新型城镇化条件下城市地质工作转型与发展方向

新型城镇化强调以人为本,更注重社会经济发展与资源环境的协调统一。在此背景下,城市地质工作需要转型发展,应围绕城乡一体、资源集约利用、生态宜居的发展战略,以地质环境评价、水土污染治理、地质灾害防治等作为工作重点,以期更好地为新型城镇化建设,提供有效服务和技术支持。     

上海岸带冲淤及对深水航道工程的影响

长江入海泥沙在复杂的河口地貌和水动力条件下,自然岸带的冲淤频繁多变,给沿海重大工程带来不利影响,成为上海地区重要的地质灾害种类。本文结合长江河口地区泥沙运移监测成果,分析了其对长江口深水航道工程的影响,为工程的日常维护与安全运行提供借鉴。     

Northward Shift in Landfall Locations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific during the Last Four Decades

This study analyzes landfall locations of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific during 1979–2018.Results demonstrate that the landfall locations of TCs over this region have shifted northward during the last four decades,primarily due to the shift of landfalling TC tracks,with the decreasing/increasing proportion of westward/northward TC tracks.In particular,the northward shift of the landfalling TCs was not related to their formation locations,which have not markedly changed,whereas"no-landed"TCs have significantly shifted northward.TC movement was significantly and positively correlated to the zonal component of the steering flow,while the correlation between TC movement and the meridional component of the steering flow was relatively unobvious.The westward steering flow in the tropical central Pacific that occurred around the formation and early development of the westward TCs was significantly weakened,which was unfavorable for their westward movement,thereby,causing the higher proportions of northward moving tracks.This weakened westward flow was related to the northward shift of the subtropical high ridge,which was caused by significant weakening of the southern part of the subtropical high.The vertical wind shear,sea surface temperature,and convective available potential energy also showed that the northern region of the western North Pacific became more favorable for TC development,whereas the upper divergence,low-layer relative vorticity,and accumulated water vapor content were not obviously related to the northward shift of TCs.     

Research on the Urban Influence Domains in China

Through research on the gravity model, the paper studies the geometric characteristics of urban influence domain and the principles for the change of urban influence domain along with the evolution of distance decay index, calculates the distribution of the gravitational field by using ARCGIS, establishes a spatial cluster system for the megalopolis in china, delineates urban influence domains by dissolving spatial features, and compartmentalizes China into 13 economic regions based on the megalopolis clusters and urban influence domains combining with the physical and economic locations. Major conclusions are: the distribution of urban gravitational field is the manifestation of regional unbalanced development; the spatial structure and characteristic of urban system can be studied through the distribution situation of urban gravitational field; the urban influence domains in China have not formed the mosaic structure of a standard regular hexagon; the economic region with weak urban gravitational field may be compressed by the region with stronger urban gravitational field.     

基于Wigner双谱对角切片的谱分解技术在油气检测中的应用

谱分解技术作为一种解释性处理技术得到了地质、地球物理工作者的广泛关注,如何有效地利用其分频显示功能进行油气检测也成为人们关注的一个焦点。利用Wigner高阶谱具有高时频聚集性的特点,提出了一种基于改进核函数的Wigner双谱对角切片的谱分解技术。即在分析指数型核函数与锥形核函数优缺点的基础上,给出了改进的新核函数,进而采用模糊域核函数滤波法抑制Wigner双谱对角切片的交叉项,并解决了Wigner双谱对角切片的模糊函数中心点校正问题。通过对新的核函数交叉项抑制能力的数值模拟,验证新的核函数对时延轴上的交叉项也能抑制。最后对实际地震数据进行了分频处理,在20 Hz低频剖面内的油气有利区表现为强能量显示,与井的钻遇结果一致。     

采用模糊C均值方法进行激光点云分类

LiDAR波形数据的分解可以获得地物的几何坐标属性和物理属性信息。基于几何特征的点云分类方法较多,而对于波形特征分类方法的研究较少。本文首先对全波形数据进行分解得到了振幅、波宽属性,并结合振幅邻域特征提取振幅方差,得到了具有3个属性的激光点云数据;然后采用模糊C均值聚类方法进行了激光点云数据的分割。试验使用Riegl vz-400激光扫描仪采集到的数据验证了算法的可行性,可成功将研究区域中的树木、地面、建筑等进行分类。     

橄榄岩-卤水反应实验生成富烷氢流体

<正>1研究目的(Objective)利用地球化学动力学实验室流动反应装置(国家发明专利)探索高温高压下水(卤水)与橄榄岩相互作用产出氢气和甲烷的生成机制。实验发现:400℃反应时释放很高浓度氢气和甲烷等可燃气,同时橄榄岩发生蛇纹石化。实验表明氢和甲烷可能来自地下深处,这是蛇绿岩与油气有关的实验依据。近年来发现:大西洋中脊的一些水热活动地区,热水与超镁铁岩石反应。喷口流体富含甲烷、氢和     

徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩裂缝与天然气成藏

徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩储层虽然发育大量气孔和原生裂缝,但是其连通性差,构造裂缝的发育程度决定了储层的优劣和成藏概率。为了阐明裂缝与天然气成藏之间的关系,首先,利用岩心、成像测井以及实验分析等资料对徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩储层裂缝的成因类型与特征、控制因素、分布规律及形成期次进行了研究,然后结合研究区烃源岩演化、气源断裂活动期次以及盖层封闭能力演化,讨论了构造裂缝与天然气成藏的关系。研究结果显示,徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩发育原生裂缝和次生裂缝,以次生构造裂缝为主。在平面上构造裂缝受断裂、岩性和岩相控制,在纵向上受不整合面控制,具有旋回性分布的特点。构造裂缝主要分三期形成,其中第二期形成时期(泉头组沉积末期-青山口组沉积时期)与烃源岩生烃高峰期相吻合,并且气源断裂处于活动期,盖层也具有很好的封气能力,为研究区主要成藏期。     

山东省平度莱西北部地区石墨矿地质特征及找矿靶区优选

平度、莱西是山东省石墨矿主要产地,形成的矿床数量多,规模大,出产的石墨片大质优。该文论述了区内成矿地质背景,总结了莱西南墅、平度刘戈庄、刘家寨、刘河甲等大中型石墨矿床矿体的形态、产状、矿石质量等地质特征,分析了成矿地质条件,开展了成矿规律研究,认为区内石墨矿是古元古代荆山群陡崖组徐村段地层中的有机碳受区域变质作用形成的,属于层控矿床,其控矿因素包括地层、混合岩化作用、区域变质作用和构造。圈定铁岭庄和阎村2处找矿靶区。     

Spatiotemporal evolution of urban land uses in modern urbanization of China

Taking social statistic data as basic data,this paper extended the meaning of urban land uses,highlighted the meaning of urban land uses in modern urbanization,which includes direct,indirect and induced land uses,quantitatively simulated the indirect and induced land uses by the substitution method of agricultural consumption and urban carbon emission and then,analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of urban land uses in China during 1952–2005 by spatial analysis tool of Geographic Information System. The results indicate that the area of urban land use in China had been increasing since 1952,showing an inversed pyramid structure,i.e.,the directthe indirectthe induced. Specifically,Chinese urban land use has changed from concentrated distribution in Northwest China to balanced spatial distribution,and the eastern coastal area is under great pressure. Moreover,the northeastern region has moved into the induced dominant stage,while the western region remains at the indirect dominant stage. Finally,it is proposed that in order to guarantee the future demand of urban land use in China,ensuring the induced land use in the eastern region should be taken as a priority goal of Chinese developing policy.