流域植被对径流调节作用的实验研究

根据河北省邢台市西部山区两个小流域实验站的水文监测资料,研究了不同流域内的不同植被对径流的影响。分析了流域植被对径流的年内分配、径流系数、削减洪峰以及枯季径流量等的影响。结果表明,流域植被对涵养水源、调节径流量、增大枯季径流量起到重要作用。     

Investigation and Assessment of Landslides and Debris Flows in Sichuan Province of China by Remote Sensing Technique

Taking TM images, ETM images, SPOT images, aerial photos and other remote sensing data as fundamental sources, this research makes a thorough investigation on landslides and debris flows in Sichuan Province, China, using the method of manual interpretation and taking topography maps as references after the processes of terrain correction, spectral matching, and image mosaic. And then, the spatial characteristics of landslides and debris flows in the year of 2005 are assessed and made into figures. The environmental factors which induce landslides and debris flows such as slope, vegetation coverage, lithology, rainfall and so on are obtained by GIS spatial analysis method. Finally, the relationships of landslides or debris flows with some environmental factors are analyzed based on the grade of each environmental factor. The results indicate： 1） The landslides and debris flows are mainly in the eastern and southern area of Sichuan Province, however, there are few landslides and debris flows in the western particularly the northwestern Sichuan. 2） The landslides and debris flows of Sichuan Province are mostly located in the regions with small slope degree. The occurring rate of debris flow reduces with the increase of the vegetation coverage degree, but the vegetation coverage degree has little to do with the occurrence of landslide. The more rainfall a place has, the easier the landslides and debris flows take place.     

2019年4月广州白云机场持续暴雨前对流层顶和平流层异常信号分析

利用欧洲中心ERA5再分析资料和广州白云机场自动观测系统降水资料,分析2019年4月白云机场持续暴雨前对流层顶和平流层的信号特征。分析发现,2019年4月中下旬,广州白云机场出现了3次持续时间长、降水量大的持续性暴雨过程,降水较往年同期显著偏多。研究结果表明,3次持续暴雨发生前,对流层顶高度出现了下降,平流层高位涡冷空气入侵,机场上空位涡升高;在环流场中,中低纬地区对流层顶和平流层东风偏强,向北和向下传播,广州白云机场终端区在暴雨发生前西风持续下传;广州白云机场上空暴雨发生前对流层顶至平流层位势高度正异常。暴雨发生前,平流层冷空气高位涡移入、对流层顶下降、西风的下传均有利于持续性暴雨的生成。     

新型城镇化条件下城市地质工作转型与发展方向

新型城镇化强调以人为本,更注重社会经济发展与资源环境的协调统一。在此背景下,城市地质工作需要转型发展,应围绕城乡一体、资源集约利用、生态宜居的发展战略,以地质环境评价、水土污染治理、地质灾害防治等作为工作重点,以期更好地为新型城镇化建设,提供有效服务和技术支持。     

上海岸带冲淤及对深水航道工程的影响

长江入海泥沙在复杂的河口地貌和水动力条件下,自然岸带的冲淤频繁多变,给沿海重大工程带来不利影响,成为上海地区重要的地质灾害种类。本文结合长江河口地区泥沙运移监测成果,分析了其对长江口深水航道工程的影响,为工程的日常维护与安全运行提供借鉴。     

Northward Shift in Landfall Locations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific during the Last Four Decades

This study analyzes landfall locations of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific during 1979–2018.Results demonstrate that the landfall locations of TCs over this region have shifted northward during the last four decades,primarily due to the shift of landfalling TC tracks,with the decreasing/increasing proportion of westward/northward TC tracks.In particular,the northward shift of the landfalling TCs was not related to their formation locations,which have not markedly changed,whereas"no-landed"TCs have significantly shifted northward.TC movement was significantly and positively correlated to the zonal component of the steering flow,while the correlation between TC movement and the meridional component of the steering flow was relatively unobvious.The westward steering flow in the tropical central Pacific that occurred around the formation and early development of the westward TCs was significantly weakened,which was unfavorable for their westward movement,thereby,causing the higher proportions of northward moving tracks.This weakened westward flow was related to the northward shift of the subtropical high ridge,which was caused by significant weakening of the southern part of the subtropical high.The vertical wind shear,sea surface temperature,and convective available potential energy also showed that the northern region of the western North Pacific became more favorable for TC development,whereas the upper divergence,low-layer relative vorticity,and accumulated water vapor content were not obviously related to the northward shift of TCs.     

Research on the Urban Influence Domains in China

Through research on the gravity model, the paper studies the geometric characteristics of urban influence domain and the principles for the change of urban influence domain along with the evolution of distance decay index, calculates the distribution of the gravitational field by using ARCGIS, establishes a spatial cluster system for the megalopolis in china, delineates urban influence domains by dissolving spatial features, and compartmentalizes China into 13 economic regions based on the megalopolis clusters and urban influence domains combining with the physical and economic locations. Major conclusions are: the distribution of urban gravitational field is the manifestation of regional unbalanced development; the spatial structure and characteristic of urban system can be studied through the distribution situation of urban gravitational field; the urban influence domains in China have not formed the mosaic structure of a standard regular hexagon; the economic region with weak urban gravitational field may be compressed by the region with stronger urban gravitational field.     

基于Wigner双谱对角切片的谱分解技术在油气检测中的应用

谱分解技术作为一种解释性处理技术得到了地质、地球物理工作者的广泛关注,如何有效地利用其分频显示功能进行油气检测也成为人们关注的一个焦点。利用Wigner高阶谱具有高时频聚集性的特点,提出了一种基于改进核函数的Wigner双谱对角切片的谱分解技术。即在分析指数型核函数与锥形核函数优缺点的基础上,给出了改进的新核函数,进而采用模糊域核函数滤波法抑制Wigner双谱对角切片的交叉项,并解决了Wigner双谱对角切片的模糊函数中心点校正问题。通过对新的核函数交叉项抑制能力的数值模拟,验证新的核函数对时延轴上的交叉项也能抑制。最后对实际地震数据进行了分频处理,在20 Hz低频剖面内的油气有利区表现为强能量显示,与井的钻遇结果一致。     

采用模糊C均值方法进行激光点云分类

LiDAR波形数据的分解可以获得地物的几何坐标属性和物理属性信息。基于几何特征的点云分类方法较多,而对于波形特征分类方法的研究较少。本文首先对全波形数据进行分解得到了振幅、波宽属性,并结合振幅邻域特征提取振幅方差,得到了具有3个属性的激光点云数据;然后采用模糊C均值聚类方法进行了激光点云数据的分割。试验使用Riegl vz-400激光扫描仪采集到的数据验证了算法的可行性,可成功将研究区域中的树木、地面、建筑等进行分类。     

突出河道砂体地质特征的地震保幅处理技术：以松辽盆地北部扶余油层为例

松辽盆地北部扶余油层的有效储层主要是河道砂体.由于河道砂体厚度薄（一般小于5 m）,砂泥岩波阻抗差异小,加之砂、泥岩薄互层叠置,使得河道砂体地震响应弱,特征不明显,地震识别河道砂体是难题.以突出河道砂体地质特征为目标,开展了河道砂体识别地震处理技术研究,形成了以相对保持振幅与波形特征的补偿处理、叠前提高分辨率处理为核心技术,以处理解释一体化和处理过程监控为手段的相对保持振幅、相位和波形特征的高分辨率处理技术和流程.河道砂体识别地震保幅处理技术在肇源南地区应用见到明显效果,分辨率比常规处理提高15-20 Hz,保真能力得到大幅度提高.应用于肇源南地区,扶余油层河道和点砂坝得到清晰成像,以此部署钻井验让,符合率达100%.