油藏数值模拟中地质模型的建模流程与方法

围绕油藏数值模拟过程中三维地质模型的建模技术进行了分析与探讨,详细介绍了基于角点网格模型的建模方法,给出了相应的实现步骤。其主要流程是:首先根据断层数据构造断层模型,在断层模型的基础上构建骨架模型;然后在骨架模型约束下采用地层恢复技术实现含断层的地层模型;最后基于结构模型插值物性参数完成属性模型。以塔河油田缝洞型油藏为例,对建模流程和技术的可行性进行验证,结果表明,其建模结果与专业地质建模软件Petrel相符。     

Relationship between structures of substituted indolic compounds and their degradation by marine anaerobic microorganisms

Degradation of selected indolic compounds including indole, 1-methylindole, 2-methylindole, and 3-methylindole was assessed under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions using the serum-bottle anaerobic technique and marine sediment from Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong as an inoculum. Our results showed that indole degradation was achieved in 28 days by a methanogenic consortium and 35 days by a sulfate-reducing consortium. During degradation under both conditions, two intermediates were isolated, purified and identified as oxindole and isatin (indole-2,3-dione) suggesting that both methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria use an identical degradation pathway. Degradation processes followed two steps of oxidation accomplished by hydroxylation and then dehydrogenation at 2- and then 3-position sequentially prior to the cleavage of the pyrrole ring between 2- and 3-positions. However, none of 1-methylindole or 2-methylindole was degraded under any conditions. 3-Methylindole (3-methyl-1H-indole, skatole) was transformed under methanogenic conditions and mineralized only under sulfate-reducing conditions. It is clear that methyl substitution on 1- or 2-position inhibits the initial attack by hydroxylation enzymes making them more persistent in the environment and posing longer toxic impact.     

Modelling hydrological processes influenced by soil,rock and vegetation in a small karst basin of southwest China

Hydrological processes in karst basins are controlled by permeable multimedia, consisting of soil pores, epikarst fractures, and underground conduits. Distributed modelling of hydrological dynamics in such heterogeneous hydrogeological conditions is a challenging task. Basing on the multilayer structure of the distributed hydrology‐soil‐vegetation model (DHSVM), a distributed hydrological model for a karst basin was developed by integrating mathematical routings of porous Darcy flow, fissure flow and underground channel flow. Specifically, infiltration and saturated flow movement within epikarst fractures are expressed by the ‘cubic law’ equation which is associated with fractural width, direction, and spacing. A small karst basin located in Guizhou province of southwest China was selected for this hydrological simulation. The model parameters were determined on the basis of field measurement and calibrated against the observed soil moisture contents, vegetation interception, surface runoff, and underground flow discharges from the basin outlet. The results show that due to high permeability of the epikarst zone, a significant amount of surface runoff is only generated after heavy rainfall events during the wet season. Rock exposure and the epikarst zone significantly increase flood discharge and decrease evapotranspiration (ET) loss; the peak flood discharge is directly proportional to the size of the aperture. Distribution of soil moisture content (SMC) primarily depends on topographic variations just after a heavy rainfall, while SMC and actual ET are dominated by land cover after a period of consecutive non‐rainfall days. The new model was able to capture the sharp increase and decrease of the underground streamflow hydrograph, and as such can be used to investigate hydrological effects in such rock features and land covers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

成都市城市热岛特征初探

本文利用1986年夏季、1987年冬季市区观测资料和郊区气象站气候资料,分析了成都市热岛特征、热岛强度随时间的变化及绿化对城市小气候的影响。     

线翼截断方式对大气辐射计算的影响

在大气辐射传输计算方法中,有3种基本方法,即,逐线积分方法,k-分布方法和带模式方法。其中,逐线积分方法是最精确的计算大气透过率的方法,本文根据透过率计算方式的不同,将逐线积分方法分为追线积分法和追点积分法。由于逐线积分计算需要耗费大量的计算时间,在大气遥感和大气探测业务中使用时,必须减少计算成本,提高计算速度。本文在追线积分法的基础上,给出了简化的逐线积分的基本方法,在保证同样计算精度的同时,大大提高了计算速度。对在精确的和简化的逐线积分下,不同线翼截断方式(CUTOFF)对吸收系数、大气透过率和冷却率的影响进行了更详细的探讨。通过数值试验发现,对谱线线翼的截断方式是影响辐射计算精度和计算速度的重要因子。在不同压力下,用CUTOFF=2计算的吸收系数误差最大;对CUTOFF=1,在大多数取样点上误差都小于2%;对CUTOFF=3或4,对绝大多数取样点上计算的吸收系数误差都在5%以内,但所用的计算时间却明显减少。大气低层的透过率对不同的计算方法和不同的线翼截断方式不敏感;对大气高层,无论是对精确的还是简化的逐线积分方法,当CUTOFF=2时的透过率结果与其他线翼截断方式的结果差别较大。通过比较,本文给出线翼截断的优选方案。     

X60钢在CO2饱和盐水中缓蚀作用的研究

本文采用动电位极化、线性极化、电偶电流和高压釜挂片失重等法,研究了含氮、硫有机缓蚀剂和/或Me~(2+)对X60钢在CO_2饱和的盐水溶液中的缓蚀作用。结果表明,含氮、硫的有机缓蚀剂在缓蚀过程中,开始是以抑制阳极过程为主,随后是以抑制阴极过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂。如与Me~(2+)复配使用,能明显地提高缓蚀效能。     

利用马氏过程模拟和预测土壤侵蚀的动态演变─—以安徽省岳西县为例

本文根据安徽省岳西县１９５８－１９８２－１９９２年三个时期的遥感资料所编制的土壤侵蚀图，用点数转化法定量地分析岳西县上述两个阶段侵蚀演变和浸蚀类型之间的相互转化状况，确定相应的初始状态下（１９５８和１９８２）的转移概率矩阵，应用马尔科夫过程摸拟和预测岳西县土壤侵蚀及其格局的动态演变过程和未来演变趋势。     

Raman spectral analysis and genetic mechanism of pseudotachylyte in Xiaoqinling detachment fault

Veins and clasts of pseudotachylyte developed in the microbreccias of the detachment fault along the boundary of the Xiaoqinling metamorphic core complex. The Raman spectral analysis shows that there are three kinds of textures in the matrices of the pseudotachylyte, i.e. ultracataclastic fine-grained texture, cryptocrystalline texture and both of them with minute quantity of glass. The three different textures are the results of different degrees of ultracataclasis. This demonstrates that ultracataclasis-comminution-melting is the genetic mechanism of the pseudotachylytes in the Xiaoqinling detachment fault and the ultracataclasis-comminution dominates in their formation. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49472142).     

中国2010年上海世博会场址区地质环境条件分析与评价

文章在简要介绍世博会场址地质条件的基础上，分别分析了场址区流砂、软土和地下水等不良地质现象对工程建设的影响，然后评价了场址区天然地基工程、桩基工程以及地下工程建设的适宜性，为世博会场址区工程建设提供必要的地质依据。