论基岩滑坡的临床聚能与启程弹冲

剧动式高速滑坡是一种大量存在于自然界中的地质灾害。本文以广家崖斜坡危岩体为例,对基岩滑坡的“临床聚能”和“启程弹冲加速效应”进行了理论分析和探讨。文中详细论证了斜坡岩体滑落破坏时所具有的“启程弹冲加速效应”,并提出了二维应力状态下的启程冲速度计算公式。 启程弹冲机理,主要是锁固段岩体内聚力作用和岩体聚集赋存弹性应变能释放的反应,弹冲速度与内聚力的大小有直接关系。岩体一旦剪断破坏,弹性应变能骤然释放,岩体表现出剧烈的弹性回冲,弹性应变能便瞬间转化为岩体滑动的弹冲动能。这便从理论上对高速滑坡提出了具有实际意义的新机理。     

COUPLED PHYSICAL-ECOLOGICAL MODELLING IN THE CENTRAL PART OF JIAOZHOU BAY Ⅱ. COUPLED WITH AN ECOLOGICAL MODEL

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｕｃｈｅｆｆｏｒｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅｔｏｗａｒｄｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｏａｓｔａｌｚｏｎｅ.Ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｅａｓｏｎａｌｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ(Ｒｉｌｅｙｅｔａｌ.,1949)ｗａｓａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｂｙｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｐｒｅｄａｔｏｒｐｒｅｙｉｎｔ…     

EFFECT OF FUTURE SEA LEVEL RISE ON DISASTROUS FLOODS IN THE TAIHU LAKE LOWER REACH DEPRESSIONS AND COUNTERMEASURES

Use of numerical simulation of the tidal flow of the Changjiang River Estuary and the HuangpuRiver to forecast flood in the Taihu Lake lower reach drainage system for the case of future sea level riseof 0.4 m and 0.8 m,and floods preventing and reducing methods are discussed in this paper.     

低纬子午环光轴变化的内涵和测定方法

叙述了子午环观测中测定和修正光轴变化或镜筒弯曲的必要性，简述了传统子午环的测定和修正方法，论述了低纬子午环引起光轴变化的因素和实时测定光轴变化的方法，讨论了在光轴变化测定值中的误差来源。     

Positron-Cyclotron Maser for the Core Emissions from Pulsars

We use the cyclotron-maser theory to explain the core emission from the magnetosphere of pulsars. As a kind of direct and efficient maser type of emission, it can give rise to escaping radiation with extremely high brightness temperature and narrow angle with respect to the magnetic axis. We find that the growth rates and real frequencies of the O-mode electromagnetic wave propagating parallel to the magnetic fields depend on the ratio of the plasma frequency ωp and the gyrofrequencyωb rather than the plasma frequency alone, as described by other models. The emission takes place in the region where the magnitude ofωp / ωb is 10-2. The corresponding altitude is about a few decades of neutron star radius, where the magnetic field strength is about 106 - 108 G. We find that the growth rates of the cyclotron maser instability change very sensitively with the ratio ωp /ωb,which is the function of radius r from the center of the neutron star. It results in a very steep radius-to-frequency mapping of radio emissions from the magnetospheres, thus a very compact emission region. A qualitative spectrum and a lower frequency cut-off of the radio emission could be obtained by this model. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于气候的概念及气候学与地理学的关系问题

本文包括以下内容:(1)从气候概念的历史源流、感性基础、气候与天气的关系及气候与地理的关系、气候形成过程五个方面论述了人类对气候认识的发展情况。(2)把现代气候的概念总结为:统计气候学、天气气候学、地理气候学和动力气候学四个方面。(3)在批判流行多年的鲁宾施晋和特洛兹多夫气候定义的基础上提出气候的新定义,即气候是宏观的大气物理过程。(4)明确指出气候学不是地理学的部门学科,它们在科学分类中是并列的。     

THE APPROACH TO REMOTE SENSING OF WATER VAPOR BASED ON GPS AND LINEAR REGRESSION Tm IN EASTERN REGION OF CHINA

The approach to remote sensing of water vapor by using global positioning systems(GPS) isdiscussed.In order to retrieve the vertical integrated water vapor(IWV) or the precipitable water(PW),the weighted "mean temperature" of the atmosphere,T_m would be estimated to the specificarea and season.T_m depends on surface temperature,tropospheric temperature profile,and thevertical distribution of water vapor.The surface temperature dependence is borne out by acomparison of T_m and the values of surface temperature T_s using radiosonde profiles of BeijingStation(No.54511) throughout 1992.The analysis of radiosonde profiles spanning a one-yearinterval(1992) from sites in eastern region of China with a latitude range of 20-50°N and alongitude range of 100-130°E yields the coefficients a and b of a linear regression equation T_m=a+bT_s.     

苏北东海榴辉岩氢氧同位素地球化学研究

研究了苏鲁地体西部东海地区超高压变质榴辉岩的氢氧同位素组成,得到绿辉石和石榴子石的δ＾１８Ｏ值变化较大（为－１０．４‰－＋４．８‰）,多硅白云母的δＤ值变化较小（为－１０４‰－－８３‰）不同矿物对之间达到保存了氧同位素平衡,得到了一致的同位素温度（６５０－７５０℃）,榴辉岩具有低至－１０‰和－１０４‰的异常δ＾１８Ｏ和δＤ值表明,岩石与极贫＾１８Ｏ和Ｄ的大气降水成因流体发生过氢氧同位素交换,同时排     

13.7米射电望远镜谱线观测系统的稳定性与观测时间的优化使用

本文介绍紫金山天文台青海13.7M毫米波射电望远镜谱线观测系统稳定性的测试,并讨论如何根据测试结果选择最佳观测模式与积分时间,以提高望远镜的使用效率。     

地震动触发滑坡体滑动的机理

论证并探讨了地震动触发滑坡体滑动的机理,认为地震时的坡体波动振荡在斜坡岩土体变形破坏过程中产生三种效应：累进破坏效应、启动效应和启程加速效应,并得出了一些既有理论研究意义,又有一定实际应用价值的论断。