简单海-气边界层模式中的埃克曼流动Ⅰ——无限深海的情形

近十余年来,海洋和大气相互作用这一课题日益受到人们的关注。从海-气边界层结构以及通过海面的物理量和化学量输送机制的研究到大尺度海洋和大气相互作用的研究都取得了可喜的成果。此外,还从海洋和大气相互作用的观点探索了风暴潮预报的新的可能途径^[2]。然而,由于问题的复杂性,通过海面以及海-气边界层的物理量的小尺度输送机制迄未得到澄清,企图从本质上改善大尺度海洋和大气相互作用的理论是不现实的。     

李口集区块煤储层地质条件及煤层气采收率

基于煤田勘探资料和矿井实际观测结果,结合测试分析和数值计算,对平顶山矿区李口集区块煤储层地质条件进行了研究。结果表明：区块内主煤层的煤体结构破坏严重,小型裂隙发育但连通性较差,含气量中等且属于低压煤储层,煤层气采收率偏低,地面原位开采的难度较大。为此,建议该区块的煤层气开发以矿井抽采为主,并在煤矿采动带和采空区辅以合理的地面抽采工程。     

中国优质环保型炼焦煤的评价及资源量等级

我国炼焦煤资源丰富，但优质炼焦煤一直处于短缺局面。根据全国已有煤质数据分析，从优质（主要考虑挥发分指标）、环保（主要考虑硫分和灰分指标）两个方面结合有害微量元素含量，将炼焦煤划分为四种类型，确定了优质环保型炼焦煤资源的评价步骤，对全国五个赋煤区优质环保型炼焦煤的资源量等级进行了统计分析。     

Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Belog Co area, Qiangtang, northern Tibet, China： Petrochemical evidence for partial melting of the mantle-crust transition zone

Neogene volcanic rocks in the Belog Co area, Qiangtang, northern Tibet, are represented by a typical intermediate-basic and intermediate alkaline rock association, with latite-trachyte as the main rock type. The results of chemical analysis are: SiO2=52%–62%, Al2O3>15%, Na2O/K2O>1 and MgO<3.30%. In addition, the volcanic rocks are LREE-enriched with LREE/HREE=10–13, (La/Yb)N=15–19, and show a weak negative Eu anomaly with δEu=0.71–0.89. The close relationship between Mg# and SiO2 and the co-variation of the magmatophile elements and ultra-magmatophile elements such as La/Sm-La and Cr-Tb indicate that this association of volcanic rocks is the product of comagmatic fractional crystallization. The rock association type and lower Sm/Yb values (Sm/Yb=3.23–3.97) imply that this association of volcanic rocks should have originated from partial melting of spinel lherzolite in the lithospheric mantle. On the other hand, the weak negative Eu anomaly and relative depletion in Nb, Ta and Ti reflect the features of terrigenous magma. So the Neogene Belog Co alkaline volcanic rocks should be the result of partial melting of the special crust-mantle transition zone on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

吉林蛟河地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的Sr-Nd-Hf-Os同位素特征与岩石圈地幔时代

吉林省蛟河市境内大石河新生代玄武岩中含有丰富的地幔橄榄岩包体,详细的岩石学与矿物学研究显示,这些包体的主要岩石类型为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩-方辉橄榄岩,未发现石榴石橄榄岩.岩相学及地球化学资料显示它们都是经历过熔体抽取而形成的岩石圈地幔残留.矿物平衡温度计算发现,本区的这些地幔橄榄岩包体来自地下40～60km深度,且下部以二辉橄榄岩为主,而上部以贫单斜辉石的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩为主,显示明显的岩石圈地幔分层现象.Sr-Nd-Hf同位素资料反映这些地幔包体均表现为亏损性质,而Re-Os同位素资料确定上述岩石圈地幔形成于中元古代,明显老于上覆地壳的新元古宙时代,反映壳幔年龄上的解耦.因此我们推测,该区曾经历过华北克拉通类似的早期岩石圈地幔的整体丢失事件,然后形成于其它地区的中元古宙岩石圈地幔在本区增生.     

由构造分段求震级的历史回顾

回顾了由构造分段求震级的方法的发展及特点,介绍了由构造分段过渡到震级的两种定量方法,并就“方法” 中的有关问题做了进一步解释.     

水在地震前兆中的意义

在地震预报过程中,发现有二种地震类型。一种是地震前前兆特别丰富,另一种地震是地震前兆很少。很显然第一种地震类型较易于预报,而第二种类型,预报相当困难。为什么同样的浅源地震,其前兆的差异如此大呢?我们认为这与震源顶部及其外围地壳浅层中水的丰富程度有着密切的关系。前者,震源顶部层内水、汽比较丰富,而后者,水汽很不丰富。在临近地震前,震源区及其外围的介质变形将传递到震源顶部,致使震源顶层(一般为沉积     

Research on the regionalQ values of coda waves for the aftershocks in Luquan,Yunnan of 1985

Based on the scattering coda model by which local and regional earthquakes are interpreted (K. Aki, 1969), and using observational coda data of 68 aftershocks of the 1985 Luquan, Yunnan earthquake registered by the VGK seismographs installed at 12 stations in the Yunnan regional short-period network, theQ-values of coda waves are calculated respectively for 6 time intervals. It is observed that within the frequency range of 0.40–1.65 Hz of the observed data, theQ-values are closely related with the frequencies and the calculated codaQ ranges between 80–240 with the coefficient of frequency dependence η=0.45. The calculated source factorsB(f> _p) of the coda waves which indicate the scattering strength are mostly within the order 10^?23–10^?24. Areas with lowQ-values present high scattering. It should be noted that by comparing data obtained before and after the Luquan earthquake, clear changes can be detected in theQ-values measured at stations close to the epicentral region, and that theQ-values of the aftershock coda are less than about one half of the pre-shock values. It may be mentioned that the time-dependent regional variations of theQ-values might possibly bring about practical significance in earthquake prediction. Moreover, aftershock focal parameters are determined. Through discussions on the quantitative relations between the focal parameters, we get: 1gE=1.59M _L+ 11.335;E=(2.10 × 10^?5)M ₀; length of focal rupturea=0.40?0.80 km for 3.0≤M _L<5.0 events; stress drop Δσ=(6.0–130) ×10⁵ Pa. Through interpretation of the data, we have also learned the important characteristics that there is no linear relation between the stress drops and the earthquake magnitudes.     

腾冲火山及邻区速度结构的三维层析成象

利用１９８４～１９９８年新间期间发生在腾冲火山及邻区３０个台站记录的数知个地震的Ｐ波资料,采用地震层析成象法重建了腾冲火山及邻区地壳、上地幔不同深度的三维速度结构层析成象图。结果给出,在腾冲火山区下面地壳内约３～９ｋｍ存在低速带,扰动量达－２０％;１０～１５ｋｍ深度为高波速带,扰动量达７．３％;１６～２４ｋｍ深度为低波速带。扰动量达－９．１％;２５～４０ｋｍ为波速带,扰一达１０％;大于莫霍面深度（     

Disector自动测量及其三维可视化系统

本文介绍了自行开发的解决Diseetor应用问题的计算机图像处理软件系统及关键技术、算法。本系统能依照Disector原理对多层组织细胞的电镜及光镜图像中的目标进行正确的分割,各层之间图像的人工交互及自动配准。针对每个目标的上下层关系实现目标的Disector自动计数及参数计算,并对每个目标进行体数据的提取和三维重建显示,通过切片级表面重建出曲面表面,再借助OpenGL的显示功能把曲面显示出来。使用Disector分析系统对多种粒子(细胞等)进行三维分析,可以简化寻找新出现粒子的过程,克服切片采集过程中的形变,在统计分析之后,立体地观察粒子结构,能够使操作者从繁琐的手工操作中解脱出来。自动统计新出现的粒子。文中同时还给出了用该系统对小白鼠神经细胞个数的Disector分析,肾小球个数统计分析和三维重建显示实例。