A system of monitoring and dimensioning tunnel support

Summary In this paper a general numerical approach is proposed for the identification of loads acting on tunnel linings made by shotcrete, as a temporary lining, and concrete as a permanent one so as to form a system of monitoring and dimensioning these linings. This method requires a set of in situ displacement measurements of shotcrete layer for back calculation, and the constitutive relationship of the structural materials which are shotcrete, and concrete here is assumed to be linear elastic. The advantage of this method is that it avoids those complicated characteristics of rock masses and the loads from back calculation can reflect the combinative effects of rock surrounding the tunnel. An example was demonstrated for this method.     

一次酸性大暴雨分析

酸雨是当代世界上面临的主要环境问题,并已成为人们普遍关注的公害之一。近年来,我国各地区对大气污染和降水化学成分的分析表明,我国南方地区酸雨出现的频率大大高于北方地区。由于城市工业区排出的二氧化硫、氮氧化物等污染物,不只污染城市空气,而且可随着气流输送到很远的距离。加之污染物可以作为凝结核,在云滴、雨滴形成的时候,就可能具有酸的因素。云内的成雨过程,以     

The Model YSZ-2 Rock Acoustic Emission Apparatus

The design principles of a rock acoustic emission remotemeasuring, automatic control, and time-recording system developed for the research of the basic properties of rock mechanics and field monitoring and measurement of rock engineering projects are reported in this paper. The working principles and structures of the seven unites of the system have been described in detail. The results of monitoring and measurement accomplished by the system are also evaluated. Laboratory and field practices have demonstrated that the system possesses satisfactory application effects.     

Dynamic response of a pile embedded in a porous medium subjected to plane SH waves

In this paper, the frequency domain dynamic response of a pile embedded in a porous medium subjected to SH seismic waves is investigated. The surrounding porous medium of the pile is described by Biot’s poro-elastic theory, while the pile embedded in the porous medium is treated as a beam and described by a beam vibration theory. Using the Hankel transformation method, the fundamental solution for a half-space porous medium subjected to a horizontal circular patch load is established. According to the fictitious pile methodology, the second kind of Fredholm integral equation for the pile is established in terms of the obtained fundamental solution and free wave field. The solution of the integral equation yields the dynamic response of the pile to plane SH waves. Numerical results indicate that the parameters of the porous medium, the pile and incident waves have considerable influences on the dynamic response of the pile and the porous medium.     

天津市地震前兆台网主页的建立

介绍了天津市地震前兆台网主页框架结构与流程,主页设计思路,并对主页一些主要功能进行了介绍。包括与分布式网络数据库相关的主页联动菜单的制作,前兆数据的显示与下载、输出到EXCEL,前兆数据曲线图的绘制,网页之间传递数据等。     

海南岛东部海域滨珊瑚Sr/Ca比值温度计 及其影响因素初探*

文章采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)的方法测定了1986~1996年海南岛东部海域滨珊瑚的Sr/Ca比值,建立了该海域月分辨率的Sr/Ca海水表面温度计方程:SST(℃)=170-16 (mmol/mol),n = 133,r=0.80,p=0.01, 此与韦刚健等在西沙海域建立的温度计方程:SST(℃)=169-16.7 (mmol/mol)一致,这表明南海中、北部海域也出现有相似的微量元素温度计。此外,文章还分析了在某些年月份SST的实测值和计算值出现的显著差别,探讨了可能造成的海洋气象环境因素。     

The effects of the last glacial paleo-aeolian sands on desertification in northern China

In this paper, nine sediment sequences in the inner desert, desert-loess transitional zone (agro-pastoral transitional zone) and the northern margin of the Loess Plateau were investigated to study the sediments of Mu Us (Maowusu) and Otindaq (Hunshandake) sandy land in northern China since the last glaciation. All of these sequences consisted of the upper Holocene dark paleosol and the lower aeolian sand formed during the last glacial stage. The Mu Us and Otindaq sandy land became the active desert since the last glaciation and covered a larger sandy area than at present. Mu Us sandy land began to show a landform of sandy desert and expanded southward towards the northern boundaries of the Loess Plateau. The Holocene was characterized by the advent of warmer and wetter climatic conditions in northern China, resulting in the rapid growth of surface vegetation and Mu Us and Otindaq sandy land became a steppe. The thickness of surface soil reached up to as much as 50–80 cm. Thick paleosol covered the drift sands, and served as a protective layer for the steppe and farmland. Although the last glacial cycle is far away, paleo-aeolian sands formed during that period are still the material sources of regional desertification. Unreasonable cultivation destroying the Holocene paleosol, combined with dry climate and strong wind would result in activation of paleo- aeolian sand leading to the desertification of the study areas.     

时间结构变异分析法在伽师-巴楚震群序列中的应用研究

1997～2003年新疆伽师-巴楚地区发生了包含27次5级以上地震的罕见强震群活动。震群活动分别经历了1997、1998和2003年3个不同强度的地震时段。在不同时段内的5级以上地震前,地震活动均出现过不同程度的增强-平静变化。为了有效界定序列丛集(增强)-平静变化的前兆意义,寻找临震预测的时间判据,本文从地震活动过程的非线性特征入手,分析研究震群序列的时间结构特征,判定发震系统的随机性大小,确定当前序列的变异程度,进而预测序列未来的发展趋势。以震群活动区附近的喀什地震台记录的序列目录为资料,以序列中MS≥5地震为起点,以下一个5级以上地震为终点,分段统计分析地震序列的时间结构关系。主要结果为:①序列绝大部分5级以上地震前,时间变异系数均有不同程度的异常显示。②在定义δ≈1之后的10天之内,震群中发生5级以上地震的可能性很大。③时间变异系数有3种类型,即持续变异、单点变异、无变异。④5级与6级地震前的δ值变化过程相似,其值域大小没有明显区别。在震群型序列中,依据δ≈1无法准确界定当前序列的属性(前震序列还是余震序列)和判定后续震级,只能判断序列中可能会发生5级以上地震。⑤序列临界丛集性质是分层次的。只有在某一震级时,序列才会出现临界丛集变异状态。⑥时间变异系数有明确的物理意义。当地震活动出现丛集-平静现象之后,它可以清晰地描述发震系统的随机状态,进而有效界定这种丛集-平静变化是否具有前兆意义。在地震频次衰减基本正常(h>1)且无突出的丛集-平静状况下,通过时间变异系数也可以发现序列的异常变化。反之,在震群活动晚期,当出现许多地震平静现象之后,即使在h<1的状态下,时间变异系数也并未出现异常显示,这表明δ值诊断法具有较好的普适性。     

Debris flow hazard assessment at Dongmatun Village in Laomao mountainous area of Dalian,Northeast China

After a heavy and continuous rainfall from July 27 to 28, 1981, geological disasters involving large debris flow affected the northern part of Wafangdian City and Pulandian City in Dalian, northeast China, and caused considerable loss of life and property. In recent years, precipitation has continued to increase significantly in Dalian, where the largest debris flow gully, named the Dongmatuncun main ditch, is situated. The Dongmatuncun main ditch is 2 km away from the north side of the right bank of the Fudu River in Wanjialing, Wafangdian City. The geomorphological and hydrological conditions, combined with the characteristics of the debris flow solid source, are conducive to debris flow development. Moreover, with an increase in rainfall, debris flow recurrence becomes increasingly likely. We study the debris flow gully in Dongmatun Village by analyzing the formation conditions through field survey. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process are used to evaluate the risk of debris flow. Results indicate that the debris flow gully in Dongmatun Village is highly dangerous and debris flow occurs during heavy rainfall. In addition, the breakout of debris flow can threaten human life and property.