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91.
铰接柱式波能转换装置是一种新型的波能转换装置,本文为该装置提出了一个合理而又便于计算的水动力学模型,并采用三维源分布法对该装置进行了水动力分析,通过与该装置的模型试验结果的比较,显示出所得的计算结果是令人满意的。 相似文献
92.
ZHANG Xuetong ZHANG Ronghu HU Shumin YU WenbinOpen Research Laboratory of Geochemical Kinetics Chinese Academy of GeologicalSciences Baiwanzhuang Ro Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):406-411
This work presents new experimental results on surface chemistry of reacting minerals and interface kinetics between mineral and aqueous solutions. These experiments were carried out using a flow reactor (packed bed reactor) of an open system as well as a continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR. The authors measured reaction rates of such minerals as zeolite, albite and carbonate (rhodochrosite, dolomite) in various solutions, and tested corresponding mineral surface by using SEM, XPS, SIMS, etc. This paper mainly presents the experimental results of zeolite dissolution in water and in low pH solutions at room temperature, and dolomite dissolution at elevated temperatures. The results show that the release rates of Si, Al and Na of zeolite are different in most cases. The incongruent dissolution of zeolite is related to surface chemical modifications. The Na, Al and Si release rates for dissolution of albite and zeolite in water and various solutions were measured as a function of temperature, flow veloci 相似文献
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94.
大洋中脊热水探测与新型传感器 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对大洋中脊的探测带来了大量科学发现。在大洋中脊热水喷口的极端条件下,在大的温度梯度范围内,一方面在喷口(黑烟囱)周围形成巨量金属硫化物快速堆积;另一方面在喷口周围由内向外形成一个生物晕。为了研究洋中脊极端条件下的水热过程,模拟洋中脊水-岩相互作用条件下生命过程,需要在高温高压环境中原位获取数据,必须利用先进、灵敏的化学传感器。由于新材料技术的发展,美国和西方国家深海探测时广泛使用YSZ电化学传感器(氧化钇稳定的氧化锆陶瓷,YSZ:Yttria Stabilized Zirconia),这种传感器的优点是在温度大于200℃的高温时性能良好,在低于200℃条件下灵敏度降低,而且在国际市场上没有这些高温高压化学传感器出售。“十五”期间,科技部863计划,首次将发展深海高温高压传感器的海底多参数检测技术之一列入我国计划。根据863计划,中国科学家通过努力研制成功一系列具有中国自主知识产权的高温高压化学传感器,在自主研制了YSZ传感器的同时,发明了国际上首次可以在大温度范围、在海上实用的Zr/ZrO2高温化学传感器,可部分替代YSZ传感器。这两类集成式化学传感器可以探测大洋中脊400℃/40MPa热水的pH、H2、H2S、Eh等,并在2004年的南海的海试中取得成功。 相似文献
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97.
为探讨相似路径台风“摩羯”(1814)和“温比亚”(1818)影响南通降水的差异原因,从天气形势、物理量场等方面进行分析,利用水汽通量、假相当位温、湿位涡、垂直螺旋度等物理量对降水进行诊断,得到以下主要结论:1)两台风移动路径主要受副热带高压和冷空气的影响,副热带高压边缘气流为主要引导气流。两台风均有追随200 hPa辐散中心移动的趋势。2)较强冷空气的侵入、鞍形场中的缓慢移动、强正涡度和强盛上升运动、强水汽输送且低空长时间水汽辐合、大气斜压性增强和风垂直切变增大均是台风“温比亚”造成南通更强降水的原因。3)水汽通量辐合增强,低层正涡度中心、强上升运动,低层假相当位温大值区叠加上空假相当位温梯度带,垂直螺旋度增大与正值发展高度均与台风强降水有明显对应。 相似文献
98.
如何实现人口、城市规模和自然地理系统的协调及可持续发展,是城市化中人地关系面临的难题。以新疆91个县域单元为研究对象,基于研究区全域、六大地貌类型和七大水系分区3个空间维度,运用位序-规模法和人口Lorenz曲线法,对城市规模体系和人口分布格局量化分析,探究了新疆城市规模分布与地貌、水系空间分布的相关性。结果表明:(1) 地貌类型区系统规模分布相关系数为0.897,水系分区系统规模分布相关系数为0.951,表明城镇规模格局与水系地理因子关系更紧密。(2) 准噶尔盆地与天山北麓诸河区是2个突出的人口分布聚集单元,同时是地理类型高度叠加区,呈现出城市规模与自然地理结合的空间极化区。(3) 新疆各自然地理单元城市人口分布的异质性表现突出,地貌类型单元内人口集疏格局鲜明,水系分区单元内人口分布相对均衡,其中天山北麓诸河区人口集聚程度较高。总体来看,新疆城市人口规模区域差异特征显著,城市规模等级结构存在断层现象,城市体系发育不成熟,建议加强中等城市规模的发展,完善新疆全域的城市格局。 相似文献
99.
Kinetic experiments of dolomite dissolution in water over a temperature range from 25 to 250°C were performed using a flow
through packed bed reactor. Authors chose three different size fractions of dolomite samples: 18–35 mesh, 35–60 mesh, and
60–80 mesh. The dissolution rates of the three particle size samples of dolomite were measured. The dissolution rate values
are changed with the variation of grain size of the sample. For the sample through 20–40 mesh, both the release rate of Ca
and the release rate of Mg increase with increasing temperature until 200°C, then decrease with continued increasing temperature.
Its maximum dissolution rate occurs at 200°C. The maximum dissolution rates for the sample through 40–60 mesh and 60–80 mesh
happen at 100°C. Experimental results indicate that the dissolution of dolomite is incongruent in most cases. Dissolution
of fresh dolomite was non-stoichiometric, the Ca/Mg ratio released to solution was greater than in the bulk solid, and the
ratio increases with rising temperatures from 25 to 250°C. Observations on dolomite dissolution in water are presented as
three parallel reactions, and each reaction occurs in consecutive steps as
where the second part is a slow reaction, and also the reaction could occur as follows:
The following rate equation was used to describe dolomite dissolution kinetics
where refers to one of each reaction among the above reactions; k
ij
is the rate constant for ith species in the jth reaction, a
i
stands for activity of ith aqueous species, n is the stoichimetric coefficience of ith species in the jth reaction, and define . The experiments prove that dissolved Ca is a strong inhibitor for dolomite dissolution (release of Ca) in most cases. Dissolved
Mg was found to be an inhibitor for dolomite dissolution at low temperatures. But dissolution rates of dolomite increase with
increasing the concentration of dissolved Mg in the temperature range of 200–250°C for 20–40 mesh sample, and in the temperature
range of 100–250°C for 40–80 mesh sample, whereas the Mg2+ ion adsorption on dolomite surface becomes progressively the step controlling reaction. The following rate equation is suitable
to dolomite dissolutions at high temperatures from 200 to 250°C.
where refers to dissolution rate (release of Ca), and are molar concentrations of dissolved Ca and Mg, k
ad stands for adsorption reaction rate constant, K
Mg refers to adsorption equilibrium constant.
At 200°C for 40–60 mesh sample, the release rate of Ca can be described as:
相似文献
100.