贵州东部下寒武统杷榔组吐卓虫（Tuzoia）的发现

早、中寒武世广泛分布于全球的无腹大型双瓣壳节肢动物吐卓虫（Tuzoia），壳体由左右两壳瓣组成，多保存为单壳瓣，壳的中部有一具刺的侧脊，壳面多具网状的壳饰；吐卓虫（Tuzoia）生活于浅水或深水区，是一个广相性的节肢动物。凯里市西北郊翁岭塘下寒武统（或华南寒武系新地层系统的黔东统）杷榔组上部灰绿色粉砂质泥岩、页岩中产有与这个属的模式种Tuzoia retifera Walcott，1912非常相似的一相似种Tuzoia cf．T.retifera Walcott 1912．这是Tuzoia在较深水相杷榔组的初次发现，是目前所知在贵州的最低产出层位，丰富了杷榔组生物的组成面貌，也是中国华南地区早寒武世吐卓虫（Tuzoia）向东扩散并由浅水向深水迁移的证据。     

指标驱动下以任务流为中心的在线交互制图模型

在线制图是一个复杂的交互过程,任务流是交互制图系统的一种新理念和新方法。分析不同的地图制图模型,根据统计数据和专题地图可视化的特点,提出统计指标驱动下以任务流为中心的在线地图制图模型,并给出网络地图符号XML定义描述,结合某市在线动态专题地图可视化的应用实例,研究基于该模型的统计数据Web空间可视化的各种方法和应用,表明该可视化体系和功能流程模式具有很好的推广价值。     

相干声纳多波束与传统型多波束测深系统综合对比与实验分析

在工作原理、技术参数、采集软件和处理软件功能与操作,以及数据实测等方面对相干声纳多波束测深系统Geoswath Plus和传统型多波束测深系统Seabeam 1180进行了详细对比。对比表明,两套多波束系统的工作原理完全不同;传统型多波束测深系统在探头下方数据密集,两侧的数据逐渐变稀,相干声纳多波束测深系统在探头正下方的数据比较稀疏,探头两侧的数据较密集;相干声纳多波束测深系统Geoswath Plus的采集和处理软件实现了一体化,具有较直观的数据质量监控功能,传统型多波束测深系统Seabeam 1180可应用的后处理软件较多,功能更丰富;通过实测数据验证,两套多波束测深系统在数据测量精度上具有较好的一致性,不符值数列的标准偏差为3%—4%。对比为多波束测深系统的引进和选型提供了参考依据。     

基于地理尺度的中国人居环境研究进展

对国内人居环境的地理尺度进行了新的划分,主体分为现实人居环境、意象人居环境和拟态人居环境（即“三态”）,采用“主观文献归纳+客观文献计量”的方法对地理尺度视角下的人居环境内容、数据和方法等进行评述与展望。① 研究内容趋向综合集成化、新人地关系“广深化”和尺度交叉化等;② 研究数据表现出质度和量度的优化态势、多源数据的时空融合趋势和“小数据+大数据”的组合互补方向等;③ 研究方法体现在质性研究的更新化、计量模型的丰富化和“大数据智能分析+小数据抽样调查”的聚合化等。未来,国内人居环境研究应深化“一横+一纵”的逻辑分析原则,横向尺度关注居住、工作、交通、游憩等不同人类活动的时空特征,纵向尺度关注现实人居环境、意象人居环境及拟态人居环境融合趋势下人类聚居的深层结构,围绕着“三态”人居行为逐步完善为多视角、多领域和系统综合的学科群组。     

南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟

南海的形成演化一直是国内外关注的热点之一.为了揭示南海的构造演化过程, 分析对比了3组物理模拟实验.实验结果表明, 断裂样式和裂谷带的走向与岩石圈的初始热流变结构密切相关.对比模拟结果与陆缘的断层样式, 推测在张裂初期, 陆坡区比陆架区具有相对热减薄的岩石圈, 从而导致不同构造位置上发育不同的裂陷特征.受下地壳和软流圈韧性流动的影响, 断层越是靠近扩张区, 倾角变得越平缓.实验揭示, 破裂首先以点状出现, 这些点不断扩大并互相连接形成连续的扩张区.共轭边缘常具有对称的形状, 向海盆方向对凹或者对凸.当离散边界附近有刚性块体时, 扩张区域的边界会明显受到地块边缘形态的影响.通过模拟实验, 推测破裂过程可能以较粘性的方式进行.西北次海盆的发育可能是沿着中-西沙地块北缘深裂陷槽破裂的结果.      

饱水粘性土主固结理论(续): 主固结过程粘性土含水量与时间的关系

论文的前文(饱水粘性土主固结理论) 已从理论上导出粘性土“主固结比(η) ”、“极限主固结量(S_η) ”及其主固结度U_η的计算方法, 它们取决于粘性土的初始含水量和液限(W_t、W_L) 而与固结应力p无关.作为前文的续篇, 主要是探求一维主固结过程含水量和时间(t) 的变化关系(W_t=f(t, z)).根据一维固结物理模型及假设条件建立的含水量为因变量的主固结二阶偏微分方程并通过特定的边界条件和初始条件, 利用分离变量法和三角函数正交原理解得主固结过程含水量和时间的关系式, 并获得主固结系数Θ及其时间因数Δ的新表达式, 它们在形式上与太沙基固结方程相似, 但实质内容上不一致, 前者是探索粘性土含水量变化, 后者是超静孔压u的变化, 利用新的一维主固结方程进一步导出主固结量(S_t), 平均主固结度(U_t) 及主固结剩余量(ΔS) 等新一组表达式, 利用工程实际数据分别计算表明新的主固结系数Θ所含的相关物理量除含水量外, 其他的物理量如渗透系数(K), 超静孔压水头高度(h₁), 粘性土比重(G_s) 等都不具实质的影响.      

Evolution of Dentary Diastema in Iguanodontian Dinosaurs

The dentary diastema of iguanodontians has been considered to be related to its unique jaw mechanism for herbivorous adaptation.The dentary and diastema lengths of iguanodontians were measured and compared to elucidate the evolution of iguanodontian diastema.A gap in ratios between most non-hadrosaurid iguanodontians and hadrosaurids was observed,suggesting that all non- hadrosaurid iguanodontians,expect for Ouranosaurus nigeriensis and Protohadros byrdi,lack a diastema or have a short diastema,although ...     

Structure,Orientation and Finite Element Analysis of the Tail Club of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis

Abstract: The structure and orientation of the posterior extremity (tail club) of the caudal vertebrae of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Young and Chao, 1972 from the Upper Jurassic Shangshaximiao Formation has been analyzed to determine the tail club function using Finite Element Analysis. Of the four caudal vertebrae composing the tail club, the second largest (C"1") was probably the most proximal, and is fixed with the preceding sequence of the caudal vertebrae, whereas the smallest (C"4") is free and forms the termination of the tail club. Our analysis also suggests that the tail club is more efficient in lateral swinging rather than up-and-down motion, and that the best region for the tail club to impact is at the spine of the largest of the four caudals (C"2"), with a maximum load for impact at about 450 N. The tail club of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis probably also had limitations as a defense weapon and was more possibly a sensory organ to improve nerve conduction velocity to enhance the capacity for sensory perception of its surroundings.     

The hydrogen peroxide impact on larval settlement and metamorphosis of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

Abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta is an important economic mollusk.The settlement and metamorphosis are two critical stages during its development period,which has direct influence on abalone survival and production.The influence of reactive oxygen species(hydrogen peroxide) on abalone embryo and juvenile development were examined in this study.Larvae of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were induced to settlement and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with hydrogen peroxide.They had the best performance at 800 μmol/L.The concentration of 1 000 μmol/L or higher was toxic to the larvae,as the larvae could settle down only at benthic diatom plates without complete metamorphosis.In addition,H2O2 adding time was critical to the larval performance.24h after two-day post-fertilization was proved to be the optimal adding time.In this paper,two action mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide are discussed:(1) hydrogen peroxide has direct toxicity to ciliated cells,thus cause apoptosis;(2) hydrogen peroxide,as a product from catecholamines' autoxidation process in vivo,can reverse this process to produce neuro-transmitters to induce abalone metamorphosis.     

New Types of Wharf Structures in Chiwan Port

- A bold innovation was carried out for the structural type of wharves in line with local conditions in Chiwan Port, in which a group of wharves with novel structures have been built in this port during the past ten years.