太湖北部沉积物重金属污染及其潜在生态危害评价

对太湖底北部表层20cm深沉积物样进行了重金属元素含量(Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr)分析，采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数对其生态危害进行了评价：结果表明，沉积物表层5cm深以来Hg、Cd、Ph元素含量增加比较显著，生态危害指数比较高，构成了沉积物中等危害，其原因可能与太湖北部梅梁湾周围大量工业和生活废水未经处理直接排放相关。     

近42年西藏高原雅鲁藏布江中游夏季气候趋势和突变分析

根据1957－1998年雅鲁藏布江中游拉萨、日喀则、泽当、江孜4个站6－8月的平均气温、降水资料，通过线性趋势估计和多项式函数拟合等方法分析了雅鲁藏布江中游地区夏季气候长期趋势变化和周期变化，并利用滑动T检验等方法讨论了突变的问题。结果表明：在过去42a里，该流域夏季气温有明显的上升趋势，1980年突变增暖非常明显；而夏季降水呈下降趋势，60年代中后期至80年代末降水普遍偏少，90年代降水出现回升势头。气温、降水的主要周期集中在高频波段，显著周期为2．8－3．5a。     

河西走廊末次冰期砂楔的发现及其古气候意义

河西走廊砂楔主要形成在晚更新世冲洪积砾石层中，楔体内充填的风成砂^14C年龄证明其是末次冰期的产物，在末次冰期，洒西走廊年平均气温为－5－7度左右，较现在低13－15度，这一 估算数据与根据本区芒硝沉积层所推测的气温下降值是一致的，亦与最近有关北半球高，中纬度冰期降温幅度的研究相符合，当时，河西走廊西段年降水量可能达到100－200mm，比现在平均年降水量增加约100mm左右。     

常温下砂岩的变形特征及其影响因素

本文研究了常温下砂岩的变形特征，发现低围压条件下。砂岩表现为脆性剪切破裂，并产生扩容现象，而在高围压条件下，则表现为塑性流动，在塑性流动过程中，孔隙破裂，砂粒被压碎。并发生旋转和滑动，砂岩体积收缩，并表现为应变硬化，在砂岩由脆性剪切破裂向塑性流动的转化过程中，砂岩的孔隙率和围压起了关键的作用，本文还研究了砂岩孔隙破裂的机制，随着围压的增加，孔隙破裂分为两个阶段；第一阶段是孔隙边缘的剪切破裂，第二阶     

SBAS技术在南京河西地表沉降监测中的应用

由于地质条件的影响及城市化进展的不断加快,南京河西地区地面沉降日趋明显。本文以2007-2011年16景日本ALOS PALSAR卫星升轨数据为例,采用SBAS技术分析了河西地区的沉降趋势,反演了研究区的地表形变场,并与水准测量数据进行了对比,验证了SBAS用于沉降监测的准确性和时效性。     

Intracellular and extracellular mineralization of a microbial community in the Edmond deep-sea vent field environment

Microbial biomineralization in submarine hydrothermal environments provides an insight into the formation of vent microfossils and the interactions between microbes, elements and minerals throughout the geological record. Here, we investigate microbial biomineralization of a deep-sea vent community in the Edmond vent field and provide ultrastructural evidence for the formation of microfossils and biogenic iron-rich minerals related to Archaea and Bacteria. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis shows that filamentous and spiral microbes are encrusted by a non-crystalline silica matrix and minor amounts of iron oxides. Examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals acicular iron-rich particles and aggregates that occur either intracellularly or extracellularly. A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a diverse range of Bacteria and Archaea, the majority of which are related to sulfur metabolism in the microbial mats. Both Archaea and Bacteria have undergone silicification, in a similar manner to microorganisms in some terrestrial hot springs and indicating that silicification may be driven by silica supersaturation and polymerization. Formation mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular iron oxides associated with microbes are discussed. These results enhance our understanding of microbial mineralization in extreme environments, which may be widespread in the Earth's modern and ancient hydrothermal vent fields.     

Performance evaluation of lunar penetrating radar onboard the rover of CE-3 probe based on results from ground experiments

Lunar Penetrating Radar(LPR) onboard the rover that is part of the Chang'e-3(CE-3) mission was firstly utilized to obtain in situ measurements about geological structure on the lunar surface and the thickness of the lunar regolith, which are key elements for studying the evolutional history of lunar crust. Because penetration depth and resolution of LPR are related to the scientific objectives of this mission,a series of ground-based experiments using LPR was carried out, and results of the experimental data were obtained in a glacial area located in the northwest region of China. The results show that the penetration depth of the first channel antenna used for LPR is over 79 m with a resolution of 2.8 m, and that for the second channel antenna is over 50.8 m with a resolution of 17.1 cm.     

Echo simulation of lunar penetrating radar: based on a model of inhomogeneous multilayer lunar regolith structure

Lunar Penetrating Radar(LPR) based on the time domain Ultra-Wideband(UWB) technique onboard China's Chang'e-3(CE-3) rover, has the goal of investigating the lunar subsurface structure and detecting the depth of lunar regolith. An inhomogeneous multi-layer microwave transfer inverse-model is established. The dielectric constant of the lunar regolith, the velocity of propagation, the reflection, refraction and transmission at interfaces, and the resolution are discussed. The model is further used to numerically simulate and analyze temporal variations in the echo obtained from the LPR attached on CE-3's rover, to reveal the location and structure of lunar regolith. The thickness of the lunar regolith is calculated by a comparison between the simulated radar B-scan images based on the model and the detected result taken from the CE-3 lunar mission. The potential scientific return from LPR echoes taken from the landing region is also discussed.