江南造山带西段冷家溪群沉积地质特征及构造属性探讨

江南造山带西段的重要组成部分冷家溪群中可识别出浊积岩相、深海相两种类型沉积相,属活动类型沉积建造。临湘地区冷家溪群的沉积物扩散指向南,物源应来自北方的古老基底;而沅陵地区冷家溪群的沉积物扩散指向东或东北方向,物源应来自西或西南方向古老基底。沉积岩骨架颗粒统计结果表明,石英含量占44%~87%,且主要为单晶石英,而长石含量占5%~20%,岩屑含量占6%~42%,火山岩屑极少见,冷家溪群的物源为再旋回造山带。地球化学特征分析表明,冷家溪群形成的构造环境为活动大陆边缘。综合分析冷家溪群的物源、骨架颗粒特征及其构造环境,冷家溪群的原型盆地为周缘前陆盆地。     

不同降温速率约束下橄榄石晶体形态演变及其地质意义

基于控制降温速率的动力结晶实验,对五大连池老黑山钾质玄武质熔岩的冷却结晶过程中橄榄石晶体形态随降温速率变化动力学演变进行了研究。实验研究表明,老黑山钾质玄武岩的熔融温度发生在1 022 ℃～1 260 ℃之间,峰值为1 166.3 ℃～1 186.5 ℃;实验产物主要由橄榄石和玻璃质组成,新生的橄榄石晶体形态差异较大,有针状骸晶、铁轨状骸晶、羽毛状雏晶、细长条状和粒状微晶。橄榄石晶体的生长、尺寸和形态、分布和实验产物的结晶程度与降温速率之间存在着密切关联。随着降温速率的变慢,橄榄石从针状（0.075 ℃ /min～0.5 ℃ /min）、铁轨状（0.075 ℃ /min～0.5 ℃ /min）、放射状与羽毛状（0.046 8 ℃ /min～0.075 ℃ /min）、细长条状（0.062 5 ℃ /min）等晶体演变为粒状微晶（0.03 ℃ /min）;同时,岩石的结晶程度逐渐增强,橄榄石晶体尺寸逐渐变大、自形程度逐渐变高,玻璃相和气孔逐渐减少。这种新生橄榄石形态的变化与降温速率的内在关联性,对认识老黑山熔岩流固结的动力结晶机制、熔岩流的运动机制有一定科学意义。     

Application of multivariate statistical approach to identify heavy metal sources in sediment and waters: a case study in Yangzhong,China

Multivariate statistical approach is used to identify the sources of heavy metals (Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb, U, V, and Zn) in surface water and freshly deposited riverine sediment samples in Yangzhong city, China. The metal concentration data for the water and sediment samples are reported in terms of basic statistical parameters and metal-to-metal correlations. In both surface water and sediment samples, significant correlations are observed between some metals. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis distinguishes factors of lithogenic and anthropogenic origin. Bismuth, Cd, Co, and Pb (Co only for water samples) contents are controlled by the regional lithogenic high background factor; Co, Mn, U, and V (Co only for sediment samples) are interpreted to be mainly inherited from soil parent materials, while Cr, Zn, and Mn in the two kinds of samples are recognized as the tracer of industrial pollution. Obvious similarity between factor loadings of the two kinds of samples is observed, evidencing that metal variability in the two kinds of samples is controlled by the same sources. Statistical analysis agrees with discussion based on background value and field survey of point-source pollutant affected sediment, making this statistical discussion more convincing.     

Elemental and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry on detrital sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains

Systematic results of major and trace element geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry on detrital sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Triassic in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains are presented. The rocks are classified into greywackes or feldspar sandstones, grains of which are the mixtures of mafic rocks, felsic rocks, and quartz+calcite. Total rare earth elements (REE) contents of the rocks increase gradually and negative Eu anomalies become more obvious from Precambrian to Triassic, which may indicate intensifying crustal anatexis. Tectonic setting was stable during the Late Paleozoic, therefore there are obvious negative Ce anomalies. Nd model ages are between 1.6 Ga and 2.4 Ga, which are very similar to those of the Yangtze craton, South Qinling and North Qinling belts and quite different from those of the North China craton. Therefore, provenance of the sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains was the Yangtze craton and/or the Qinling orogen, which evolved on the basis of the Yangtze craton. The correlation between provenances and tectonostratigraphic strata of the western Yangtze craton shows that the source materials should be primarily from Neoproterozoic. Secondary sources were Archean and Paleoproterozoic strata. Triassic clastic sedimentary rocks contain Late Paleozoic mantle-derived materials, represented by the Emeishan Permian flood basalts. Spatial distribution of initial Nd isotopic compositions indicates that denudating areas were in the east and the north and depositing areas of deep water were in the west and the south for the Ganzi-Songpan basin during Triassic. Translated from Geology in China, 2006, 33(1): 109–118 [译自: 中国地质]     

红层泥质砂岩隧道进口段注浆加固及效果评价

以江西某红层软岩隧道为背景对注浆加固进行分析。该隧道进口段的围岩揭示为破碎程度高、完整性差、地下水发育。在考虑工程实际的基础上,确定以小导管预注浆和全断面径向注浆为主的注浆加固方案。依据理论和经验公式确定相关的注浆参数。通过现场监测对注浆效果进行了详细评价。监测结果表明:注浆在衬砌外部形成了较为稳定的注浆圈,降低了围岩的遇水软化程度,提高了围岩强度,减小了围岩的渗透系数,拱顶沉降及围岩收敛最终趋于稳定。隧道右边墙围岩破碎程度高,同时拱顶围岩注浆效果欠佳,建议施工中加强对右边墙和拱顶的支护。     

甘肃辉铜山铜矿床燕山期钾长花岗岩的发现及其地质意义

文章对辉铜山铜矿床内的钾长花岗岩进行了岩石化学分析、钕同位素测量和高精度的40 Ar/ 3 9Ar法年龄测定。结果表明 ,钾长花岗岩的形成时代为 (192± 3)Ma ,相当于燕山早期 ,它们具有A型花岗岩的特征 ;成岩物质来自地幔 ,并遭受了地壳物质的混染。岩浆侵位可能与本区在燕山早期发生的陆内伸展有关     

吉林省松江盆地下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征及油气勘探前景

吉林省松江盆地油气勘探程度很低。通过松江盆地下白垩统长财组和大砬子组的系统取样与多项地球化学指标测试,详细评价了该区烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等各项指标。初步得出:松江盆地面积虽小,但巨厚的下白垩统沉积盖层中,大砬子组二段烃源岩发育,有机质丰度高,类型较好,且主要处于成熟阶段,具有较好的生烃能力;区内长财组和大砬子组一段发育储集层和盖层,形成了以上生下储为主的有利生储盖组合条件,具有一定的油气勘探前景,是松辽盆地外围油气勘探的较有利目标区。     

四川盆地及其周缘下古生界页岩气保存条件研究

页岩气的勘探表明,页岩含气已成为一个不争的事实,但是含气的规模以及是否具有工业价值需要进一步研究。与美国相比,中国页岩气具有独特的地质条件,页岩气保存条件可能是中国南方下古生界页岩气勘探研究的重点。文中以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界下寒武统和上奥陶统-下志留统页岩层系为研究对象,从物质基础、构造作用和演化历史、地层水条件、盖层及其微观性质、天然气组分和压力系数等几个方面对页岩气的保存条件进行研究,并综合分析各种指标,提出页岩气保存条件综合评价指标体系,以期对四川盆地及其周缘下古生界页岩气勘探提供更进一步的参考资料。     

苏州花岗岩中钽矿化机理的研究

苏州花岗岩岩体中稀有元素含量远高于克拉克值,在岩体中Ｔａ／Ｎｂ比值从下向上逐渐升高,边缘相中Ｔａ含量要比内部相高出４～５倍,氧同位素分析表明边缘相样品δ１８Ｏ的亏损是受到雨水交换作用的强烈影响。综合考察苏州花岗岩边缘相的雨水交换与富集稀有元素的岩浆体系之间的关系,可以认为苏州花岗岩在演化结晶至晚期时,在顶部和边缘与雨水热液作用,导致岩浆物理化学条件改变,使稀有元素络合物发生解体,从而发生Ｔａ矿化作用。     

西藏搭格架热泉型铯矿床地质特征及形成时代

文章在野外第四纪地质与地貌调查的基础上,系统研究了搭格架矿床的地质特征,并以U系法的全溶法和等时线法为主要手段,查明了矿床的成矿时代。根据泉华在野外的分布特征,将其分为6套。第Ⅰ套为灰白色钙华;第Ⅱ～Ⅵ套为硅华,主要矿物为胶状和粒状蛋白石。硅华在长马曲河流阶地的位置分别为:第Ⅱ套,T5;第Ⅲ套,T4;第Ⅳ套,T3;第Ⅴ套,T2;第Ⅵ套,T2。泉华形成于5个阶段:403～202kaB.P.;99kaB.P.;39～25kaB.P.;17～4kaB.P.;现代。