Methods Comparison for Microsatellite Marker Development： Different Isolation Methods, Different Yield Efficiency

Microsatellite markers have become one kind of the most important molecular tools used in various researches. A large number of microsatellite markers are required for the whole genome survey in the fields of molecular ecology, quantitative genetics and genomics. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to select several versatile, low-cost, efficient and time- and labor-saving methods to develop a large panel of microsatellite markers. In this study, we used Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) as the target species to compare the efficiency of the five methods derived from three strategies for microsatellite marker development. The results showed that the strategy of constructing small insert genomic DNA library resulted in poor efficiency, while the microsatellite-enriched strategy highly improved the isolation efficiency. Although the mining public database strategy is time- and cost-saving, it is difficult to obtain a large number of microsatellite markers, mainly due to the limited sequence data of non-model species deposited in public databases. Based on the results in this study, we recommend two methods, microsatellite-enriched library construction method and FIASCO-colony hybridization method, for large-scale microsatellite marker development. Both methods were derived from the mi-crosatellite-enriched strategy. The experimental results obtained from Zhikong scallop also provide the reference for microsatellite marker development in other species with large genomes.     

松辽盆地北部三分量地震勘探方法及效果

松辽盆地北部三分量地震勘探的主要任务是检测天然气的分布范围,预测岩性油气藏。三分量地震勘探的最大难点是采集上压制随机干扰,处理上去除转换波剖面上同相轴的人为的直立错断（由于通常处理软件不佳引起）。着重介绍了三分量地震勘探的采集原理和处理方法。本次试验取得了良好的三分量剖面。     

某机场高填方边坡变形机理及支护设计研究

西南地区山区机场因复杂的地质、地形及净空条件,导致出现大量的挖填量巨大、填料极为复杂、施工条件恶劣等工程难度巨大的高填方机场,对这类典型案例进行分析总结对类似工程具有很大的借鉴意义。本文以西南某高填方机场为例,系统地分析了边坡出现裂缝的原因,经过理论分析提出了坡脚反压、铺设土工材料、边坡下部设置抗滑桩、改造排水系统及增设仰斜排水孔的治理措施,治理后超过1.5a的监测资料表明上述措施大幅地减小了边坡变形速率,工程措施可靠有效。本文对机场高填方边坡变形原因的探讨、理论计算方法及治理措施对类似工程具有较大的借鉴意义。     

Microstructure characteristics and forming environment of late Quaternary Period loess in the Loess Plateau of China

Since the late Quaternary Period, the rapid rising of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has greatly changed the East Asian climate and formed different regional monsoon climates. Various microstructures of the loess in northern China have formed under a variety of climatic conditions. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis are used in this paper to study the relationship between the indexes of loess microstructures and the forming climates, and the indexes include the diameter of sand grains, Ca/Fe value and the characteristic shapes of the loess from SEM microstructures pictures. In terms of their respective climatic circumstances, the major microstructures of regional loess may be classified into nine categories according to their forms and particle sizes, such as loess formed in near-sand source, loess of granule sand dropping, and loess formed in hot and rainy places, i.e. with the loess SEM pictures, climates of about 15 ka b.p. in different places may be evaluated. In conclusion, the clear and distinguishable loess microstructures and their indexes in the Loess Plateau of China can also deduce the evolution of climate, such as warm or cold and wet or dry, and even sandstorm activities when the loess is deposited.     

典型土-岩复合边坡抗滑桩内力分析与设计方法

边坡工程中的土-岩复合边坡是一种典型的边坡类型,其主要特点是土岩分界面常常成为边坡的潜在滑动面。本文以典型土-岩复合边坡抗滑桩工程为背景,对传统的传递系数法计算边坡下滑推力进行了改进,桩前土体抗力采用弹性抗力计算,并引入双参数法,建立了抗滑桩内力挠曲微分方程,探讨了不同类型的抗滑桩(刚性桩、弹性桩)位移和内力计算方法,为有效地解决土-岩复合边坡抗滑桩内力计算问题提供了新途径。据此采用VC编制了面向对象、集设计、分析计算以及绘图于一体的计算机辅助设计系统,显著提高了计算速度和计算精度,实现了抗滑桩的优化设计,并成功地应用于典型土-岩复合边坡工程,对类似工程实践具有参考价值。     

辽河三角洲滨海湿地水域初级生产力研究进展

滨海湿地位于海洋与陆地生态系统的交错过渡带,具有极高的生产力和光合固碳效率,是海岸带蓝色碳汇的重要组成部分。滨海湿地生产力不仅由芦苇、翅碱蓬、红树林等陆上植被提供,水体中浮游植物的光合固碳也是提供初级生产力的重要途径。以往较多的调查和研究集中在陆上植被,而对于滨海湿地水域浮游植物和底栖微藻的报道较少。近年来随着各国政府和学者对二氧化碳排放和气候变化的关注,滨海湿地多圈层生态系统的碳循环和碳汇过程成为研究热点,而湿地水域生产力和光合固碳过程作为多圈层碳循环中重要的一个环节亦应受到足够的重视。以中国北方典型的盐沼湿地区域——辽河三角洲滨海湿地为案例,对湿地水域生产力研究进展进行综述,并对其影响因素进行讨论,以期为国家碳循环与碳中和目标调查提供参考资料。     

一种改进的基于非高斯性最大化的预测反褶积算法

The predictive deconvolution algorithm （PD）, which is based on second-order statistics, assumes that the primaries and the multiples are implicitly orthogonal. However, the seismic data usually do not satisfy this assumption in practice. Since the seismic data （primaries and multiples） have a non-Gaussian distribution, in this paper we present an improved predictive deconvolution algorithm （IPD） by maximizing the non-Gaussianity of the recovered primaries. Applications of the IPD method on synthetic and real seismic datasets show that the proposed method obtains promising results.     

Epicenter and magnitude of large earthquake determined from high-rate GPS observations: A case study of the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

For earthquake and tsunami early warning and emergency response,the earthquake epicenter and magnitude should be determined rapidly and correctly.Using high-rate GPS observations,we can readily obtain precise and high resolution displacement time series and the seismic waveforms during the earthquake.In this paper,a new algorithm is proposed for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude with the seismic waveforms derived from high-rate GPS data during the earthquake.A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is conducted from 1 Hz GPS data and the epicenter and magnitude are determined.Compared with the results issued by the China Seismological Bureau,the estimation error of the epicenter and the magnitude is about 12 km and 0.1 magnitude unit,respectively.It has shown that high-rate GPS could be a new tool feasible for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude,independent of or combined with seismometers.     

Characteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation in latest geological history

The structural activities took place extensively in the Asia continent during the Cenozoic era owing to the strong continent-to-continent collision and continuous compression between the India Plate and the Eurasia Plate. Huang Jiqing called such structural activities Himalayan movement. China’s sedimentary basins developed and took shape mainly during the Himalayan movement period. It is also the main period for formation and development of the oil and gas reservoirs. Of 366 large and medium-sized oil and gas fields currently found in China, 212 reservoirs were formed in the Neogene-Quaternary period. The proportion is as high as 68.2%. The oil and gas migration and accumulation in the latest geological period, which were controlled by the times, properties, styles and strength of the Himalayan movement, took place mainly in eight regions, such as the low uplift area of Bohai Sea, the onshore faulted sag area of Bohai Bay, anticlinorium zone in Daqing, the foreland fold-and-thrust belt in West China, the tilted structural zone in West China, the cratonic palaeohigh in the Tarim Basin, the zone of fault and fold belt in the East Sichuan Basin, and the biological gas zone in the East Qaidam Basin. The oil and gas pool formations in those regions have their own characteristics. With the great potential and broad prospect, those regions are the main exploration areas in China in the future.     

遥感支持下的景洪巴卡少数民族土地利用空间变化研究

土地利用是人类活动最直观的反应,人地关系是影响环境变化的主体因素,是制定区域可持续发展、实施生物多样性保护的内核;航空航天遥感（ＲＳ）从时间和空间上扩大了人们的视野,是监测自然因素和人为作用所引起森林植被及土地利用动态变化的有力、高效的手段。在ＲＳ技术支持下,采用不同年代、不同分辨率、不同比例尺,时间跨度为３０年的航空航天遥感,对热带雨林景洪巴卡土地结构及变迁进行分析研究,探索森林土地空间动态变化对土地利用、可持续发展的影响,对区域环境的影响等,为当地政府提供决策依据。