Correlation acceleration in GNSS software receivers using a CUDA-enabled GPU

GPS Solutions - The correlation process in a GNSS receiver tracking module can be computationally prohibitive if it is executed on a central processing unit (CPU) using single-instruction...     

Quantitative analysis of the driving factors for groundwater resource changes in arid irrigated areas

How to quantify the impact of climate change and human activities on groundwater is not only a hot topic of current research but also a key point of water resource management in arid irrigated areas. Therefore, this paper analyzes the changes in the trends of land use, climate, and groundwater extraction in the Yanqi Basin in recent years and uses the distributed hydrological model MIKE-SHE to quantitatively analyze the impacts of these three factors on groundwater resources. The results show that: 1. The Nash coefficients of the simulated and observed groundwater levels during the verification period are 0.84, 0.79 and 0.76; the correlation coefficient between the simulated and observed soil moisture is 0.86. Although there are some uncertainties in the simulation, the results prove that the model can be used to simulate arid irrigated areas. 2. The effects of these three factors on groundwater levels are 5, 12.5 and 82.5%, respectively, and have caused the regional average groundwater level to decrease by a maximum of 0.07, 0.23 and 1.79 m, respectively. The effects of these three factors on the interactions between surface water and groundwater were 7.04, 3.63 and 89.33%. Groundwater extraction has become the main influencing factor of regional groundwater resources changes due to its more direct influence. 3. The influence of groundwater extraction has a strong spatial distribution characteristic and 10% of the study area has been greatly impacted by the groundwater extraction. Base on the above results, integrating multidisciplinary knowledge to establish the relationship between ecological environment and groundwater changes can provide strategies for the sustainable development of groundwater.     

Effects of differential hillslope‐scale water retention characteristics on rainfall–runoff response at the Landscape Evolution Observatory

Hillslopes turn precipitation into runoff and thus exert important controls on various Earth system processes. It remains difficult to collect reliable data necessary for understanding and modeling these Earth system processes in real catchments. To overcome this problem, controlled experiments are being conducted at the Landscape Evolution Observatory at Biosphere 2, The University of Arizona. Previous experiments have revealed differences in hydrological response between 2 landscapes within Landscape Evolution Observatory, even though both landscapes were designed to be identical. In an attempt to discover where the observed differences stem from, we use a fully 3‐dimensional hydrological model (CATchment HYdrology) to show the effect of soil water retention characteristics and saturated hydraulic conductivity on the hydrological response of these 2 hillslopes. We also show that soil water retention characteristics can be derived at hillslope scale from experimental observations of soil moisture and matric potential. It is found that differences in soil packing between the 2 landscapes may be responsible for the observed differences in hydrological response. This modeling study also suggests that soil water retention characteristics and saturated hydraulic conductivity have a profound effect on rainfall–runoff processes at hillslope scale and that parametrization of a single hillslope may be a promising step in modeling rainfall–runoff response in real catchments.     

北京城市贫困人口特征,成因及其解困对策

在经济与社会转轨时期,北京城市贫困人口总量显增加,并出现贫困人口群体多样化特征。贫困人口的成因既受国家经济结构高速和体制改革等的制约,也受人口自身身体状况、化素质和思想观念等的影响,因此,需要采取多种措施摆脱贫困。     

流量站网规划与发展问题探讨

在简要回顾甘肃水文站网历史发展的基础上,运用直线原则与区域原则的理论与方法对洮河和陇南嘉陵江干流区进行了站网规划,取得了对实际工作具有指导作用的成果,并就流量站网的规划与调整、流量站网如何更好地为水资源合理开发利用服务等站网发展问题提出了意见。     

北京地区地热测井与热储层研究

北京地热测井由电阻率,自电,天然放射性,井温,井径形成地热测井系列,在划分地层,了解井温,水量等方面取得重要参数资料,为北京地热的勘探,开发,评价提供必要的依据。     

航空遥感技术在新疆和硕-库尔勒段高速公路工程地质调查中的应用

在利用TM 图像进行区域工程地质条件分析的基础上,利用大比例尺航空像片,对新疆和硕-库尔勒段高速公路正线及比较线进行路线工程地质调查,并结合钻探、触探,探地雷达测试,对路线工程地质条件进行综合评价。     

典型超级单体风暴过程分析

利用郑州７１４ＣＤ多普勒天气雷达观测资料,结合有关地面要素资料和郑州探空资料,对１９９８年９月４日一次典型超级单体造成的冰雹大风和短时强降水过程进行分析探讨,揭示了强对流天气雷达回波强度场和多普勒速度场的典型特征,为强对流天气的监测、识别、临近预报和人工消雹提供参考。     

河南省人工消雹作业判据研究

使用河南省气象台站１９８２－１９９７年４－８月地面报表和同时期雷达回波资料统计分析了４０次区域性冰雹过程的天气特征,回波参数特征,找出了相关性较好的各种预报判据和多普勒天气雷达强度场,速度场上的图像特征,为制作 冰雹的短时预报,雷达监测及人工消荼提供科学的依据。     

南海海温与赤道东太平洋海温的遥相关

南海不仅蕴藏着丰富的海底石油和各种矿产,而且还是海上重要航道,具有政治、军事和经济的特殊地位。它处于菲律宾、马来西亚和中南半岛三面陆地的环抱之中,东边与热带西太平洋边缘接壤,是一个半封闭的深水海域,既受陆地影响,又与邻近海域有关联,具有独特的海洋环境特征。由于南海为低纬热带海洋,而且处于季风气流上游,因此是我国夏季降水的水汽和各种能量的重要源地之一。它的海温变化与季风环流的相互作用以直接影响我国东部低纬地区的降水量。因此,研究南海海温的变化特征及其与El Nino的关系,不仅是研究该海域海洋环境预报的重要课题,而且可为中国南方天气与气候及其预测的研究提供重要依据. 本文在分析南海海温与赤道太平洋海温长期趋勢的基础上,采用了典型相关分析方法研究两海区的遥相关,并重点对南海滞后赤道东太平洋海温12个月的两海区前两对典型变量的交叉谱进行了分析。