黄河流域水循环研究的进展和展望

总结了黄河流域水循环研究的进展,指出缺乏立足于水循环整体的机理过程的探讨及缺乏较成熟的流域水文模型是已有研究的不足。为能更好地模拟水文过程对各种作用力的响应,今后研究的方向将是建立既考虑垂向水分和能量传输(如降水,蒸发,感热),又考虑水平向的地表水分运动(汇流)和地下水基流过程的黄河流域的分布式水文模型。模型将结合遥感信息与地面资料,建立与区域大气环流模式(GCM)的接口,辅之以野外生态试验小区、径流试验场和室内试验的资料,以深入探索黄河流域水循环动力学机制     

兰州新区建设用地生态适宜性评价

在地理信息技术的支持下,修正单纯的权重叠加法,采用潜力-限制性分析法分析了兰州新区建设用地的生态潜力和生态阻力,对其生态适宜性做出科学评价,得到兰州新区可用作建设用地的理想区域。结果表明：（1）兰州新区建设用地开发的生态潜力总体以一级为主,二级次之,三级和四级区所占比重较小;（2）一级生态阻力主要分布在新区南部山地,主要表现为地形复杂、工程地质条件差、地质灾害发生频繁等;（3）兰州新区建设用地生态适宜性达一级的面积所占比重最大,为39 425.91 hm²,占新区总面积的48.91%。三级适宜区面积最小,仅为6 513.2 hm²,占新区总面积的8.08%。对应于生态适宜性评价结果,兰州新区土地应用可划分为集中建设区、重点开发区、限制建设区和禁止建设区。其中,集中建设区和重点建设区应为兰州新区建设用地开发的理想区域。     

东亚夏季风的年际变化及其对环流和降水的影响

Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis geopotential height (GHT) and wind at 850 hPa, GHT at 500 hPa, precipitation rate, sea level pressure (SLP) and precipitation observations from more than 600 stations nationwide in June–August from 1951 to 2006, and focusing on the East Asia-West Pacific region (10°–80°N, 70°–180°E), interannual variation of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and its correlations with general circulation and precipitation patterns are studied by using statistical diagnostic methods such as 9-point high pass filtering, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, composite analysis and other statistical diagnosis, etc. It is concluded as follows: (1) EOF analysis of SLP in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows the existence of the zonal dipole oscillation mode (APD) between the Mongolia depression and the West Pacific high, and APD index can be used as an intensity index of EASM. (2) EOF analysis of GHT anomalies at 500 hPa in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows that the first EOF mode is characterized with an obvious meridional East Asian pattern (EAP), and EAP index can also be used as an EASM intensity index. (3) The composite analysis of high/low APD index years reveals the close correlation of APD index with EAP at 500 hPa (or 850 hPa). The study shows an obvious opposite correlation exists between APD index and EAP index with a correlation coefficient of −0.23, which passes the confidence test at 0.10 level. (4) Both APD and EAP indexes are closely correlated with precipitation during flood-prone season in China and precipitation rate over the East Asia-West Pacific region. The significant correlation area at 5% confidence level is mainly located from the southern area of the Yangtze River valley to the ocean around southern Japan, and the former is a positive correlation and the latter is a negative one. Foundation: Cooperative Project funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, No.2007DFB20210; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.90502003; JICA China-Japan Technical Cooperative Project “China-Japanese Cooperative Research Center on Meteorological Disasters”. Author: Yu Shuqiu, Associate Professor, specialized in climate and climate change.     

奇异谱分析方法在夏季降雨预测中的应用

运用奇异谱分析方法对石家庄市83年降水进行了统计分析，结果表明：石家庄市近百年夏季降水的趋势变化不太显著，主要以波动变化为主，主振荡周期分别为5－6年、10年左右及30－40年左右的长周期变化，各重建分量振幅、位相具有明显的年代际变化。利用重建分量进行降水趋势预测，1998－2001年试报表明，效果较好。     

2003 - 08 - 24 咸阳市大暴雨过程分析

利用高空、地面天气图、红外云图、多普勒雷达图等资料对临汾市2004年6月16日局地降雹的天气背景、形势演变、层结稳定度、云图和雷达回波等变化特征进行了综合分析，结合以往冰雹预报经验对新一代雷达的探测能力进行了初步检验。分析发现，这次降雹过程属典型的西北冷涡影响型，此类型降雹相对于西北气流型和西风槽型降雹具有其自身特征；从多普勒速度图上，可分析出降雹过程中飑线前后较明显的中尺度天气系统。     

Relationships between chlorophyll a, bacteria, ATP, POC and respiration rates in the Changjiang Estuary and the plume

Bacteria abundance, chlorophyll a, ATP and POC concentrations and respiration rates of microorganisms in the Changjiang Estuary and the plume were determined in July 1986. The high values of bacteria abundance occurred in the river mouth in association with suspended matter. It is assumed that bacteria were the major contributor to ATP and the main consumer of dissolved oxygen, and that the relationship between ATP and POC was present in that area. In the dilution zone (salinity; 25-30), instead of bacteria, phytoplankton was the major contributor to ATP and respiration rates, due to diatom bloom. Close relationships between Chi a and ATP, and ATP and POC were observed. Contribution of microbial carbon to POC was also estimated.     

石油烃降解细菌对正烷烃的降解作用研究

报道使用气相色谱法测定了石油烃降解 细菌对柴油的正烷烃的降解作用。结果表明,石油烃降解细菌对正烷烃有明显的降解作用, 混合菌株的降解率明显高于单菌株的降解率;在20℃的条件下,经过21d后,绝大部分的正 烷烃被降解。总的降解率为94.93%, 其中细菌的降解率为75.67%, 理化因子降解率为19.26% ;温度对正烷烃的降解率有明显的影响,在10℃时,其降解速度较慢,20℃降解加快,35℃ 温度使正烷烃的降解速度最快。     

海州湾连云港邻近水域蟹类的分布特征

本文根据2009年5月、9月和12月海州湾水域生物资源的调查资料,分析了海州湾水域蟹类资源密度的分布,多样性及蟹类优势种对蟹类数量分布的影响。结果表明,5月、9月和12月蟹类质量密度分别为36.15、53.85和44.91kg/km2,尾数密度为6.33×103、3.13×103和35.88×103ind./km2。5月、9月和12月蟹类以质量计算的物种多样性分别是0.95、0.64和0.65,以尾数计算的物种多样性分别是0.96、1.01和0.61。海州湾水域以广温广盐性蟹类为主,5月、9月和12月的最重要的优势种分别为双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)和豆形短眼蟹(Xenophthalmus pin-notheroides)。春季蟹类的密度分布规律不明显;秋季蟹类的密度分布除湾外个别站位很高之外,其余站位分布均匀;冬季蟹类的密度分布沿岸稍高于湾外。季节变化很大程度上影响了优势种的改变。不同季节,蟹类优势种类的绝对优势,使得蟹类多样性平面分布与蟹类密度分布存在差异。     

Prediction of one-dimensional compression behavior of Nansha clay using fractional derivatives

Nansha clay is an interactive marine and terrestrial deposited soft clay that is widely spread in Guangzhou, Pearl River Delta, China. To avoid excessive settlement after construction, there is a need for better quantifying the time-dependent deformation of the soft clay. This paper presents a preliminary study to predict the one-dimensional compression of Nansha clay using fractional derivatives. A fractional Merchant model was introduced to describe the time-dependent settlement, and analytical solutions were obtained in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function. The oedometer test results were presented to validate this model. Compared with classical rheological models, the fractional derivative-based model enabled close estimation of the one-dimensional compression with fewer parameters. The meaning of the order of fractional derivative and its relationship with the clay physical properties were explored. It shows that a smaller value of this order corresponded to a higher coefficient of consolidation and a lower coefficient of secondary consolidation. The amplitude of both the primary and secondary consolidation of clay may be estimated quantitatively by the order of fractional derivative. Taken together, these results may open up new avenues for theoretical and empirical modeling of rheological phenomena in clay using fractional derivatives.     

一种新的用于极化SAR图像船只检测的散射相似性测度

本文提出了一种新的用于极化合成孔径雷达（SAR）海上船只目标检测的测度。首先利用散射相似性参数研究船只与海杂波散射机制的差异。基于这些差异,提出了一种新的船只检测测度,该测度能够有效区分船只目标和海杂波。然后提出了利用核密度估计（KDE）方法对该测度进行建模的方法。基于统计模型,实现了自适应恒虚警率（CFAR）的检测方案。本文利用多景C波段RADARSAT-2极化SAR（Pol-SAR）数据上进行实验,系统分析了所提出测度的海杂波拟合性能与船只检测性能,并与两个经典的极化测度进行了比较,实验和比较结果证明了所提的测度的可行性。