the riverine solutes at the QYG, WGHS, and LE, respectively. The alluvial deposit of easily weathering fine silicate minerals, the higher air temperature, plant density, and soil thickness at the downstream LE in comparison to upstream and midstream may lead to longer contact time between pore water and mineral materials, thus enhancing the silicate weathering. Because of the involvement of sulfuric acid produced by the oxidation of pyrite, carbonate weathering in the upstream and midstream did not consume atmospheric CO₂, resulting in the high rate of carbonate weathering (73.9 and 75.6 t km⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively, in maximum) and potential net release of CO₂ (with an upper constraint of 35.6 and 35.2 t km⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively) at the QYG and WGHS. The above results indicate the potential of the glaciated area of the Tibetan Plateau with pyrite deposits being a substantial natural carbon source, which deserves further investigation.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of geothermal field in space-wavenumber domain

Large-scale,fine,and efficient numerical simulation of a geothermal field plays an important role in geothermal energy development.Confronted with the problem o...     

日本海沟俯冲带热结构与深源地震

本文利用有限差分方法,计算了全地幔对流模式和双层地幔对流模式下日本海沟俯冲带热结构、浮力及P波速度异常分布,基于亚稳态橄榄石相变模型推测亚稳态橄榄石的存在范围,同时分析了热传导系数、热膨胀系数和热源对俯冲带热结构的影响,以及俯冲带所受浮力与俯冲带形态的关系.结果表明,双层地幔对流模式下模拟的P波速度异常分布与层析成像结果更为相符,也与深源地震的分布有较好的相关性.板块内部亚稳态橄榄石的存在范围随热传导系数和热膨胀系数的减小而增大,同时忽略相变潜热和剪切生热的影响也会造成模型所预测的亚稳态橄榄石范围偏大.俯冲带所受负浮力在400 km深度附近达到最大值,亚稳态橄榄石的存在使负浮力逐渐减小,甚至在板块内部产生正浮力,不利于俯冲带穿透660 km相变界面.     

高阶振型对建筑结构层间位移的影响1

建筑结构层间位移是抗震设计的研究重点。本文基于广义层间位移谱,分析高阶振型对结构最大层间位移角以及对结构层间位移沿无量纲高度分布的影响,并通过调整结构侧向刚度比,分析高阶振型对结构层间位移变形类型的影响。结果表明:随着结构固有周期的增加,仅取一阶振型进行分析将会显著低估结构的最大层间位移角,高阶振型的影响决不能忽视;从结构层间位移沿无量纲高度分布的角度分析,高阶振型将会显著增加结构中上部位的层间位移需要;高阶振型将增加长周期结构的剪切变形和中上部位的弯曲变形需求,但对中下部位弯曲变形的影响并不明显;针对长周期结构的设计和分析,除计算最大层间位移角外,建议考虑层间位移沿结构高度的分布情况。     

Two-dimensional power series solution for non-axisymmetrical transport in a radially convergent tracer test with scale-dependent dispersion

It has been known for many years that dispersivity increases with solute travel distance in a subsurface environment. The increase of dispersivity with solute travel distance results from the significant variation of hydraulic properties of heterogeneous media and was identified in the literature as scale-dependent dispersion. This study presents an analytical solution for describing two-dimensional non-axisymmetrical solute transport in a radially convergent flow tracer test with scale-dependent dispersion. The power series technique coupling with the Laplace and finite Fourier cosine transform has been applied to yield the analytical solution to the two-dimensional, scale-dependent advection–dispersion equation in cylindrical coordinates with variable-dependent coefficients. Comparison between the breakthrough curves of the power series solution and the numerical solutions shows excellent agreement at different observation points and for various ranges of scale-related transport parameters of interest. The developed power series solution facilitates fast prediction of the breakthrough curves at any observation point.     

福州电磁波异常与闽台地震的相关性研究

利用福州电磁波观测资料,对给定时段内、范围内的闽台地区地震进行相关分析,找出福州电磁波异常与地震的相关系数,探讨福州电磁波异常信息的映震效能,为今后利用电磁波观测资料异常信息进行临震预报提供科学依据。     

三维虚拟WebGIS在防震减灾中的应用研究

针对地震数据的特点,提出WebGIS和虚拟现实技术两者相结合,建立防震减灾系统.首先分析了三维WebGIS的两种常用模型,通过对比其优缺点,指出建立基于X3D的三维WebGIS模型更有利于大型地理场景的实现,扩展性强.然后在此基础上建立了以WebGIS和虚拟现实技术为核心的防震减灾系统构架和数据库,并说明了其基本功能.     

基于VBA开发的电磁波观测资料管理软件

本地震前兆电磁波观测数据处理软件（DCB软件）是一个基于Excel数据平台,用VBA编写的管理软件。本软件具有数据自动录入、数据库管理、绘图和打印等功能。以Excel作为数据处理平台的DCB软件具有以下优点：操作简单、数据直观、制作图表方便、便于数据管理、分析统计、传递交流,等等。VBA程序则具有容易学习、理解,方便修改等优点。