Comparison of infiltration models with regard to design of rectangular infiltration trenches

ABSTRACT

Guidelines for the design of infiltration trenches of rectangular cross-section are compared. Four concepts of infiltration into a native soil from linear soakaways of rectangular cross-section are discussed. The results of calculations using analytical equations are compared with numerical two-dimensional (2D) simulations using HYDRUS computer code and field measurements. Satisfactory agreement is achieved for Kozeny’s concept of infiltration and the free-surface approach, applied to a trench in a highly saturated sandy loam. Theoretical solutions, neglecting matric potential, suggest that the mean infiltration rate along the wetted perimeter of a rectangular trench varies in the range 1.0 to 1.5 of the value of saturated hydraulic conductivity.     

3D electrical resistivity inversion using prior spatial shape constraints

To minimize the number of solutions in 3D resistivity inversion, an inherent problem in inversion, the amount of data considered have to be large and prior constraints need to be applied. Geological and geophysical data regarding the extent of a geological anomaly are important prior information. We propose the use of shape constraints in 3D electrical resistivity inversion, Three weighted orthogonal vectors （a normal and two tangent vectors） were used to control the resistivity differences at the boundaries of the anomaly. The spatial shape of the anomaly and the constraints on the boundaries of the anomaly are thus established. We incorporated the spatial shape constraints in the objective function of the 3D resistivity inversion and constructed the 3D resistivity inversion equation with spatial shape constraints. Subsequently, we used numerical modeling based on prior spatial shape data to constrain the direction vectors and weights of the 3D resistivity inversion. We established a reasonable range between the direction vectors and weights, and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of using spatial shape prior constraints in reducing excessive structures and the number of solutions. We applied the prior spatially shape-constrained inversion method to locate the aquifer at the Guangzhou subway. The spatial shape constraints were taken from ground penetrating radar data. The inversion results for the location and shape of the aquifer agree well with drilling data, and the number of inversion solutions is significantly reduced.     

基于倾角中值滤波法的浅层反射地震叠前信噪分离技术

浅层反射地震资料中面波一般比较发育,对有效信号形成干扰,现有压制面波等相千干扰的处理手段主要适用于中深部、深部地震勘探,但并不适用于浅层反射地震资料的处理。为此提出了倾角中值滤波法。该方法是基于叠前地震单炮道集上反射波与强线性干扰在￡吨域视速度上的差异,在多组视倾角范围内,求取一个最佳视倾角,将最佳视倾角的振幅序列的中值视为相干干扰,利用“减去法”,达到信噪分离。通过模型与实际资料的处理,汪明该方法能够有效分离强线性干扰,并保留了强线性干扰的特性,提高了资料的信噪比,保真度高,是浅层高分辨率地震勘探的一种理想的叠前信噪分离技术。     

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宽北辽河群变形特征及其与矿产的关系

宽甸北部早元古宙地层在吕梁造山旋回期间,虽遭受了多幕构造变形,但现今可识别出的变形形迹有三幕:第一幕为北东东向紧闭同斜褶皱,属强塑性状态下的变形;第二幕为叠加在第一幕之上的北西向(310°—330°)紧闭相似或同斜褶皱及破劈理等,属准塑性状态下的变形;第三幕为叠加在前两幕之上的开阔相似褶皱、膝折及断裂等,属脆性状态下的变形。吕梁造山旋回不同变形幕的构造,对赋存在辽河群镁质碳酸盐岩中铅锌矿带及工业矿体起着不同的控制作用,其中第二变形幕是工业矿体形成的主要时期。     

平安县元石山低品位红土型铁镍(钴)矿的预处理—磁选富集

笔者在对前人选冶试验报告分析研究的基础上,参考国外同类矿床的有关资料,提出采用预处理(磁化焙烧-磁选)的方法,以使镍、钴等有用元素得到富集。所得精矿由于镁、钙等杂质含量很低,其对后续镍(钴)提取工艺(火法或湿法)的干扰可降低到最小。由于精矿量只有原矿量的10％～15％,可大幅度降低矿山冶炼设备投资,减少矿石处理量,明显降低生产成本,提高企业的经济效益。     

鲁西前寒武纪岩石地层清理意见

本文简述了鲁西前寒武纪地层清理意见，其一，鲁西前寒武系厘定为中太古代沂水岩群、晚太古代泰山岩群、早元古代济宁岩群及晚元古代土门群四个群级岩石地层单位；其二，晚太古代亲山岩群雁翎关组之下建立盂家屯岩组；其三，将晚元古代土门群浮莱山组厘定为砂岩夹页岩组合，石旺庄组厘定为含砂质灰岩、灰岩、白云岩组合。     

江蓠新品种培育

目前我国人工栽培江蓠分为两种主要方式:一是在半咸淡水塘中地播栽培细基江蓠繁枝变种,种苗容易解决,栽培方法简单,产量较高,但琼胶含量低;另一种是在浅滩上用浮筏式夹苗栽培真江蓠、细基江蓠、龙须菜等,培养种苗较麻烦,且产量较低,成本也较高,但琼胶含量高,质量也较好。为取两者的优点,我们把细基江蓠繁枝变种和细基江篱进行杂交,得出了杂交种。实验室培养结果表明,杂交种的琼胶含量介于两者之间,能在半咸淡水中正常生长。初步认为是一个适合于半咸淡水塘中栽培的优良品种,很有发展前途。     

阿拉善东七一山大型萤石矿床萤石钐-钕同位素年龄及地质意义

为了查明东七一山矿床的形成过程 ,对主矿体中的 5件萤石样品进行了钐_钕同位素测定 ,所获得的等时线年龄为 (5 11± 5 )Ma和MSWD值为 0 .10。此外 ,14 3 Nd/ 14 4Nd初始比值为 0 .5 1176 0± 5 (2σ)和 εNd(t)为 - 4.2±0 .5 (2σ)。依据上述同位素分析数据 ,同时结合容矿围岩和矿体的地质特征 ,可以推测 ,东七一山萤石矿床是加里东期构造_岩浆活动的产物。成矿热液来源与壳源岩浆结晶分异作用有关。该矿床属侵入岩为主岩的中高温热液萤石矿床     

以“新经济”为鉴 发挥好后发优势

发挥后发优势，实现生产跳跃式发展，是我国特别是中西部地区加快重要战略方针，为发挥好后发优势，应当研究“新经济”所昭示的新趋势和新经验，研究实现跨越式发展的规律性，客观和主观条件，理清思路，采取一些特殊措施，尤其是突出“第一生产力”的地夹和作用。