Numerical and experimental studies on flow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons

In this study numerical simulations and water tank experiments were used to investigate the flow and pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon. Two types of canyon geometry were tested. The studies indicate that in a step-up notch canyon （higher buildings on the downstream side of the canyon）, the height and shape of the upstream lower buildings plays an important role in flow pattern and pollutant dispersion, while in a step-down notch canyon （lower buildings on the downstream side）, the downstream lower buildings have little influence. The studies also show that the substitution of tall towers for parailelepiped buildings on one side of the canyon may enhance the street ventilation and decrease the pollutant concentration emitted by motor vehicles.     

青藏高原中部土壤热传导率参数化方案的确立及在数值模式中的应用

本文针对模式发展的需要, 在Farouki土壤热传导率参数化方案的基础上, 综合Johansen和Côté的参数化方案, 发展了一个用于青藏高原中部的土壤热传导率参数化方案, 用“全球协调加强观测计划之亚澳季风青藏高原试验计划(CAMP/Tibet)”中那曲布交(BJ)站实际资料对该方案进行了检验, 并将它用于公共陆面模式(CoLM)中, 对青藏高原那曲地区进行了单点数值模拟试验. 结果表明: 在未冻结及冻结土壤中, 新方案比Farouki方案计算的土壤热传导率小, 更接近实测值. 加入新方案的CoLM模式对土壤温度模拟的准确性比原模式有一定的提高.     

渤海湾盆地石炭二叠系烃源岩的沉积控制

运用地球化学等分析测试手段，研究了渤海湾盆地石炭二叠系烃源岩的展布及其沉积控制、有机质特征、有机相及生烃潜力，认为：苏桥一文安地区、黄骅坳陷的南皮凹陷和沧东凹陷等地区为沉积中心；泻湖、潮坪和泛滥平原较好的控制了烃源岩的发育；对研究区山西组和太原组划分出了5种沉积有机相，其中以深沼芦苇沉积有机相和流水沉积有机相形成的烃源岩最好，主要以生油和生气为主。     

Source and remediation for heavy metals of soils at an iron mine of Ulsan City,Korea

Ulsan mine produced the iron ore minerals of magnetite, arsenopyrite, and scheelite in 1992, and serpentine was developed from 1977 to 2002. The soils of the mine were contaminated by heavy metals such as As, Zn, Ni, and Cd. Heavy metals of Ni and Zn came mostly from serpentinite, and As was derived mainly from arsenopyrite in the scan-type iron ore body. As, Zn, and Ni were major contaminants, but Cd was a minor contaminant on a basis of Korean standard. The heavy metals in the deep depth (>?5 m) came from the host rocks, and those in the shallow depth (<?5 m) were derived from the organic–mineral complexation soil. The remediation plan was a soil washing for highly contaminated soils and the containment of clay materials for less contaminated soils. Even though the remediation methods were successful, the continuous monitoring and the analysis of monitoring data are still necessary for the conservation of soil and groundwater around the study area.     

宁夏热量资源气候变化的EOF特征

对宁夏20个测站1961-2004年大于等于0℃、5℃、10℃积温的EOF分析表明,随着全球气候变暖,宁夏积温增加,生长季延长。大于等于0℃、5℃积温的时空变化基本一致,1997-2004年表现为连续偏多的趋势。20世纪80年代中期以前,大于等于0℃积温偏少,之后偏多。大于等于5℃积温转折时间推迟到90年代中期,之前积温偏少,之后相反。大于等于10℃积温分两种,60.1%的年份表现为整体偏多或偏少,31.6%的年份以中宁、盐池一线为分界线,南北表现为相反的趋势。生长季具有明显的年代际变化特征,生长季呈逐渐延长的趋势,每10年增加3.8天,尤其是进入21世纪以来,头4年的平均值比20世纪60年代增加14.9天。     

The abundance of CH3D in the atmosphere of Titan,derived from 8- to 14-μm thermal emission

The 8.6-μm emission feature of Titan's infrared spectrum was analyzed using the Voyager temperature-pressure profile. Although both C₃H₈ and CH₃D have bands at that wavelength, we show that CH₃D dominates the observed emission on Titan. We derived a CH₃D/CH₄ mixing ratio using this band and the strong CH₄ band at 7.7 μm. The corresponding D/H ratio is 4.2_?1.5⁺² × 10^?4, neglecting deuterium fractionation with other molecules. The main uncertainty in this value comes from the continuum emission characteristics. The D/H ratio is apparently significantly enhanced on Titan with respect to published values for Saturn.     

CTL—88B型天气雷达数字天线控制系统电路分析及故障检修

尽管现代化的飞行器性能、机载设备、通讯导航技术得到高度发展,但气象条件仍然是影响飞行和造成飞行事故的重要因素。对低云和雷雨的探测更是航空气象保障的重要内容。本文作者就新建南京禄口国际机场装配的CTL－88B型天气雷达的无线控制系统布线分散、控制保护环节多、运行功率大、故障率相对较高的特点,对如何能快速检测、修理随机故障,确保安全飞行所需的气象探测信息,结合实际工作经验,总结分析了天控系统总体框图、电路检修原理图等。由此,可根据故障现象对电路进行原理分析,测量主要检测点的动、静态参数,诊断故障部件和种类,并提供了常规故障检测的例子,从而极大地提高了排除故障的准确性和时效性,为飞行气象保障工作赢得了时间。     

Assessment of butyl- and phenyltin pollution in the coastal environment of Korea using mussels and oysters

Butyl- and phenyltin residues in bivalves were quantified around the coast of Korean peninsula in 1995–1998 and 2001. Butyltin compounds were detected at all the sites surveyed, whereas phenyltins were detected at 41 out of 67 sites in 1995–1998. Tributyltin (TBT) concentrations in bivalves ranged 48–2800 ng Sn/g on dry weight basis. Triphenyltin (TPT) concentrations ranged <3–1820. The mean TPT concentration was 3.5 times less than that of TBT. Spatial distribution of TBT was closely related to boating and dry-docking activities. TPT concentration in bivalves showed significant correlation with TBT. Concentrations of TBT in bivalves, 2001 are not significantly changed compared to those in 1995–1998. However, TPT concentrations in bivalves steeply decreased in 2001. High concentration of TBT and lesser extent TPT and their nation-wide distribution indicate that organotins are one of major organic pollutants in the marine environment of Korea.     

黄河口治理工程的几个问题

黄河三角洲的治理，其关键是对河口泥沙的治理。随着经济的飞速发展以及环境的日益恶化，1970年以来，黄河的断流使黄河的治理和开发遇到新的困难和问题。黄河断流造成水资源短缺、生态环境恶化、河道淤积严重及过洪能力降低。黄河口治理开发应加强河口拦门沙的疏浚，整治下游河道，防御大洪水，开发利用水资源。上述工程的综合运用，使黄河的治理取得了较好的效果。     

Temporal dynamics of subtidal Zostera marina and intertidal Zostera japonica on the southern coast of Korea

The temporal dynamics of two seagrass species, Zostera marina and Z. japonica, were monitored monthly in Dadae Bay, Geoje Island, on the southern coast of Korea. Plant morphological characteristics, shoot density, biomass, leaf production, reproductive effort, and environmental characteristics were monitored from July 2001 to July 2002. Zostera japonica occurred in the intertidal zone and Z. marina occurred in the subtidal zone from 0.5 to 2.5 m below the mean low water level. Shoots and rhizomes were significantly larger in Z. marina than in Z. japonica, whereas the shoot density was greater in Z. japonica than in Z. marina. Despite differences in morphology and shoot density, biomass did not differ significantly between the species. Reproduction occurred from April to June in Z. marina and from May to July in Z. japonica. The proportion of reproductive shoots was approximately three times higher in Z. marina than in Z. japonica. Seasonal variation in the biomass of Z. japonica was caused by changes in both shoot size and density, whereas that of Z. marina was mainly caused by changes in shoot length. Leaf production in Z. marina and Z. japonica showed clear seasonal variation, and leaf production in Z. marina (2.6 ± 0.2 g DW·m⁻²·day⁻¹) was higher than that in Z. japonica (1.7 ± 0.2 g DW·m⁻²·day⁻¹). The mean plastochrone interval was not significantly different between the two species, whereas the leaf lifetime of Z. marina was longer (69 ± 7.8 days) than that of Z. japonica (59 ± 8.3 days). Our results indicated that seasonal leaf growth patterns in Z. japonica are correlated with irradiance and temperature, whereas those in Z. marina respond most to irradiance. Seasonal changes in irradiance appeared to control the temporal variation in above‐ground biomass in both species.