强对流天气分析与预报中的若干基本问题

使用探空观测资料、NCEP再分析资料及多普勒天气雷达产品等多种气象资料,对2015年4月3日湖南出现的一次大范围不同类型强对流天气过程进行了分析,结果表明：强对流天气过程发生前大气环流出现明显调整;低空西南急流的发展加强、中层干冷空气的卷入为大范围强对流天气提供了有利的环境条件;高层辐散、低层辐合的抽吸作用及气旋性切变、湿斜压强迫作用,是湘东北发生混合对流和极端强降水的主要原因。汉寿在逆温层之上暖湿气流抬升和强垂直风切变作用下产生的冰雹,具有高架雷暴特征。新晃具有较高热力不稳定,在冷暖空气交汇时产生冰雹。雷达产品分析表明,冰雹、雷雨大风发生时分别具有典型的三体散射与中高层较强辐散特征,而短时强降水发生时具有低质心和高效降水效率及列车效应特征。

     

东昆仑造山带海德乌拉铀矿床赤铁矿的地球化学特征及其对成矿流体的指示

海德乌拉铀矿床位于东昆仑造山带南昆仑带内,是我国在青藏高原地区厘定的首个与火山岩有关的独立铀矿床.前人已对该矿床成矿特征进行初步研究,而对矿床成矿流体与脉石矿物的研究较少.赤铁矿广泛存在于各种铀矿床中,与铀成矿关系密切.本文选取海德乌拉铀矿床赤铁矿为研究对象,开展岩相学和矿物化学特征研究,探讨赤铁矿对海德乌拉铀矿床成矿流体来源和性质的指示,为矿床的成因认识和下一步找矿勘查提供理论依据.研究结果表明,成矿期前面状赤铁矿是碱交代和空洞效应共同作用下形成的;成矿期团块状赤铁矿则由强氧化的成矿热液与黄铁矿和围岩中的Fe2+发生反应形成,这种氧化还原作用对成矿环境的氧化性进行制约,使成矿流体氧化性降低,导致沥青铀矿沉淀成矿;海德乌拉铀矿床赤铁矿形成时的流体具有大气降水和幔源流体混合的特征,幔源流体可能与三叠纪辉绿岩岩浆活动有关;海德乌拉铀矿床赤铁矿形成时的流体为高氧逸度富Cl-流体,并随流体与围岩反应,流体由富Cl-偏酸性流体逐步向偏碱性流体转变;海德乌拉赤铁矿中U⁃Mo⁃W同步富集说明了矿床成矿物质可能主要源自于寄主长英质火山岩.     

东亚岛弧地形横剖面与板块运动

通过对东亚岛弧横剖面形态的系统分析,并结合弧前的构造应力的分析,作者认为,东亚岛弧形成于板块东移的构造环境中,横剖面形态存在两种基本类型即内缓外陡型和内陡外缓型,这两种不同的横剖面具有不同的弧前应力,前者表现弧前挤压,后者表现弧前引张,这反映地貌形态与构造应力之间的密切关系。     

固体潮汐理论值算法在VB 6.0中的应用与实现

太阳和月球对地球的力学影响在地球科学研究中占有重要地位,但目前对该物理量的计算还没有人机交互很好的计算软件。本文在前人引潮位计算基础上,使用了面向对象的程序设计方法,编制了界面友好的固体潮汐理论值计算软件。介绍了该软件的设计思路和基本功能。该软件采用窗口界面进行输入和输出,数据显示以波形图为主。软件的友好界面增强了数据分析的直观性,为固体潮理论的推广应用和教学奠定了一定的基础。     

采用绘图法获取避雷针最小高度的方法

给定保护物高度和保护物高度处的保护半径,求取避雷针的最小高度通常只能通过国标中给出的计算式进行反算。以单支避雷针为例介绍了采用AutoCAD软件绘图获取避雷针最小高度的方法。     

Dynamic simulation of interactions between major earthquakes on the Xianshuihe fault zone

The authors firstly evaluate the strain accumulation rate of the Xianshuihe fault zone based on earth- quake activity. We calculated the stress and seismic moment accumulation rate for each subsection of the Xianshuihe fault zone based on the distribution of geological slip rate and GPS survey results. According to the results, we get the recurrence intervals of characterized earthquakes on each sub- section respectively. A three-dimensional finite element model for western Sichuan is constructed to discuss the earthquakes triggering among major earthquakes (M>6.7) that occurred along the Xianshuihe fault zone since 1893. The calculated Coulomb failure stress changes (ΔCFS) show that 5 of the 6 earthquakes with Ms>6.7 were triggered by positive ΔCFS. The interactions between major earthquakes not only influence recurrence intervals of characterized earthquakes on each subsection, but also change recurrence behavior of major earthquakes along the whole fault zone.     

Quartz-Ferberite Oxygen Isotope Geothermometer and Its Geological Applications

Experiments for oxygen isotope exchange between ferberite and water were carried out and the followingequation on oxygen isotope fractionation between ferberite and water against temperature was obtained:Combining this equation with the equation of Clayton et al. (1972) on oxygen isotope fractionation be-tween quartz and water, an equation on oxygen isotope fractionation between quartz and ferberite was ob-tained:The Bigeleison-Mayer function method was used to calculate the oxygen isotope fractionation betweenquartz and ferberite. The theoretical curve obtained agrees with the experimental calibration results quite wellin the temperature range of study.The above calibrated equation has been used in 5 world famous tungsten deposits to determine their tem-peratures of formation. The results show that the temperature range for an idividual deposit determined by thisgeothermometer agrees with those obtained from fluid inclusion determination and other isotopegeothermometers.     

Spatial Characteristics and Controlling Factors of the Strike-slip Fault Zones in the Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin: Insight from 3D Seismic Data

The detailed characteristics of the Paleozoic strike-slip fault zones developed in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift are closely related to hydrocarbon explorations. In this study, five major strike-slip fault zones that cut through the Cambrian-Middle Devonian units are identified, by using 3D seismic data. Each of the strike-slip fault zones is characterized by two styles of deformation, namely deeper strike-slip faults and shallower en-echelon faults. By counting the reverse separation of the horizon along the deeper faults, activity intensity on the deeper strike-slip faults in the south is stronger than that on the northern ones. The angle between the strike of the shallower en-echelon normal faults and the principal displacement zone(PDZ) below them is likely to have a tendency to decrease slightly from the south to the north, which may indicate that activity intensity on the shallower southern en-echelon faults is stronger than that on the northern ones. Comparing the reverse separation along the deeper faults and the fault throw of the shallower faults, activity intensity of the Fault zone S1 is similar across different layers, while the activity intensity of the southern faults is larger than that of the northern ones. It is obvious that both the activity intensity of the same layer in different fault zones and different layers in the same fault zone have a macro characteristic in that the southern faults show stronger activity intensity than the northern ones. The Late Ordovician décollement layer developed in the Tazhong area and the peripheral tectonic events of the Tarim Basin have been considered two main factors in the differential deformation characteristics of the strike-slip fault zones in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. They controlled the differences in the multi-level and multi-stage deformations of the strike-slip faults, respectively. In particular, peripheral tectonic events of the Tarim Basin were the dynamic source of the formatting and evolution of the strike-slip fault zones, and good candidates to accommodate the differential activity intensity of these faults.     

矿山复合开采岩体移动理论与安全评价方法

文中分析了复合采动影响下边坡岩体的移动特点 ,研究两种开挖效应的相互作用机理和边坡岩体破坏机制。在此基础上 ,应用随机介质理论 ,推导出地下开挖在边坡岩体内所产生的形变力 ,并依据边坡岩体稳定性计算理论 ,最终推导复合叠加采动影响下边坡稳定性计算方法。同时应用随机介质理论 ,推导出复合采动影响下地面变形的预测模型和特殊地质条件下变形的预测方法。结合实例对变形参数的计算方法等内容进行了分析和研究 ,并对后续开采将产生的变形值进行预测。