中国海外投资项目的凑组模式研究——以中老铁路为例

“一带一路”倡议提出以来,中国海外项目投资的广度、深度及力度都在不断拓展。凑组理论将所有事物视为复杂关系的动态演变,因而从发展过程及成员关系的角度探究不同海外投资项目的凑组模式,能解构项目凑组中的复杂性并减少不确定性,对于提高项目的风险规避能力、运营能力和盈利能力具有十分重要的意义。基于凑组理论,本文构建中国海外投资项目凑组的理论框架,并以中老铁路为例解析凑组模式。研究表明：① 海外投资项目可以通过技术、产业和市场等价值关联进行凑组,因而中国企业的海外投资可以采用“以一带多,核心集聚”的方式。② 海外投资项目的类型和领域越多样越广泛,项目凑组越完整越稳定。③ 凑组所形成的空间形态取决于项目的空间分布与项目间的价值关系,中老铁路表现为“走廊”式空间形态。④ 中老铁路具备形成项目凑组的条件,但后期技术需求的不确定及相关产业下游项目投资的缺乏,使中老铁路建设带来的延伸市场缺乏项目支撑。     

Rare earth element geochemistry of the molybdenum-bearing granitoids in the Jinduicheng-Huanglongpu district,Shaanxi Province,northwest China

Located in the Luonan county, Shaanxi Province, northwest China, Jinduicheng, Shijiawan and Huanglongpu molybdenum deposits constitute the most important molybdenum mineralized district in China. Among these three deposits, the Jinduicheng and Shijiawan molybdenum deposits are connected spatially and genetically with granitoid porphyry (124 ± 6 Ma, K-Ar biotite), and consist of disseminated-veinlet ores. Geochemical studies of rare earth elements (REE) furnish further evidence for understanding the rock- and ore-forming processes of these two porphyry molybdenum deposits and their related granitoid rocks. The REE distribution in molybdenum ore, granitoids and their Middle Proterozoic meta-volcanic wall rocks is discussed. The similarities between the REE signatures of the Shijiawan molybdenum-bearing monzogranite porphyry and the neighbouring Laoneushan monzogranite (130 ± 5 Ma, K-Ar biotite) show that they were produced at the same evolutional stage of granitoid magma derived mainly from crustal anatexis. The Shijiawan biotite monzogranite porphyry may be an apophysis of the Laoneushan granitoid batholith. Compared to the Shijiawan monzogranite porphyry, the Jinduicheng molybdenum-bearing granite porphyry is characterized by a high content of HREE, and depletion in LREE. The unique REE patterns indicates that the molybdenum-bearing granite porphyry was formed by thermogravitation diffusion of a granitoid magma. The slight depletion of REE abundance in the altered granitoid porphyry and meta-volcanic wall rocks shows that leaching of REE occurred during breakdown of the primary mineral assemblage, and crystallization of secondary minerals. The high REE content of molybdenum ore represented re-deposition of the mobilized molybdenum and REE.     

中国黄土高原红粘土环境磁学研究进展

黄土高原地区的红粘土沉积序列蕴含着晚新生代气候变化和高原隆升的信息.最近的研究表明,红粘土与上覆的黄土-古土壤序列具有相似的磁学性质,用环境磁学的方法可以成功地提取红粘土中的古环境、古气候信息.文章评述了近年来红粘土环境磁学研究所取得的一系列进展,对黄土高原红粘土的磁学性质、磁学参数的古环境意义以及红粘土磁化率所记录的米兰科维奇气候周期和东亚夏季风的演化历史等问题进行了回顾和讨论.     

大兴安岭成矿带大型银多金属矿区域地球化学预测指标

如何利用地球化学填图数据来预测大型矿是当前面临的一个重要课题。文中利用大兴安岭地区1∶20万区域化探扫面数据和1∶100万中蒙边界地球化学填图数据进行综合研究。发现1∶100万地球化学编图圈定的地球化学省与矿集区存在十分密切的关系,1∶20万地球化学编图圈定的区域地球化学异常与大型矿存在对应关系。以大兴安岭3个大型银铅锌矿为例建立了预测大型矿的地球化学指标。大型银多金属矿具有Pb、Zn、Ag 等3个以上元素异常在空间上相套合;异常具有3层以上套合结构,即地球化学省（>500 km2）包裹区域异常（>100 km2）,区域异常包裹局部浓集中心（n×10 km2）;标准化综合异常下限大于4.5,异常衬度大于2.0。     

基性-超基性侵入岩中-大比例尺专题地质填图实践——以塔里木板块东北部坡北岩体为例

目前,1∶5万地质填图规范中缺少对基性-超基性侵入岩填图方法的系统总结。以塔里木东北部坡北基性-超基性岩体为例,开展专题地质填图实践,在岩体地质、地球物理、遥感和地球化学综合调查的基础上,建立了科学问题、地质填图、矿床预测相结合的填图方法。将坡北基性-超基性岩体作为一个岩浆序列,根据岩浆性质与含矿性特征划分为2个岩浆亚序列,5个岩浆单元,分别对应不同的岩性组合。与岩浆亚序列相对应存在2类岩浆矿床,其中赋存铜镍矿化的岩相主要为橄榄岩相,含磁铁矿、钛铁矿的岩相主要与辉长岩、辉长苏长岩、辉石岩相有关。从野外踏勘、实测剖面等多个角度探讨了基性-超基性侵入岩1∶5万专题地质填图的方法,为此类工作提供了有益探索。     

地方院校师范生教材分析能力评价与现状分析——以地理科学专业为例

教材分析能力是师范生专业技能之一,文章选取教材分析能力指标,采用专家打分法构建评价量表,通过对某地方院校地理专业师范生实训报告的诊断,揭示师范生教材分析能力现状,发现存在以下问题:课标解读缺乏深度,忽视其对教学的指导作用;对教材重难点把握不准,分析缺乏依据;对教材知识内在逻辑与外部联系分析不到位,欠缺对教材学科思想方法的分析意识与能力;对教材表述结构及教学意图的分析较为薄弱。     

宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区土壤养分5年变化

测定了宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区2013、2018年沙柳（Salix psammophila）群落、油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）群落、锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla + C. korshinskii）群落和长芒草（Stipa bungeana）群落142个样点的土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量,分析了土层20 cm处5年间土壤养分的变化。结果表明：从2013年到2018年,整个保护区土壤有机质显著增加52.46%,土壤全氮显著增加154.14%,土壤全磷增加21.75%;油蒿群落57个样点土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量的增加量高于整个自然保护区,土壤有机质显著增加57.64%,土壤全氮显著增加323.50%,土壤全磷显著增加33.58%。5年来宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区土地沙漠化得到了逆转,同时土壤养分的变化也开始影响植物群落的波动。     

Implications of diurnal variations in land surface temperature to data assimilation using MODIS LST data

Based on the Beijing Climate Center's land surface model BCC_AVIM(Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model), the ensemble Kalman filter(En KF) algorithm has been used to perform an assimilation experiment on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) land surface temperature(LST) product to study the influence of satellite LST data frequencies on surface temperature data assimilations. The assimilation results have been independently tested and evaluated by Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS) LST products. The results show that the assimilation scheme can effectively reduce the BCC_AVIM model simulation bias and the assimilation results reflect more reasonable spatial and temporal distributions. Diurnal variation information in the observation data has a significant effect on the assimilation results. Assimilating LST data that contain diurnal variation information can further improve the accuracy of the assimilation analysis. Overall, when assimilation is performed using observation data at 6-hour intervals, a relatively good assimilation result can be obtained, indicated by smaller bias(2.2 K) and root-mean-square-error(RMSE)(3.7 K) and correlation coefficients larger than 0.60. Conversely, the assimilation using 24-hour data generally showed larger bias(2.2 K) and RMSE(4 K). Further analysis showed that the sensitivity of assimilation effect to diurnal variations in LST varies with time and space. The assimilation using observations with a time interval of 3 hours has the smallest bias in Oceania and Africa(both1 K); the use of 24-hour interval observation data for assimilation produces the smallest bias(2.2 K) in March, April and July.     

细基江蓠浅海浮筏式一年两茬栽培试验

作者在同一海区进行了一年两茬的细基江蓠浅海浮筏式夹苗栽培,使每亩栽培面积的年产量达309公斤干品,并探讨了一年多茬栽培的技术问题,指出了浅海浮筏式夹苗栽培江蓠的途径。     

Magnetic energy buildup in a quadrupole field by photospheric shear motion

Using a two-dimensional, dissipative magnetohydrodynamic model, this paper presents a numerical simulation of the magnetic energy buildup in a quadrupolar field by photospheric shear motion. When electric current density is larger than a certain critical value, an anomalous resistivity is introduced in order to account for the dissipation caused by instabilities in high current regions. It is shown that like a bipolar field, a quadrupolar field can efficiently store magnetic free energy through photospheric shear motion. Electric current formed by shear concentrates on the separatrix and magnetic loops rooted in areas where the shear velocity gradient is large. The atmosphere is heated by anomalous resistive dissipation during the shear. Both magnetic and thermal energy increases nonlinearly with shearing displacement. When the anomalous resistivity increases or the critical current density decreases, the growth rate reduces for magnetic energy but goes up for thermal energy.