The Chemical Composition of the Field Zero-Age Star HD77407

High-resolution optical spectra of the zero age star HD77407 are analysed and its Li, C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Co, Ni and Ba contents are determined using spectral synthesis method. The temperature of the star is determined by fitting the H α line wings. The parameters derived for this star are Teff=5900K, log g=4.47 and [Fe/H] = 0.07. It is found that the derived iron content is slightly higher than what is given in the published literature. This star shows a relative overabundances of Ca and Ba, and underabundances of Na, V and Ni with respect to the solar mix. Activity of the star is indicated by the filled in Hα and Ca II triplet line cores. It has been confirmed that our spectroscopic approach yields fairly reliable and consistent results for active stars.     

肥城市城市规划区浅层地温能开发利用适宜性评价

在充分收集基础地质、水文地质、地热地质等资料基础上,结合钻探施工、现场热响应试验测试、井温测量、实验室测试等手段,对奥陶纪碳酸盐岩类裂隙岩溶水水位埋深、水温展布进行了测量,确定水位埋深在65～75m,埋深最大者位于白云山公园南、沙窝社区西南一带,埋深达约100m。平面地温最高温分布于研究区西部,西大封—朱庄—金槐—冉庄村一带,温度达到18℃以上。对肥城市城市规划区浅层地温能开发利用进行了适宜性评价,地下水地源热泵适宜中等区位于大面积地区,适宜差区位于泰肥铁路以北、白云山公园、龙山公园、母猪山一带。地埋管地源热泵适宜中等区位于大面积地区,适宜差区位于白云山公园、龙山公园一带的生态保护区。肥城市城市规划区浅层地温能资源丰富、开采条件便利,潜力巨大,具有良好的发展浅层地温能的基础条件。     

A strategy for merging objective estimates of global daily precipitation from gauge observations,satellite estimates,and numerical predictions

This paper describes a strategy for merging daily precipitation information from gauge observations, satellite estimates(SEs), and numerical predictions at the global scale. The strategy is designed to remove systemic bias and random error from each individual daily precipitation source to produce a better gridded global daily precipitation product through three steps.First, a cumulative distribution function matching procedure is performed to remove systemic bias over gauge-located land areas. Then, the overall biases in SEs and model predictions(MPs) over ocean areas are corrected using a rescaled strategy based on monthly precipitation. Third, an optimal interpolation(OI)–based merging scheme(referred as the HL-OI scheme)is used to combine unbiased gauge observations, SEs, and MPs to reduce random error from each source and to produce a gauge—satellite–model merged daily precipitation analysis, called BMEP-d(Beijing Climate Center Merged Estimation of Precipitation with daily resolution), with complete global coverage. The BMEP-d data from a four-year period(2011–14) demonstrate the ability of the merging strategy to provide global daily precipitation of substantially improved quality.Benefiting from the advantages of the HL-OI scheme for quantitative error estimates, the better source data can obtain more weights during the merging processes. The BMEP-d data exhibit higher consistency with satellite and gauge source data at middle and low latitudes, and with model source data at high latitudes. Overall, independent validations against GPCP-1DD(GPCP one-degree daily) show that the consistencies between BMEP-d and GPCP-1DD are higher than those of each source dataset in terms of spatial pattern, temporal variability, probability distribution, and statistical precipitation events.     

经济途径对地缘政治格局的影响机制及其空间表现研究进展

随着中国崛起,世界主要大国将战略中心转移至亚洲并通过各种经济组织和经济联盟等经济途径重塑中国周边环境,由此导致中国周边地缘环境形势变得极其复杂。中国则通过共建“一带一路”、亚洲基础设施投资银行、金砖国家开发银行等经济途径化解。本文按照全球—区域—国家间的尺度,探讨了国际经济组织、经济联盟和国家间经济相互依赖等3种主要经济途径对地缘政治格局的影响机制及空间表现。结果表明：通过国家间经济依赖的不对称性改变各国权力大小,进而影响地缘格局中地缘体的权力分配,其空间表现主要为影响地区冲突和改变国家地缘空间影响范围。而国际经济组织和经济联盟则通过权力再平衡影响地缘政治格局,其空间表现主要为数量增长、交错分布和空间范围扩大。中国学者对如何通过经济途径增强地缘政治影响力、改善中国地缘环境的研究不够充分。中国作为崛起中的大国,应更为关注经济实力的增强对周边乃至世界地缘政治格局的影响。为此,应加强以下几个方面研究：①将经济相互依赖转化成为有效的地缘影响力;②利用国际经济组织和经济联盟拓展中国地缘政治空间;③“一带一路”空间走向及沿线国家;④多尺度经济途径影响效应分析;⑤运用定量模拟方法探求国家地缘影响力演变的影响因素以及驱动机制等,为中国的地缘战略提供理论支撑和研究实证。     

Estimating the Numbers and the Areas of Collapsed Buildings by Combining VHR Images,Statistics and Survey Data: a Case Study of the Lushan Earthquake in China

Accurately obtaining the structures and damage types of buildings in earthquake stricken areas is fundamental to supporting rescue forces and estimating economic losses and casualties. As the stricken areas are often much larger than the areas covered by very high resolution (VHR) images, the information obtained from VHR images cannot satisfy practical needs. This study developed a method for estimating the structures and types of damaged buildings by combining VHR images, statistics and ground survey data. First, the rates of damaged buildings with different structures and damage types were manually interpreted from VHR images covering a small part of the stricken area, and further corrected by ground survey data. Second, the corrected rates were reallocated to the seismic intensity zones. Third, the rates in the seismic intensity zones and the statistical data were combined to estimate the numbers and areas of damaged buildings in villages, towns and counties. The presented method was applied to estimate the damages caused by the Lushan earthquake in China. The results indicated that our method can efficiently estimate the amount of the damages and complement existing work on only automatic extracting damaged buildings from VHR images.     

Human settlement analysis based on multi-temporal remote sensing data: A case study of Xuzhou City,China

To evaluate urban human settlement, we propose a human settlement environment development index (HSEDI) model by choosing vegetation coverage, land surface temperature, impervious surfaces, slope, wetness, and water condition as the evaluation factors. We applied the proposed model to Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images from 1998 to 2010 and digital elevation model (DEM) data with a 30-m resolution were used to calculate the values of the six evaluation factors. The HSEDI value in Xuzhou City was found to be between 2.24 and 8.10 from 1998 to 2010, and it was further divided into five levels, uninhabitable, moderately uninhabitable, generally inhabitable, moderately inhabitable, and inhabitable. The best HSEDI value was in 2007. The generally inhabitable region was about 100.98 km², covering 30.87% of the total area in 2007; the moderately inhabitable region was about 170.58 km² covering 52.15% of the total area; the inhabitable region was about 32.03 km², covering 9.79% of the total area; the percentage of the uninhabitable region was zero; and that of the moderately uninhabitable region was very small, less than 1.00%. Moreover, we analyzed the habitability in the respect of spatial patterns and change detection. Results show that the degraded regions of habitability quality are mainly located in the urban fringe and the improved regions are mainly located in the main urban and rural areas. Reason for the degraded habitability quality is the rapid progress of urbanization. However, the increase in urban green spaces and the construction of the main urban area promoted the improved habitability quality. Besides, we further analyzed socio-economic and socio-demographic data to confirm the results of the habitability analysis. The results indicate that the human settlement in Xuzhou City is in a satisfactory condition, but some efforts should be made to control the possible uninhabitable and moderately uninhabitable regions, and to improve the quality of the generally inhabitable regions.     

Elastic wave velocity monitoring as an emerging technique for rainfall-induced landslide prediction

Landslides are recurring phenomena causing damages to private property, public facilities, and human lives. The need for an affordable instrumentation that can be used to provide an early warning of slope instability to enable the evacuation of vulnerable people, and timely repair and maintenance of critical infrastructure is self-evident. A new emerging technique that correlates soil moisture changes and deformations in slope surface by means of elastic wave propagation in soil was developed. This approach quantifies elastic wave propagation as wave velocity. To verify its applicability, a series of fixed and varied slope model tests, as well as a large scale model test, were conducted. Analysis of the results has established that the elastic wave velocity continuously decreases in response of moisture content and deformation, and there was a distinct surge in the decrease rate of wave velocity with failure initiation, soil deformation was thus envisaged to have more significant effect on elastic wave velocity than water content. It is proposed that a warning be issued at switch of wave velocity decrease rate. Based on these observations, expected operation of the elastic wave velocity monitoring system for landslide prediction in the field application is presented. Consequently, we conclude that the elastic wave velocity monitoring technique has the potential to contribute to landslide prediction.     

巴丹吉林沙漠降水稳定同位素特征与水汽再循环

了解沙漠降水稳定同位素特征,有助于研究干旱区水循环过程.根据2015-2016年取自巴丹吉林沙漠4个站点的降水样品,分析了δ2H、δ18O的时空分布特征及影响因素;借助后向气团轨迹模型分析了降水水汽来源;采用氘盈余模型计算了水汽再循环比.结果显示,降水δ2H、δ18O均表现出季节效应,夏高冬低;沙漠腹地较外围山区δ2H、δ18O偏正,d-excess偏负,反映出腹地降水的蒸发程度更高.年内降水主要来自西风水汽,夏季部分受东南季风影响.沙漠湖泊区再循环比为10.3%~10.9%,略大于山区的8.5%;再循环水汽在总蒸发量中占比11.1%,反映出沙漠强烈的蒸发对本地降水的贡献较为有限.