碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例

通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。     

一种面向选址的低功耗远程电源控制和视频监控系统设计与实现

天文选址是天文研究的重要组成部分。在野外无人环境下,如何最大程度地确保望远镜正常工作是当前天文选址的迫切需求。实现了一套可以应用于野外天文定点选址情况下通过网络进行远程电源开关控制的电源控制系统,并可以根据需要实现视频图像的采集与现场状态监控。系统采用低功耗、低成本、高性能的S3C2440处理器为核心的ARM9开发,内嵌Linux操作系统,采用RS485总线与电源开关电路控制模块通信;通过OV9655的COMS摄像头采集视频。系统基于B/S构架,直接使用浏览器进行远程控制与监控,实现远程设备供电、断电复位、紧急情况强切,远端现场状态监控。此外,系统在自主望远镜维护上也有较好的应用价值。     

Magnetic characteristics of surface sediments of Liaodong Bay,China

Analysis of magnetic properties of marine surface sediments has been gradually proved to be one of the effective means for researching the source of marine sediments. In this paper, samples from 39 sit...     

Morphotectonics and tectonic processes of the Southwest Indian OceanEI北大核心CSCD

The Southwest Indian mid-ocean ridge (SWIR) is an ultraslow spreading ridge. Based on the submarine bathymetric data, we develop a new division principle on submarine morphotectonics and subdivide the SWIR into the seven-order tectonic geomorphologic units. Taking its submarine morphotectonics in the middle segment and adjacent seafloors of the mid-ocean ridge between Discovery II and Gallieni transform faults as a sample, this paper systematically analyzes its tectonic evolution, segmentation, segmentation and propagation mechanism, the formation of the central rift valley, the ridge-plume interactions, and the ocean ridge jumping. The results showed that the mid-ocean ridges can be divided into four three-order morphotectonics units (i.e., one-order segments of mid-ocean ridge), from west to east, which are separated by the Andrew Bain, the Prince Edwards, the Discovery II, and the Gallieni transform faults, respectively, corresponding to ridge landforms associated with a strongly hotspot-affected ridge, a weakly hotspot-affected ridge, and a normal ultraslow spreading ridge. Each segment can be further subdivided into three or four secondary segments. This paper focuses only on the segmentation and division from fourth-order to seventh-order morphotectonics units between the Discovery II and the Gallieni transform faults (i.e., the fourth-order morphotectonics unit of mid-ocean ridges can be subdivided into other three secondary units). Here the seventh-order morphotectonics unit consists of segments of laterally-aligned rifts (shear zone), en echelon rifts, and other transverse-faulting structures. The mid-ocean ridge segment experienced three oceanic ridge jumping at about 80 Ma, 60 Ma and 40 Ma, respectively, which were affected by the Marion and Crozet hotspots, or the Madagascar Plateau, etc. The oceanic processes of the SWIR are related to the Gondwana breakup, and its tectonic processes has been analyzed in detail as the periodic pull-apart extension, domino-style half-graben, graben subsidence, oceanic core complex, etc. in axial mid-oceanic ridge since 20 Ma. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

工业构件密集点云数据与CAD模型的配准

针对工业构件人工检测安装效率低的问题,该文提出基于三维激光扫描的点云数据与CAD模型的配准方法。该方法是预先在两模型中找出公共点进行粗配准,把粗配准后的两模型用迭代最近点(ICP)算法进行精确配准,并通过提取公共特征点进行匹配的精度检测。实验表明,通过该方法实现了点云与CAD模型的配准,有效地提高了工业逆安装效率。     

山东数字测震台站台基背景噪声分析

介绍了山东数字地震台网基本情况,计算了40个测震台站台基背景噪声,利用Welch方法计算噪声功率谱密度（PSD）,进而计算地震台台基1—20 Hz地动噪声均方根值（RMS）和有效动态观测范围。根据计算结果,依照《地震台站观测环境技术要求》,对山东测震数字台网40个参评测震台站进行背景噪声级别分类,并分析不同台站背景噪声水平较低的原因,以期为测震台网的优化建设提供数据支持。     

Late Pleistocene to Holocene record of changing uplift rates in southern Calabria and northeastern Sicily (southern Italy, Central Mediterranean Sea)

A combination of published and new radiometric dates on uplifted Holocene fossil beaches from northeastern Sicily and southern Calabria (southern Italy) is compared with the altitude of the inner margin of the Last Interglacial (LIg) (Late Pleistocene, 124 ka) and older marine terraces in order to gain a regional-scale outline of uplift rates and their temporal changes in a region which is one of the fastest uplifting sectors of the Central Mediterranean Sea. Late Holocene radiocarbon dates from Ioppolo (southern Calabria) and Ganzirri (northeast Sicily), two newly discovered sites are here presented for the first time. The Holocene uplift rates are highest at St. Alessio and Taormina in eastern Sicily (2.4 mm/y) and at Scilla in southwestern Calabria (2.1 mm/y), two sites located across the Messina Straits and which separate the island of Sicily from mainland Italy. Uplift rates decrease towards the south and north from this centre of uplift. Late Holocene uplift rates show an apparent increase of between 64 and 124% when compared with the longer-term uplift rates calculated from the LIg highstand terraces. Furthermore, we discovered that the locations of fastest Late Pleistocene and Late Holocene uplift rates spatially coincide. To what extent the Holocene increase in uplift rates results from incomplete elastic strain release along the major extensional faults which frame the seismotectonic of the area, or indicate a true change in regional tectonic processes, is not resolved. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of uplift, with a well-defined centre that crosses the Messina Straits, and its persistence at different time-scales indicates a tight connection between wider regional processes and fault-related displacement in controlling crustal instability in this area.     

人为扰动对陆面水分能量的影响——以沩水河流域为例

以沩水河流域为例,基于陆面模式CLM4.5,建立了综合考虑作物种植、地下水开采及灌溉等人类活动的流域陆面水文模型。利用所发展模型,针对1981~2012年,取500 m空间分辨率,探讨人为扰动对陆面过程的影响。研究表明:1）地下水侧向流使得中下游地区地下水位有所提高,平原地下水埋深分布在4 m左右,山区埋深可达到几十米;模拟的叶面积指数较静态MODIS叶面积指数偏大1左右,由此使得种植区月蒸腾量提高约10 mm,土壤蒸发和地表产流有所减少;在灌溉作用下,作物叶面积指数略增长,蒸散发稍有提高,而在假设水稻采用漫灌的情况下,水库灌溉补偿了作物生长产生的水消耗,提高了该区域土壤湿度,增加潜热通量;研究区地下水开采存在但其水文效应并不显著。2）土地覆盖变化自1990年有较大变动,1990~2000年以林地为主,2000年后以耕地为主,其中,1990~2000年土地覆盖类型变化不明显,2001~2012年耕地面积呈先减少再增加又减少的趋势,林地面积则先增加再减少又增加,耕地与林地在2012年所占比例基本持平;同一土地类型内,植被类型变化较为明显,导致陆面水文模拟结果差异较大。     

利用不同植被指数估算植被覆盖度的比较研究

选用蔬菜地和草地2种植被类型,利用ASD光谱仪实测二者在不同覆盖度下的光谱响应,分析了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、差值植被指数(DVI)、比值植被指数(RVI)、修正植被指数(MVI)、修改型土壤调节植被指数(MSAVI)以及全球环境监测植被指数(GEMI)等6种植被指数所用的最佳波段及其组合,进而研究了利用像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度时的不同植被指数的表现.结果表明,与蔬菜地植被指数相关系数较高的波段组合为620 ～ 740 nm谱段和780 ～ 900 nm谱段内波段的组合,与草地植被指数相关系数较高的波段组合为620 ～750 nm谱段和760 ～900 nm谱段内波段的组合,相关系数均达0.8以上;在高光谱数据构建的植被指数和模拟卫星数据构建的植被指数中,用DVI和MSAVI估算植被覆盖度,平均总体精度分别达到83.7％和79.5％,与其他4种植被指数相比,这2种指数更适合于利用像元二分模型进行植被覆盖度的估算.