氯电极性能的微机检测

采用自己设计、组装的多参数跟踪仪和自编软件进行程控测定电位Ｅ，研究了三种不同氯电极对浓度和时间的响应性能，实现微机数据采集、打印、计算和作图，获得了满意结果．     

雷达个例资料整编批处理技术与业务应用

在新一代天气雷达业务观测中,采用降水观测模式2,一天有近240个基数据和约有7200个数据产品。由于基数据和数据产品文件名与资料整编文件名格式上的差异很大,如果仅依靠人工进行整编,不仅文件多、信息量大,而且文件的重命名、校对审核尤为困难。系统地介绍了雷达个例资料整编的关键技术和解决方案,通过计算机实现了文件命名的自动批处理,采用向导式任务处理技术实现了雷达个例资料整编的自动化、批量化、流程化和标准化。     

海洋捕捞与海水养殖监管系统研究

文章针对海洋渔业由于过度捕捞造成渔业资源枯竭的问题,提出了一种基于海洋遥感(ORS)、全球定位系统(GPS)和海洋地理信息系统(MGIS)等高新技术的海洋捕捞与海水养殖监管系统设计方案,可以远程自动对海洋渔业区域的水质多参数信息和养殖环境视频信息进行综合采集、传输及监控,也可以自动采集传输渔船RFID身份识别信息、渔船AIS自动识别信息、渔船GPS定位信息和捕捞生产视频信息等,并通过海洋精细渔业专家系统ES进行渔业养殖监控、渔业环境资源监测评估、渔船船数和功率数控制和海洋捕捞生产渔情监测等。该系统可以实现海洋渔业精细化捕捞和海洋渔业精细化养殖,促进海洋渔业可持续发展。     

横岭关铜矿床地球化学研究

对横岭关铜矿床中稀土元素、同位素和矿物包裹体地球化学研究表明，矿床形成温度为３５０℃±３０℃；压力为３８×１０~５Ｐａ～２４０×１０~５Ｐａ；盐度为３０ｗｔ％～４２ｗｔ％；ｌｏｇｆｏ_２为－３０．４１～－３１．４７；ｌｏｇｆｓ_２为－５．４～－８；ｐＨ值为７．３；ｌｏｇｆｃｏ_２为－２．４９；铜的溶解度（ｌｏｇｍ_（Ｃｕ））为－５．８７～－２．２１。围岩的铅－铅同位素年龄为１７７５×１０~６ａ，矿石的铅－铅同位素年龄为１８４５×１０~６ａ；矿石硫同位素组成，δ~（３４）Ｓ为－８．１‰～３６．９‰，显示出硫同位素为非平衡特征；碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成，δ~（１３）Ｃ为－７．１‰～－２．６‰，δ~（１３）Ｃ_（∑Ｃ）为－５．３‰；成矿流体的氢氧同位素组成具有变质热卤水的特点，认为该矿床属于变质热卤水成矿。     

河北省张家口市崇礼区储雪试验的先期评估

气候变暖导致的滑雪场营业时间变短和造雪成本升高、大型体育赛事用雪缺乏保障等问题日益突出,储雪是解决这些问题的有效措施之一.然而目前基于高效隔热结构和新材料的场地储雪技术研究稀缺,无法满足日益增长的滑雪赛事与娱乐需求.为筛选储雪的最优技术方案,基于不同的隔热材料和隔热结构,在河北省张家口市崇礼区万龙滑雪场设置了四个建造成...     

长江南京段近20年来河槽演变及其对人类活动的响应

利用 1998年和2013年历史水下地形数据,结合2015年和2016年多波束测深、流速与河床沉积物数据,探讨了南京段河槽演变对人类活动的响应规律。结果表明：① 1998~2013年南京河段整体呈现冲刷状态,净冲刷量为0.56亿 m³。② 南京段主河槽发育有平床和沙波等微地貌,两侧发育有水下陡坡。其中,平床和小尺度沙波区域平均流速为0.79 m/s,而巨型沙波区域平均流速为1.41 m/s。③ 人类活动对该河段的水下微地貌演变与河势演变起到至关重要的作用。由于三峡大坝等人类活动的影响,上游来沙量仍将持续低于多年平均值,南京段河槽会进一步冲刷并极可能给涉水工程安全带来威胁。     

A field-scale long-term study on radionuclide transport through weathered granites at a site in southern China

A regional strategy for safety disposal of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes (LILW) has been implemented in China to protect humans and the environment. A joint onsite and laboratory investigation was conducted for a field site in southern China to assess the probability for safe disposal of LILW, which requires the understanding of long-term radionuclide transport behaviors under field conditions. This study presents the field-scale modeling of radionuclide transport through weathered granites for a conservative, a weakly sorbing and a strongly sorbing tracer by incorporating laboratory and field data. The field-scale radionuclide transport model was developed on the basis of a validated long-term groundwater flow model and field-measured dispersion coefficient, as well as laboratory-characterized strontium and cesium distribution coefficients in the weathered granites. The model was then used to perform the long-term transport prediction and risk assessment of radionuclide pollution for both the natural site setting and the graded site setting. Model simulation reveals that the numerical sensitivities of calculated concentrations are tracer dependent and changing with time. The conservative radionuclide is most sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity (K) while slightly sensitive to changes in effective porosity (φ), specific yield (μ) and longitudinal dispersion coefficient (D _L), indicating advection is the main transport process of conservative radionuclide. The weakly and strongly sorbing tracers, on the other hand, are most sensitive to changes in the distribution coefficient (K _d) and less sensitive to changes in the rest of model parameters, revealing that sorption is the main process for controlling the transport of sorbing tracers. A conservative radionuclide plume moves at an average velocity of about 54 m/a, which is too fast to be considered as safe disposal under the natural site setting. However, the plume of the conservative radionuclide could be slowed down to a velocity around 5.3 m/a due to the reduction of the hydraulic gradient under the graded site setting. Therefore, the conservative radioactive wastes could be disposed at the mid-eastern part of the site under the graded site setting because the transport path has been prolonged and thus no conservative radionuclides could migrate out of the site in a reasonable timeframe. For the sorbing tracers, however, results of the computed transport distance are 40 and 2 m at 500 years, respectively. Therefore, they can be disposed safely at the site under both natural and graded site settings. This study provides an insight to the field-scale long-term behaviors of radionuclide transport. The integrated modeling method presented in this study is most useful for the environmental impact assessment of the site conditions relevant to the safe disposal of hazardous wastes.     

含HCl四元水盐体系溶解度预测及其在工艺上的应用Ⅰ:HCl的Pitzer参数的获得

H,Li,Mg／Cl－H2O对体系的相平衡关系研究对于从锂的液体资源中有效的分离提取锂盐有重要意义。用实验的方法研究这样复杂的气－液－固多相体系是耗时费力、难度很大的工作。利用现代电解质溶液理论,开展这种体系的溶解度预测,显然有理论和实际意义。本文报导我们在这一方面的前期工作,即适用于高离子强度的HCl的Pitzer参数的获得的问题。文中给出了一些有意义的结果。     

《禹贡》九河分流地域范围新证——兼论古白洋淀的消亡过程

先秦时期黄河下游存在的两大分流，各在其下游段形成九河分流系统，即冀州九河与兖州九河o《尔雅》释九河，实属兖州九河即《汉志》河下游分流水系，在今高唐、黄骅、利津之间。《禹贡》河所播冀州九河，在今深县、黄骅、天津、容城之间。古白洋淀消亡的关键因素是《禹贡》河泥沙的长期堆积，其消亡过程即为《禹贡》河九河的发育过程。     

鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面磷的交换通量

采用扩散模型法与实验培养法对鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面间可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的界面交换过程进行研究,并探讨了其影响因素.结果表明,利用2种方法得到鄱阳湖各站点可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐在沉积物与水界面间的交换方向不完全相同,大部分站点沉积物是磷的源,其中,利用扩散模型法估算的可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐平均扩散通量分别为0.052和0.047 mg/(m~2·d),而实验培养法测得可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的平均交换通量则分别为0.25和0.24 mg/(m~2·d),且各站点利用扩散模型法测得磷的交换通量均小于实验培养法的计算结果.此外,上覆水溶解氧浓度及水体温度对可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换过程均具有一定的影响,表现为温度越高,溶解氧浓度越小,可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换越强烈.