济阳坳陷孤南洼陷低熟油成藏特征

孤南洼陷具有丰富的低熟油资源，低熟油中的生物标志物以高伽玛蜡烷含量，植烷优势，低成熟度为特征。下第三系沙一段是低熟油的源岩，其岩性为富含藻类有机质的油页岩，油泥岩，低熟油在平面上环生烃洼陷分布，剖面上层位集中在沙二－沙一段，断层控制了低熟油的运移距离和聚集层位，低熟油的成藏模式有3种，即自源侧向运移聚集成藏，自源断层垂向运聚成茂混合运取成藏模式。孤南洼陷低熟油盆地内部以侧向运移，侧向充注入岩性－断块圈闭为主，形成单源油藏。在断藏带原油是以垂向运移及垂向充注断块圈闭为主，形成混源油藏。     

我国东部第四纪的海陆过渡相地层

第四纪期间我国海区的海面升降,以及东部沿海第四纪海侵的研究,近年来已经引起地质工作者的广泛注意。有孔虫、介形虫、孢粉等微体化石的运用,在海侵研究中起着十分重要的作用。然而,在寻找海侵地层的过程中也出现了一种值得注意的倾向,那就是把凡是找到一点海相化石(如有孔虫)的地层,统统叫做海相层,一概划在海岸线之外。     

InSAR数据约束的2020年西藏定日Mw5.7地震源模型及构造意义

2020年3月20日,处在北喜马拉雅断裂与申扎一定结断裂交会区的西藏定日发生Mw5.7地震,此次地震发震断层源模型的研究对于认识该地区的复杂地质构造具有重要意义.本文利用升、降轨Sentinel-1A星载SAR数据,通过合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)处理获得了地震引起的地表位移场,其中,雷达视线方向(LOS)最大地...     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000752

A series of environmentalegeological problems have been caused by over-exploitation of deep groundwater (i.e., confined aquifer water) in the North China Plain. In order to better understand the status of deep groundwater over-exploitation and the resultant environmentalegeological problems on a regional scale, the over-exploitation of groundwater has been assessed by way of the groundwater exploitation potential coefficient (i.e., the ratio of exploitable amount of deep groundwater to current exploitation), cumulative land subsidence, and long-term average lowering rate of the groundwater table. There is a good correlation among the results calculated by the different methods. On a regional scale, deep groundwater has been over-exploited and there is no further exploitation potential under the current conditions. The groundwater exploitation degree index takes the exploitation in 2003 as the reference for the calculations, so the results mainly reflect the degree of current groundwater exploitation. The results of over-exploitation of deep groundwater obtained by land subsidence data and long-term average rate of depression of the water table mainly reflect environmentalegeological problems caused by exploitation of deep groundwater.     

对青藏高原末次冰盛期降温值、平衡线下降值与模拟结果的讨论

1999年5期《第四纪研究》刊登的“青藏高原冰期环境与冰期全球降温”论文,内容丰富,提出了许多重大问题和新鲜讯息,发人深思。本文就部分内容进行讨论,认为根据新近若干冰期降温值较大的信息,就得出冰期降温幅度为过去认识的两倍的普遍性推断,还为时过早。青藏高原新近研究表明夏季降温值是较小的;冰川平衡线高度取决于以夏季温度为标志所提供的消融热量与全年降雪积累量的平衡,单纯就降温值,不能决定平衡线下降值;全球各地气候、地形差别很大,冰期变化也很悬殊,不存在全球均一的1000m左右平衡线下降值,干旱区的下降值多低于此数。青藏高原末次冰盛期(LGM)冰川堆积(终碛、侧碛)和侵蚀形态(冰斗、槽谷)一般保存良好、形态鲜明,较易识别,近年已获取测年资料,证明过去地貌法判别的LGM冰川规模,并以此决定的LGM平衡线位置基本恰当,当然也有误判者。     

Differential transgression of rift basin and characteristic response of sedimentary system within sequence framework: An example from the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Baxian sag,Bohai Bay Basin

Multi-stage differential transgression controls sequence architecture and its sedimentary type and distribution during the tectonic evolution of lacustrine rift basin. Combined with the seismic data of the Baxian sag as well as drilling,logging,core and paleontological materials from 800 exploration wells,the study targeted the Members 1 and 3 of the Shahejie Formation to analyze sequence architecture and sedimentological difference within the sequence framework during the differential lake transgression,based on the investigation of the Paleogene lake basin evolution. The results showed that the fault slope-break slope architecture was well developed with back-stepping deltas and fan deltas during the slow lake transgression of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation,in which forms thick high quality source rocks. The flexural-gentle slope architecture was well developed with mixed beach bar and small scale nearshore subaqueous fans(fan deltas)during the rapid transgression of the Member 1 of Shahejie Formation. The differential subsidence controlled the sequence architecture,paleogeomorphology and provenance supply,regulating the spatial lithological distribution. And there are significant differences in sequence architecture and sedimentary system during the different evolution stages of the lake basin. On this basis,the response model of sedimentary system characteristics under differential lacustrine transgression is established,which can be used for reference for oil and gas exploration,especially for lithologic oil and gas reservoir in the same type of basin.     

近百年全球平均气温年际变率中的QBO长期变化特征

应用奇异谱分析(SSA)方法和奇异交叉谱分析(SCSA)方法，对全球及南北半球近100多年(1856～1997年)逐月地面气温距平序列中的准两年周期振荡(QBO)的长期演变特征进行诊断分析。结果表明:全球平均气温序列蕴含显著的QBO分量，它们与全球气候系统中其他各个子系统所隐含的QBO信号具有各种耦合对应关系，尤其突出地表现在Nino区海温和以SLP序列为代表的全球大气环流系统中QBO信号的耦合对应关系上。而平均气温的QBO的年代际特征及其变率的阶段性，不但表现在振幅上，而且其位相亦很明显。上述特征在全球、两半球具有明显的差异。     

许氏创孔海百合Traumatocrinus hsui的形态定量分析和个体发育过程

Traumatocrinus hsu Mu, 1949是关岭生物群的重要组成成员,以数量众多、保存精美、营假浮游生活闻名于世。笔者等通过对5件群体保存标本中的127个大小不同个体的系统描述和形态定量分析,认为T. hsui萼部与整个冠部存在异速生长的特征,个体发育过程中腕的级数和数目逐渐增加;T. hsui的个体发育可分为3个时期6个阶段,即幼年期（Ⅰ、Ⅱ）、少年期（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）、成年期;幼年期：个体较小,冠高小于26 mm,腕分枝至4级;少年期：个体中等,冠高26～130 mm,腕分枝至7级;成年期：个体较大,冠高大于130 mm,腕分枝至8级。前人在关岭生物群中研究命名的Traumatocrinus hsui enormis Mu, 1949,Traumatocrinus kueichouensis Mu, 1949,Traumatocrinus uniformis Mu, 1949,Traumatocrinus sp. Mu, 1949,Traumatocrinus guanlingensis Yu et al., 2000和Traumatocrinus xinpuensis Wang et al., 2002等均为T. hsui的同种异名,其命名标本为个体发育的不同阶段或局部特征。     

会昌浅层次热隆伸展构造与铀成矿

本文运用伸展构造理论对河草坑铀矿田的构造特征进行探讨，厘定出会昌浅层次热隆伸展构造是由伸展构造核、环形剥离断层系和断陷红盆所组成。对会昌浅层次热隆伸展构造的形成与演化作了研究。论述了伸展构造与区域铀成矿的关系，认为剥离断层活动为区域铀矿化准备了有利的构造环境；构造－岩浆作用是导致区内铀矿化和造成不同类型铀矿化特征基本相似的根本原因。     

珠江口盆地流花碳酸盐台地灰岩坑的地震反射特征及成因探讨

早中新世东沙隆起带上发育了大规模的流花碳酸盐台地,上覆巨厚未固结-弱固结泥岩。基于三维地震数据,利用相干体及可视化等方法,在台地上发现了由溶蚀垮塌作用形成的数量众多的椭圆形的灰岩坑。灰岩坑直径一般为200~700 m,最大超过900 m,深度10~90 m;灰岩坑在地震反射上表现为碳酸盐岩顶部垮塌,并导致上覆泥岩地层塌陷;灰岩坑一般沿NWW向断层分布,这些NWW向断层切割中新世碳酸盐岩和上覆海相泥岩地层,绝大多数终止于T₁₀的不整合面。综合分析东沙海区构造和沉积过程认为：发生在晚中新世末期的东沙运动形成了NWW向张扭性断层,为酸性流体提供了运移通道和物质交换场所;东沙运动伴生的基底岩浆活动可能产生了酸性热液流体;东沙运动末期发生强烈的构造抬升和大规模海底暴露,造成地表水沿断层注入,加快了碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率。在台地底部珠海组砂岩层的高压流体、地表水和岩浆活动可能产生的酸性热液流体的共同溶蚀作用下,碳酸盐岩地层内部产生溶洞,并且越来越大,最终顶部无法承载上覆巨厚泥岩而发生垮塌,形成灰岩坑。流花碳酸盐台地灰岩坑的形成不是简单的暴露溶蚀,而是构造活动影响下深埋藏溶蚀作用的产物。