真核藻质粒状DNA的研究进展

已在绿藻,红藻与硅藻等真核藻中发现有质粒状ＤＮＡ,其结构一般是环状或线状的双链ＤＮＡ小分子。结藻与硅藻的质粒状ＤＮＡ中有可读框架,某些ＯＲＦ有转录活性或与已知基因有明显的同源性,表明藻类质粒状ＤＮＡ是一种功能活跃的新型基因组。研究还发现质粒状ＤＮＡ是有用的分子分类标记,同时也是藻类基因工程潜在的载体。     

Coal facies evolution of the main minable coal-bed in the Heidaigou Mine,Jungar Coalfield,Inner Mongolia,northern China

The No. 6 Coal-bed from the Heidaigou Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia is a super-large Ga deposit. The dominant carrier of Ga is boehmite in coal. The study of coal facies may provide genetic enrichment information of Ga and its carrier (boehmite) in the Ga deposit. On the basis of study on coal petrology and mineralogy, it was found that the No. 6 Coal-bed from the Heidaigou Mine of Jungar was enriched in inertinites and the microlitho-types were dominated by clarodurite. The maceral morphological features and association indicate that the coal-bed was formed in a dry sedimentary environment or in a periodic dry sedimentary environment caused by the alternating variations of groundwater level. The optimum conditions for the enrichment of Ga and its particular carrier (boehmite) were dominated by four transitional conditions: (1) the upper delta plain which was the transitional zone between alluvial and lower delta plains, (2) the transitional zone between the dry and wet forest swamps, being slightly apt to the dry one, (3) the transitional tree density between the thick and loose ones, and (4) the low moor that was the transitional zone between two high moors during peat accumulation.

     

Integrated edge detection and terrain analysis for agricultural terrace delineation from remote sensing images

ABSTRACT

Agricultural terraces are important for agricultural production and soil-and-water conservation. They comprise treads and risers that require manual construction and maintenance. If managed improperly, risers will collapse, causing soil loss, gully erosion, and cultivation threats. However, mapping terrace risers remains a challenge. This study presents a novel approach to automatically map terrace risers by combining remote sensing images and digital elevation models (DEMs). First, a terraced hillslope was extracted via a hill-shading method and edges in the image were detected using a Canny edge detector. Next, the DEM was used to generate the contour direction, and edges along this direction were searched and coded as candidate terrace risers via directional detection. Finally, the results of directional detection and the edge image obtained from the Canny detector were overlaid to backtrack complete terrace risers. The approach was validated using four study areas with different topographic characteristics in the Loess Plateau, China. The results verify that the approach achieves outstanding performance and robustness in mapping terrace risers. The precision, recall, and F-measure were 90.81%–97.57%, 88.53%–94.10%, and 90.13%–95.80%, respectively. This approach is flexible and applicable with freely available images and DEM sources.     

Accelerated continental-scale snowmelt and ecohydrological impacts in the four largest Siberian river basins in response to spring warming

River runoff from the four largest Siberian river basins (the Ob, Yenisei, Lena, and Kolyma) considerably contributes to freshwater flux into the Arctic Ocean from the Eurasian continent. However, the effects of variation in snow cover fraction on the ecohydrological variations in these basins are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the spatiotemporal variability of the maximum snow cover fraction (SCF_max) in the four Siberian river basins. We compared the SCF_max from 2000 to 2016 with data in terms of monthly temperature and precipitation, night-time surface temperatures, the terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA), the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and river runoff. Our results exhibit a decreasing trend in the April SCF_max values since 2000, largely in response to warming air temperatures in April. We identified snowmelt water as the dominant control on the observed increase in the runoff contribution in May across all four Siberian river basins. In addition, we detected that the interannual river runoff was predominantly controlled by interannual variations in the TWSA. The NDVI in June was strongly controlled by the timing of the snowmelt along with the surface air temperature and TWSA in June. The rate of increase in the freshwater flux from the four Siberian rivers decreased from 2000 to 2016, exhibiting large interannual variations corresponding to interannual variations in the TWSA. However, we identified a clear increase trend in the freshwater flux of ~4 km³/year when analysing the long-term 39-year historical record (1978–2016). Our results suggest that continued global warming will accelerate the transition towards the earlier timing of snowmelt and spring freshwater flux into the Arctic Ocean. Our findings also highlight the effects of earlier snowmelt on ecohydrological changes in the Northern Hemisphere.     

New apatite fission track evidence from the northern Qiangtang terrane reveal two‐phase evolution of central Tibet

The growth of central Tibet remains elusory, albeit important in evaluating different topographic growth models accounting for the Tibetan Plateau development. Thermochronological records in the northern Qiangtang terrane (QT) provide valuable information for investigating the cooling and exhumation history in central Tibet. New apatite fission track data, assisted by inverse thermal modelling, reveal two stages of accelerated cooling. The Early Cretaceous cooling is related with refrigeration of the QT and exhumation probably induced by crustal shortening. The Eocene‐Oligocene renewed cooling reflects the far‐field contraction after the onset of the India‐Asia collision and Cenozoic crustal shortening deformation in the QT, coupled with thermal relaxation and transient lithospheric removal. Our data support models indicating that Cretaceous crustal shortening produced a thickened crust in the QT, whereas the present‐day elevation was established during Eocene‐Oligocene due to crustal shortening, continental subduction and lithospheric delamination.     

Impact Analysis for Safety Prevention and Control of Special-Shaped Shield Construction Closely Crossing Multiple Operational Metro Tunnels in Shallow Overburden

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - With the improvement of the urban rail transit network, crossing construction has become an inevitable situation in the construction of subway tunnels. The...     

基于广义Winkler弹性地基梁理论的梯形渠道冻胀力学模型

寒区渠道衬砌冻胀破坏现象普遍,而渠道的防冻工程设计大多依赖工程实践经验和定性认识,具有一定的随意性和盲目性,对衬砌结构所受的冻胀力计算缺乏简明、合理的方法。考虑冻土与衬砌的相互作用和冻土地基的连续性,基于广义Winkler地基梁理论并结合有限差分法,推导了渠道衬砌板冻胀挠曲线微分方程,建立了梯形渠道冻胀力学模型,给出了衬砌渠道法向冻胀力及切向冻结力的计算方法。同时,考虑渠道衬砌冻胀破坏的极限承载力以及冻胀过程中坡脚上抬位移对实际冻胀力的削减和释放效应,避免了冻胀力及衬砌结构内力计算值过大。为验证模型的合理性,以甘肃省靖会总干渠梯形渠道为研究对象,对其进行冻胀破坏计算。结果表明：模型由于考虑了衬砌结构与冻土间的相互作用,渠道衬砌板法向冻胀力呈非线性分布,修正了工程力学模型线性分布假设;与工程力学模型相比,冻胀力数值在坡脚处增大、跨中减小、底板上增大,计算结果更符合工程实际。研究提出的冻胀力学模型科学合理,简便快捷,具有更好的通用性,可为寒区渠道的抗冻胀设计提供参考。