Synthetic information prediction system for crisis mine based on GIS

Reserves of some kinds of the crisis mines will be lack now or from now on, because of lacking seriously reserves of mineral resources and the crisis of exploring bases in support. So that it is urgent to predict, appraise, development and utilize the replaceable resources of the crisis mines. The mineral resources prediction software system of synthetic information is intelligent GIS which is used to quantitative prediction of large-scale synthetic information mineral target. It takes the geological body and the mineral resource body as a unit. And it analyzes the ore deposit genesis and metallotect, knows the spatial distribution laws of the ore deposit and ore body, and establish the prospecting model based on the concept of establishing the three-dimensional space of a mine. This paper will primarily discuss some important problems as follows: the secondary development of various kinds of data(including geology, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing, etc); process synthetically and establish the synthetic information interpretative map base; correspond prospecting model with synthetic information of ore deposit; divided into statistical units of metallogenic information synthetic anomalies based on the synthetic information anomalies of ore control, then research the metallogenic information variable of unit synthetically and make quantitative prediction according to choose the quantitative prediction math model which is suitable to the demands of large-scale precision; at last, finish the target area optimization of ore deposit (body).     

知识经济与科技编辑

以知识经济的特点为背景,论述了知识经济与科技发展的关系,探讨了面对知识经济科技编辑如何处理好基础研究类学术著作、高科技图书与实用普及类图书的出版,以及编辑自身提高等问题。     

Physicochemistry and Mineralogy of Storm Dust and Dust Sediment in Northern China

Dust sediments collected from 1995 to 1998 in Beijing, Dunhuang, Inner Mongolia, Kashi, the Kunlun Mountains, Lanzhou, Ningxia, the Taklimakan Desert, and Xi‘an, China, were characterized in terms of their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Most aerosols and dust analysed ranged in texture from silty clay to clay loam. Their median particle diameters (Mds) generally ranged between 5 to 63μm,coinciding with those of loess from central China and the finest sand from northwestern China. The dust sediments were characterized by a predominance of SiO2 and Al2O3, followed by K2O. Their SiO2/Al2O3and K2O/SiO2 molar ratios ranged from 5.17 to 8.43 and from 0.009 to 0.0368, respectively. The mass concentration spectrum during a dust storm showed a single peak, rather than the triple peak generally observed under clear sky conditions. The dominant minerals were chlorite, illite, calcite, and dolomite.These physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties were consistent with those of aeolian soils and loess in western and central China. The results suggest that aerosols and fine-gained fractions of dust sediments collected in northern China are mainly composed of soil material transported from the arid and semiarid regions of China and Mongolia by prevailing winds. The rate of deposition and properties of dust falling on eastern China were strongly influenced by meteorological conditions, season, latitude, longitude, and altitude of the sampling sites.     

甘肃省县域乡村振兴发展评估与空间格局分异

乡村振兴是实现城乡融合发展的重要路径,是国家继城乡统筹和新农村建设之后农村发展面临的又一重要创新和机遇。通过构建乡村振兴发展综合评价指标体系,从产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕五个维度对2019年甘肃省86个县域单元进行了评估。结果表明：甘肃省县域乡村振兴发展水平存在显著空间差异。不仅乡村振兴综合发展水平存在差异,分维度发展水平也存在较大差异。河西地区乡村振兴水平凸起明显,南部民族地区凹进严重。县域城市等级作用显著,区域振兴水平优劣不等,区域冷热点分布与地区经济社会发展趋势较为一致。甘肃省乡村振兴发展需要充分考虑自然环境条件及农村经济发展状况,因地制宜,依据当地实际情况制定详细化精准性政策促进区域乡村发展。     

探索地理信息智能化处理技术

GIS自产生至今30多年来，世界各国都竞相开展GIS技术研究和应用开发，使其得到了迅速的发展，已形成较为完整的理论体系和大批实用系统，并已在社会各专业领域得到广泛应用并产生了巨大效益，目前，开始朝着产业化、集成化、智能化和社会化的方向发展。随着3S技术的集成应用，人们对GIS的运行效率及其深入的应用提出了更高的要求，地理信息智能化处理已成为地图学和GIS建设必须解决的问题，也是GIS发展的必然方向。在地理信息处理中采用人工智能技术，发展智能GIS或者专家GIS，是解决复杂地学问题的重要途径，也是目前GIS最吸引人的一个应用方向。目前在地理信息处理的许多领域都在使用人工智能技术，比如地图模式识别、地理数据的自动分类、地学专家系统、智能GIS、空间数据挖掘等。本文通过对当前地理信息智能化处理技术发展现状的阐述，旨在探索人工智能在地理信息处理中的应用前景。     

GPS网平差观测量选取的理论分析

由多台GPS接收机在不同时段进行静态观测而组成的观测网形,当采用高精度的科研软件与常用商用软件解算基线时,其基线向量的方差阵不同,前者的方差阵结构是完全的、严密的。同时,在进行GPS网平差时,选取GPS基线的方式及数量的不同,构造的网形也就不同,采用不同的数学模型其得到的平差结果和精度指标也不相同。文章先从理论上进行分析,后用示例进行比较论证。     

三维地理信息系统中几何特征的误差模型

本文提出了三维地理信息系统中几何特征的误差模型。基于面表示的三维GIS的特征被分为点、线段及线,该模型给出这些特征的一种误差描述,即围绕着这些几何特征的量测值的一个范围。     

北斗三号卫星经验型太阳光压模型分析与精化

太阳光压摄动作为在轨导航卫星受到的最大的非保守力,是卫星精密定轨的重要误差源。ECOM模型、ECOM2模型,这两种经验型光压模型被广泛应用于导航卫星定轨。然而,ECOM模型和ECOM2模型分别是针对GPS和GLONASS卫星设计的,并不完全适用于我国北斗三号(BDS-3)卫星。针对五参数ECOM模型在BDS-3卫星低太阳高度角时期轨道不连续性增大的问题,本文提出在 D方向引入一阶周期项来吸收未被模型化光压加速度。结果表明,引入一阶余弦周期项 D_c,能将低太阳高度角时期CAST卫星的切向、法向、径向重叠轨道误差分别减小约60%、52%、29%。针对ECOM2模型中 D_2c和 D₀、D_2s和 B_s之间存在的强相关性,本文提出了不估计 D_2c参数的八参数ECOM2模型和不估计 D_2c与 D_2s的七参数ECOM2模型。结果表明,相较九参数ECOM2模型,不估计 D_2c参数的八参数ECOM2模型能够将CAST卫星和SECM卫星径向重叠轨道误差分别减少约18%和27%。在此基础上,继续移除 D_2s后(七参数ECOM2),径向重叠轨道误差可进一步减小5.2%~8.5%。综合考察重叠轨道精度和SLR检核精度,不顾及 D_2c和 D_2s的七参数ECOM2模型表现最佳。CAST卫星和SECM卫星重叠轨道切向、法向、径向精度分别为5.0、3.4、1.4 cm和5.4、3.5、1.5 cm;SLR检核残差标准差分别为3.1~3.2 cm、4.4~4.7 cm。     

高空间分辨率遥感影像最优分割结果自动确定方法EI北大核心CSCD

针对现有方法普遍存在不能充分顾及遥感影像多波段光谱信息,以及忽视遥感影像中地理要素的多尺度特性等问题,提出一种自动确定高空间分辨率遥感影像最优分割结果的非监督评价方法。该方法基于信息熵生成光谱信息离散度,利用光谱信息离散度构建能表达分割对象内部光谱均质性指标和分割对象与其相邻分割对象间光谱异质性指标。基于构建的光谱均质性和光谱异质性指标,采用“粗估计+精确定”的策略,逐步得到一个多级优化后的影像最优分割结果。本文在3个不同下垫面影像区域进行试验。结果表明,该方法能有效地实现自动确定高空间分辨率遥感影像最优分割结果,与现有方法相比,本文方法确定出的影像最优分割结果质量更高,与参考分割结果更加贴近。