鲁东南地区"2004.07"大暴雨中尺度分析与数值模拟

对2004年7月16、17日出现在临沂市的大暴雨过程的进行中尺度分析,应用 MM5v3.6 非静力中尺度模式,用美国 NCEP 再分析资料作初始场,采用双向三重嵌套模式,进行高分辨的数值模拟.分析揭示了这次大暴雨的天气尺度背景和中尺度系统的发生和发展的结构及演变,结果表明高低空急流的有利配合为暴雨过程提供环境条件,大暴雨出现在高空西风急流轴线出口区与低空西南风急流轴向出口区北侧之间;数值模拟看出在强降水产生时,雨区上空存在较强的中-β尺度系统,该系统有强而窄的垂直上升运动、上下垂直的辐散辐合结构,强烈的对流不稳定,在对流层低层还存在对称性不稳定.低空急流提供充沛的水汽,并通过强而窄的上升运动向高层输送.     

“地理素养与测绘技能”双驱动的GIS专业大学生创新能力培养模式的探索

在信息技术快速发展和万众创新、大众创业的时代背景下,创新与创新人才已成为国家发展的重要推动力,创新教育和创新人才培养成为高校的重要任务。本文以武汉大学地理信息科学（GIS）专业为例,结合专业特点和优势,探索了"地理素养、测绘技能"驱动下的GIS专业大学生创新能力的培养模式和"厚基础、重知识、强技能"的贯通式培养途径。围绕创新人才培养和成长的内在因素和外部条件,从人才培养方案与课程体系、创新型教师团队与新型教学方法、教学科研创新平台与创新条件、创新人才发展评价与激励机制等4个方面开展了创新型发展探索。结合实践表明,本模式取得了显著的创新成果,产生了良好的示范辐射作用。     

冷式和暖式切变线暴雨多普勒雷达资料对比分析

利用临沂新一代天气雷达(CINRAD/SC)观测资料和 MM5 模式产品及 Micaps 常规资料,具体分析了2005年9月20日和2006年7月3日发生在临沂市的冷式和暖式切变线暴雨到大暴雨过程的异同.分析表明两种切变线暴雨雷达回波都表现为和切变线走向一致的积层混合云降水云系,有较大范围,长度远大于宽度,对应于切变线成带絮状回波,最大回波强度相同,移速慢等特点.由于冷、暖式切变线结构上存在差异,冷式切变线暴雨低层有明显的东北气流冷垫,物理量场由低到高向北倾斜,加强了其动力上升运动;水汽输送依赖于对流层中层的西南急流,雨强的增大和高空急流的向下发展有关系.暖式切变线物理量场呈垂直分布,高低空配置利于上升运动维持,暴雨的水汽输送不仅依赖于对流层中层的西南急流,还依赖于低空西南急流,雨强的增大和中高空急流风速辐合中心的建立有关.结构的不同表现在雷达回波上不同特点为冷式切变线强回波单体或短带位于切变线南侧,而暖式切变线强回波单体或短带基本位于切变线雨带的中间.     

上海软粘土微观特性及在土体变形与地面沉降中的作用研究

对上海软粘土的颗粒及集合体成分、孔径分布、微结构、孔隙溶液与阳离子交换性作了分析 ,对固结前后的孔径变化与人工回灌对土体性质可能带来的影响作了探讨 ,从物理化学角度阐述了软粘土微观特性对土体固结变形及地面沉降的影响.     

Seasonal variability in free-living marine nematode community structure in a sandy beach of the Taiping Bay of Qingdao, China

Nematode assemblage composition, trophic structure and biodiversity were followed over an annual cycle in a sandy beach of the Taiping Bay of Qingdao, China. Nematode assemblage in the sandy beach maintained a high genus diversity （75 genera）. Mlero- laimus and Bathylaimus were the dominant genus of the nematode assemblage, accounting for 66% of the total nematode abundance. The nematodes＇ dominant trophic structure changed seasonally as a response to the seasonal changes in food quality. Epigrowth-feeder nematodes （2A） were the dominant trophic groups in the trophic structure with the highest abundance in spring because of phytoplankton bloom, while the feeding type （ 1 B） showed higher abundance in summer that was due to the increasing of sediment detritus after spring bloom. Furthermore, species diversity and evenness calculated on nematodes identified to the genus level displayed significant temporal changes, which was also reflected by the index of trophic diversity. According to the cluster analysis, the nematode community structure of the whole year was clearly separated into two periods （A and B）. Biota-Envlron- ment matching （BIOENV） results showed that seawater temperature, sediment Chl a and grain size were responsible for the nema- tode community structure variation in spring and summer period （Period A）. However, seawater/interstitial water temperature, interstitial water dissolved oxygen concentration,interstitial water salinity, and sediment Ph a a were more important in constructing the autumn and winter period （Period B） nematode community structure.     

藏北双湖地区上三叠统肖茶卡群的重新厘定及其地质意义

在双湖地区肖茶卡一带上三叠统肖茶卡群中发现2套砾岩，根据岩石组合、生物化石和界面特征，以2套砾岩为标志层。将原肖茶卡群分解为3个组级岩石地层单位，由下至上分别为肖切堡组、角木茶卡组和日干配错组。从岩石地层、生物地层和层序地层方面阐述了3个组级地层单位的特征和划分的意义。     

上海地面沉降研究综述

对上海50余年的地面沉降研究工作进行了回顾与初步总结。     

Neural network–based prediction methods for height of water-flowing fractured zone caused by underground coal mining

Low-Ca clinopyroxene crystal of pigeonite composition has been discovered in the Tchabal Mbabo volcano massif of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), a long a     

Comparative study on in vitro transformation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in different shellfish tissues

Dissected tissues of three shellfish species,the Chinese scallop,Chlamys farreri,Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,and Razor shell,Solen strictu were evaluated for in vitro transformation of paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP) toxins. Tissue homogenates were incubated with extraction from toxic algae Alexandrium minutum to determine toxin conversion. The effects of heating and addition of a natural reductant(glutathione) on toxin conversion were also assessed. The toxin profile was investigated through high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection(HPLC-FLD) . The evident variations in the toxin content were observed only in Chinese scallop viscera homogenates. The concentration of GTX4 was reduced by 45%(approximately 0.8 μmol/dm 3 ) and 25%(approximately 1 μmol/dm 3 ) for GTX1,while GTX2 and GTX3 increased by six times(approximately 1 μmol/dm 3 ) and 3 times(approximately 0.3 μmol/dm 3 ) respectively. Simultaneously,the total toxicity decreased by 38% during the 48 h incubation period,the final toxicity was 20.4 nmol STXeq/g. Furthermore,heated Chinese scallop viscera homogenates samples were compared with non-heated samples. The concentration of the GTX4 and GTX1 was clearly 28%(approximately 0.53 μmol/dm 3 ) and 17%(approximately 0.69 μmol/dm 3 ) higher in heated samples,GTX2 and GTX3 were four times(0.66 μmol/dm 3 ) and two times(0.187 μmol/dm 3 ) lower respectively. GSH(+) Chinese scallop viscera homogenates samples were compared with GSH(-) samples,the concentration in the GTX4 and GTX1 was 9%(approximately 0.12 μmol/dm 3 ) and 11%(approximately 0.36 μmol/dm 3 ) lower respectively,GTX2 and GTX3 was 17%(approximately 0.14 μmol/dm 3 ) and 19%(approximately 0.006 μmol/dm 3 ) higher respectively. In contrast,there was a little change in the concentration of PSP toxins of Manila clam and Razor shell tissue homogenates. These observations on three shellfish tissues confirmed that there were species-specific differences in PSP toxins transformation. PSP toxins transformation was more pronounced in viscera tissue than in muscle tissue. PSP toxins was possibly interfered by some carbamoylase enzyme,and the activity in Chinese scallop viscera tissue is more remarkable than in the other two species.     

青岛近海秋季大型底栖动物群落特征

利用2007年10月在青岛近海进行的大型底栖动物定量采集样品,采用大型多元统计分析软件PRIMER,研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落的物种组成、生物量和丰度分布、群落等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)以及群落受污染扰动情况。本次调查共获得青岛近海大型底栖动物160种,其中多毛类93种,甲壳动物37种,软体动物16种,棘皮动物7种,其它类群动物7种。群落中优势种的优势度均不明显,以多毛类巴氏钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)和长须沙蚕(Nereis longior)贡献率最高。生物量和丰度空间分布没有明显的规律性,呈斑块状分布。群落结构聚类分析表明,15个取样站的群落结构相似性程度都非常低,为10%~30%,仅有S2和S4站、S11和S12站Bray-Curtis相似性系数达到30%。ABC曲线表明,该研究海域处于1个轻度人为扰动的状态。