华北地区晚石炭世岩相古地理特征及聚煤规律研究

通过分析华北地区晚石炭世的沉积环境及煤层分布特点,探讨了该区晚石炭世沉积相的典型类型,综合分析得出华北克拉通板块晚石炭世主要为陆表海环境,期间发生多次海侵海退事件,在郯庐断裂以东地区,主要发育有台地沉积体系、障壁一渴湖沉积体系及潮坪沉积体系;在盆地的北西缘地区发育潮坪泥炭沼泽,形成了海侵事件沉积,海退时期,中北部地区有利于发育潮坪泥炭沼泽和岛后泥炭沼泽,成为煤层的聚煤中心。     

基于GIS的证据权重法矿产预测系统(EWM)

探讨了ＧＩＳ的主要功能、ＧＩＳ在矿产预测中的应用、证据权重法的理论基础,并在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５环境下,建立了基于ＧＩＳ的证据权重法矿产预测系统———ＥＷＭ。     

Impact of Montmorillonite and Calcite on Release and Adsorption of Cyanobacterial Fatty Acids at Ambient Temperature

Minerals might act as important sorbents of sedimentary organic matter and reduce biodegradation, which favors the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks in the earth's history. Since most organic matter is degraded during the sinking process, at ambient temperature, it is important to investigate the adsorption capacity of different minerals during this process, to assess the organic loss from primary productivity to sedimentary organic matter. In this study, montmorillonite and calcite have been selected to study the impact of different minerals on the release, adsorption, and deposition of cyanobacterial (Synechococcus elonpata) fatty acids (FAs) at ambient temperature. Gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been utilized to detect the variation in fatty acids. Primary results suggest that minerals have a different impact on dissolved organic matter. Montmorillonite can specifically enhance the release of fatty acids from cyanobacterial cells by lowering the pH values of the solution. The adsorption of the dissolved organic matter by montmorillonite will also be enhanced under a lower pH value. Conjunction of fatty acids with montmorillonite to form a complex will favor the sinking and preservation of these organics. Selective adsorption is observed among fatty acids with different carbon numbers. In contrast, calcite does not show any impact on the release and adsorption of organic matter even though it is reportedly capable of acting as a catalyst during the transformation of organic matter at high temperature. The primary data bridge a link between primary productivity and sedimentary organic matter, suggesting the relative importance of claystones in the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks in the earth's history.     

天然气水合物与传统油气资源共生成藏模式初探

天然气水合物与常规油气资源的成藏在时空上存在密切联系,在一定条件下可以共生成藏。存在泄漏共生、封盖共生和遮盖侧储三种基本的共生成藏模式。泄漏共生模式是先期形成了传统油气藏,而后由于发生油气泄漏并在其上方形成天然气水合物,其特征是在水合物的下方生、储、盖齐备;封盖共生模式则是先在上部形成天然气水合物,同时作为下部传统油气藏的盖层,其特征是水合物之下的传统油气藏具备生、储成藏条件,但缺乏盖层成藏要素;遮盖侧储模式是由于水合物矿藏的遮盖作用,迫使在下部形成的烃类物质向上运移时改道,在旁侧具成藏条件的邻区成藏。实际的地质成藏可能会出现这些基本模式的组合形式。     

一种尚未定名的Ni—As—S—Se矿物相

Ｎｉ－Ａｓ－Ｓ－Ｓｅ矿物相首次发现于西秦岭南亚带拉尔玛－邛莫金－铜－铀建造矿床中。与其共生的矿物有：硒汞矿、硒铅矿、硒梯矿、硒硫锑矿、硒硫锑铜矿、自然金、重晶石、石英等。该矿物颗粒细小，粒度小于１０μｍ。在反光显微镜下呈白色，无内反射现象，为一均质矿物。两个点的电子探针分析结果（ＷＢ％）：Ｎｉ２４．１２３￣２９．３７８，Ａｓ２７．５７４￣３３．８９５，Ｈｇ７．５９１￣５．３５９，Ｓ１３．９３９￣１     

且干布拉克早寒武世硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征及地质意义

通过对西山布拉克组第一岩性段硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征研究,探讨其沉积环境和成因,推测其与库鲁克塔格早古生代地壳演化关系。研究区硅质岩夹泥质硅岩、流纹质晶屑凝灰岩的岩石组合,硅质岩的Al/(Al+Fe)值(~0.6)、Ce/Ce*值(~0.57)、(La/Yb)n值(~0.66)等特征指示为欠补偿、缺氧的深水盆地沉积环境。其Fe/Ti值(~29.2),Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(~0.54),(Fe+Mn)/Ti值(~31.3),富集Ag,As,Sb,Ba元素等特征,表明该区硅质岩为热水和海水混合成因,形成过程中海水有较高的生产力。硅质岩∑REE在剖面底部为14.9×10-6,向上减小为8.6×10-6,至顶部增加到105.6×10-6,表明剖面底部到顶部热水活动强度呈减弱趋势。早寒武世硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征表明,硅质岩形成于裂陷槽盆地中,是上升洋流将海底热水物质带至沉积地点与海水发生不同程度混合的产物,为库鲁克塔格早寒武世早期处于拉张裂解环境提供了岩石学和地球化学证据。     

Exfoliation of kaolinite by urea-intercalation precursor and microwave irradiation assistance process

A type of exfoliated kaolinite was produced by urea-intercalation and original microwave irradiation assisted method. The product was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and laser particle analysis techniques. FT-IR spectra show that NHCO molecule exists in the intercalated kaolinite. XRD analyses indicate that the kaolinite sheet-like structure was disordered after microwave irradiation. The urea decomposition process and explosion effect between the sheet-like structures of kaolinite under microwave irradiation were discussed. The SEM and BET analyses reveal that the end product is exfoliated kaolinite with thin particles and increased surface area. Size and zeta potential analyses show that the particle size distribution is between 250 nm and 550 nm with normal distribution and the particle is negatively charged. In comparison with the conventional grind method, the process adopted appears to be economic and the exfoliated kaolinite end product may display a significantly enhanced performance in industrial applications.     

庐山-彭山地区伸展构造演化及其对矿产形成的制约

庐山-彭山地区原是一个经受印支早期伸展机制下所形成的变质核。它在后期又经受了挤压和伸展的多期构造叠加,致成今日面貌。印支早期所形成的伸展拉覆断层为庐、彭及其相关地区的燕山期矿液活动提供了良好的导矿和储矿空间,对矿产的形成与分布起着重要制约。     

华熊地块中生代岩浆作用的物质继承性

中生代是华熊地块最重要的岩浆作用时期。通过对其中主要地体中燕山期改造型花岗岩和同熔型花岗岩的同位素研究,结合其形成物质背景和地质特征,认为它们的物质特征主要取决于它们继承各自不同的地体物质(特别是基底物质)和同一地体物质的多少程度。地体及其中生代岩浆作用的构造环境是解释这一继承机理的主要因素。     

中国北方农牧交错带人类生存环境的过去,现在和未来

中国北方农牧业交错带是我国生产最不稳定的地带，风、旱、冻、雪等灾害频繁出现，具有敏感而脆弱的人地关系。文章在研究了该地带人类生存环境的演化及其规律的基础上，对未来百年人类的生存环境作了预测。