大巩山金矿床构造控矿作用分析

大巩山金矿床在大地构造上处于中朝地块东南缘的蚌埠隆起东段,郯庐断裂带的两条次级断裂——朱顶-石门山断裂和五河-红心铺断裂所夹持的部位.矿区内出露五河群最下部的西堆组,并构成蚌埠复背斜的核部,断裂有北北东向、南北向、北西西向和北东向4组.南北向断裂在宏观上控制金矿体的产状和规模.向西缓倾的南北向断裂控制石英脉型金矿体的发育和产出,而向东陡倾的南北向断裂控制构造蚀变岩型金矿体的产出,这是与不同时期南北向断裂成生演化和岩浆活动作用密切相关的,也与该区及邻区成矿年代学研究成果相一致.     

蜾蠃蜚科(甲壳动物:端足目)一新属、新种

作者在鉴定1994年采自大连(北黄海)浅水和广东大亚湾的端足类(Amphipoda)标本中,发现了蜾蠃蜚科(Family Corophiidae)的一新属,即拟亮钩虾属 Genus Paraphotis，报告如下。新属、新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。     

Effects of suspended sediment characteristics and bed sediment transport on streambed clogging

Fine sediment deposition in streambeds can reduce pore water fluxes and the overall rate of hyporheic exchange, producing deleterious effects on benthic and hyporheic ecological communities. To increase understanding of the factors that control the reduction of hyporheic exchange by fine sediment deposition, we conducted experiments in a laboratory flume to observe changes in the rates of solute exchange and kaolinite clay deposition as substantial amounts of kaolinite accumulated in the streambed. Two long‐term experiments were conducted, with durations of 14 days and 29 days. Use of a laboratory flume system allowed steady stream flow conditions to be maintained throughout both experiments, and alternating injections of known quantities of kaolinite and a sodium chloride tracer were used to assess the effect of clay accumulation on hyporheic exchange directly. In the first experiment, there was no bed sediment transport and kaolinite deposition formed a highly clogged near‐surface layer that greatly reduced hyporheic exchange. Application of a fundamental model for advective hyporheic exchange indicated that the effective permeability and porosity of the streambed decreased substantially during the course of the experiment. In the second experiment, the kaolinite was prepared with different surface properties to be more mobile, and the experiment was conducted with a small degree of bed sediment transport. As a result, no distinct clogged layer developed, and the rate of hyporheic exchange was found to remain approximately constant throughout the experiment (29 days). These results indicate that increasing fine sediment loads, e.g. those that occur from changes in land use, can have substantially different impacts on hyporheic exchange and associated ecological processes depending on the stream flow conditions, the rate and frequency of bed sediment transport, and the extent of interaction of the introduced fines with bed sediments. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国土整治与中国地理学

国土整治是我国一个很重要问题,我提出一些看法,供大家参考。讲两个部分:第一部分,什么是国土整治;第二部分,国土整治与中国地理学的关系。     

我国浅层生物气藏的压力特征及成因探讨

对中国迄今已发现的浅层生物气藏研究资料的分析统计,发现这类气藏的压力系数大多数介于０．９￣１．１之间,属于常压气藏。该类气藏具有时代新（主要分布在第三系和第四系中）、埋藏浅（３０￣１５００ｍ）、水文地质条件相对开启、地层成岩作用弱、孔隙度和渗透率高、盖层封闭能力差、沉积剖面中砂岩含量高、经受的地层温度低、气藏高度小等特点,这是由其地质条件决定的。生物气藏这种特征,可为钻控这类气藏时,配用适当密度的     

平原地区降雨入渗补给地下水的模拟试验研究方法

降雨入渗补给量在平原地区约占地下水总补给量的50～80%。本文采用人工降雨模拟试验的方法,从分析降雨入渗水分运动特点着手,寻求在不同的土壤和地下水埋深的条件下,入渗总量与降雨量、降雨强度以及土壤前期含水量等要素的关系,并根据蓄满入渗补给的原理,计算入渗总量中补给地下水的部分,同时,又将上述方法得出的结果与其它方法计算的结果及地下水动态资料进行了对比。     

基于分形理论的黄土丘陵区土地利用研究——以延安市宝塔区为例

在GIS和分形理论的指导下,将延安市宝塔区的土地利用类型进行了分类,得到研究区的土地利用分类图,并在分类的基础上,对宝塔区的各种土地利用类型进行分形维数的分析.计算结果表明:(1)宝塔区的土地利用类型的景观风貌是以林地为基质,以草地、园地、居工、未利用地为斑块镶嵌结构,并且以水体和道路为线状廊道的景观结构模式.(2)宝塔区各种土地利用类型的分维数从大到小的顺序依次为:水体、道路、草地、林地、耕地、园地、未利用地,居工;而稳定性指数从大到小排列顺序为:水体、道路、居工、未利用地、园地、耕地、林地,草地.(3)宝塔区土地利用的各种景观指数在空间上的分布规律很大程度上受到人为活动的影响与干扰,如植树造林、退耕还林、封山育林等因素.     

Responses of global terrestrial water use efficiency to climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration in the twenty-first century

Terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in global carbon and water cycles because of the substantial amount of carbon assimilated through net primary production and large amount of water loss through evapotranspiration (ET). Using a process-based ecosystem model, we investigate the potential effects of climate change and rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration on global terrestrial ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) during the twenty-first century. Future climate change would reduce global WUE by 16.3% under high-emission climate change scenario (A2) and 2.2% under low-emission climate scenario (B1) during 2010–2099. However, the combination of rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration and climate change would increase global WUE by 7.9% and 9.4% under A2 and B1 climate scenarios, respectively. This suggests that rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration could ameliorate climate change-induced WUE decline. Future WUE would increase significantly at the high-latitude regions but decrease at the low-latitude regions under combined changes in climate and atmospheric CO₂. The largest increase of WUE would occur in tundra and boreal needleleaf deciduous forest under the combined A2 climate and atmospheric CO₂ scenario. More accurate prediction of WUE requires deeper understanding on the responses of ET to rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and its interactions with climate.     

粉喷桩加固海滩区淤泥路基现场试验研究

厦门海沧大道位于海沧区东海岸的海滩区,路基中海相淤泥分布广泛,厚度变化大。在淤泥厚度较大的路段,粉喷桩没有穿透淤泥层,形成了\     

The 2.73 Ga I-type granites in the Lengshui Complex and implications for the Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the Yangtze Craton

ABSTRACT

We report the oldest I-type granites in the Lengshui Complex of the Yangtze Craton, providing new insights for its tectonic evolution during the Neoarchean. An approach-combined study of zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopes, as well as whole-rock element geochemistry and Nd isotopes, were employed. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating for the monzogranite sample LSG03 and LSG16 yielded ages of 2732 ± 13 Ma and 2738 ± 25 Ma, respectively. The more precise age of 2732 ± 13 Ma for the sample LSG03 was taken as the crystallization age of the monzogranite. These rocks have high SiO₂ (73.11–74.01 wt%), K₂O (3.93–5.48 wt%), Na₂O (3.93–4.86 wt%) and low CaO (0.30–0.69 wt%), MgO (0.17–0.30 wt%), TiO₂ (0.14–0.17 wt%), P₂O₅ (0.01–0.06 wt%), Al₂O₃ (14.11–14.37 wt%) content with weakly peraluminous affinity (A/CNK = 1.04–1.11). Geochemically, they belong to I-type granites, indicating partial melting of a thickened lower crust. Their relatively high Nb/Ta (15.2–34.8) ratios further suggest they formed under eclogite-facies conditions. The consistent whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate a homogeneous source. According to their ε_Hf(t) values (?2.0 to 0.8), two-stage Hf model ages (3.1 to 3.2 Ga) and positive ε_Nd(t) (1.4 to 2.1), we argue that they were probably generated by partial melting of a juvenile lower crust with little ancient materials. Monzogranites formed in a late-orogenic or collisional compressive tectonic regime, whereas subsequent ca. 2.73 Ga and 2.67–2.62 Ga A-type granites in the Zhongxiang Uplift (including the Lengshui Complex) may represent a prolonged extensional setting. Thus, Archean subduction (probably unlike modern subduction) likely occurred prior to ca. 2.73 Ga. Similar magmatism in the Kongling Complex implies that the Zhongxiang Uplift may have accrete to the Kongling Complex during the early Neoarchean. The transition from I-type to A-type magmatism may have resulted from a change in the geodynamic regime from the late-orogenic or collisional compressive environment to an extensional environment caused by the subsequent lithospheric collapse and mantle upwelling, suggesting an early Neoarchean orogenic event in the eastern Yangtze Craton.