Extraction and application analysis of landslide influential factors based on LiDAR DEM: a case study in the Three Gorges area,China

The aim of this study was to identify some new factors that may impact the occurrence and distribution of landslides based on light detection and ranging digital elevation model (LiDAR DEM), and to examine whether these factors can apply to distinguish between landslide and non-landslide pixels. Twenty-one landslide influential factors were identified. Thereinto, there were ten novel factors, namely the texture factors of slope and surface roughness, including the contrast (Con), correlation (Cor), angular second moment, entropy, and homogeneity (Hom) textures. Qualitative and quantitative analysis and feature selection method were applied to examine the application of these factors. The analysis results indicate that these factors have certain abilities to distinguish between landslide and non-landslide objects. And the selected optimal factors combination that derived from feature selection method was DEM, slope, Hom_d, Con_s, Cor_s, Hom_s, Con_r, Cor_r, and Hom_r (_d, _s, and _r represent DEM, slope, and surface roughness textures, respectively). In conclusion, the identified landslide influential factors can provide effective information for landslide identification. And the new texture factors of slope and surface roughness could act as important measurements that can improve the precision of landslide inventory mapping, susceptibility mapping, and risk assessment.     

2021年青海甘德震群震源参数特征

1 研究背景 2021年5月22日2时4分,青海省果洛州玛多县发生MS 7.4地震,震中位于(98.34°E, 34.59°N),震源深度17 km.此次地震发生后,在震中东侧甘德县出现震群活动,空间距离约180 km,截至2021年6月28日,青海地震台网共记录ML≥1.0余震79次,其中, ML 1.0—1.9地震57次,ML 2.0—2.9地震19次,ML 3.0—3.9地震2次,ML 4.0—4.9地震1次,最大地震为5月30日ML 4.3地震.     

阿坝州壤塘县大骨节病区安全供水模式研究

通过调查研究阿坝州壤塘县已有供水措施及近期实施的地下水小型集中供水模式,从水质、水量、用水便捷程度等方面进行对比分析,探讨适合高寒高原区的安全供水模式,为改善病区生活饮用水条件提供借鉴。     

CHARACTERIZATION AND CAUSATION OF RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT VARIATION IN THE JIALINGJIANG RIVER BASIN

The Jialingjiang River basin is one of the main sediment contributing areas in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River. Great changes have taken place in the runoff and sediment discharge in recent years. Comparing the data of 1991-2003 with the data of 1954-1990, the annual runoff of the Jialingjiang River basin decreased by 23 %, and the suspended sediment transport decreased by 74% or 105 million tons. The main factors affecting the reduction include a decrease in rainfall, sediment detention of hydraulic structures, soil and water conservation activities, sedimentation and sand dredging in the river channel. Thorough investigation and analysis of the contribution of each factor to the sediment decrease at Beibei Station was determined for the first time. The following are the contributing percentages for each factor: a decrease in runoff accounted for 32.9%; soil and water conservation measures accounted for 16.4%; sediment detention of hydraulic structures accounted for 30.5%; sedimentation, river channel sand dredging, and other factors accounted for 20.2%. These findings are very important for forecasting the trend of inflow sediment discharge variation.     

云南大坪韧性剪切带型金矿富CO2流体包裹体及其成矿意义

大坪金矿成矿可分为三个成矿阶段：早期成矿阶段（白钨矿石英脉）、主成矿阶段（团块状多金属硫化物含金石英脉）和晚成矿阶段（碳酸盐石英脉）。本文利用显微测温和拉曼光谱分析了大坪矿脉的流体包裹体特征,结果表明：流体包裹体基本由富液相CO2包裹体和不同CO2/H2O比例的CO2-H2O型包裹体组成,早阶段白钨矿石英脉中同时富含富气相CO2包裹体,主成矿阶段团块状多金属硫化物金矿石中富液相CO2包裹体占明显优势,只有晚成矿阶段碳酸盐石英脉中含有居次要地位的H2O溶液包裹体。流体包裹体中气相组成基本为纯CO2,早阶段者还含少量N2。早阶段CO2-H2O型包裹体的盐度为6.37%-14.64%NaCl,峰值9%-10.5%NaCl,均一温度为299.4-423.7℃,峰值320-380℃,CO2包裹体密度为0.352-0.798g/cm^3,多数在0.64-0.71g/cm^3;主成矿阶段的CO2-H2O型包裹体的盐度在3.70%-14.64%NaCl之间,峰值7.2%-9.0%NaCl,均一温度279.0-406.5℃之间,峰值320-360℃,CO2包裹体密度为0.591-0.843g/cm^3,多数大于0.8g/cm^3;晚成矿阶段CO2-H2O型包裹体的盐度为4.80%-6.54%NaCl,均一温度为287.6-337.1℃。计算表明早阶段成矿压力约为190-440MPa,主阶段成矿压力约为133.5-340.0MPa,相当的成矿深度为5.1-12.9km。这些特征揭示了该矿成矿流体为近临界的高CO2（CO2≥H2O）的中低盐度的CO2-H2O-NaCl体系流体,在成矿过程中基本不存在流体混合,但发生了明显的沸腾和相分离作用。该矿是剪切带控制下的中深中温热液金矿,成矿作用主要是减压沸腾环境下的快速沉淀。结合其它证据,作者认为该矿的成矿流体主体为深源的壳幔混合流体,而不是地壳浅部的大气降水、岩浆水或其混合流体。金在高CO2的成矿流体中可能主要以硫氢络合物形式迁移,矿质沉淀主要与压力速降条件下发生流体的相分离作用相关。     

机载海洋雷达高度计的性能分析

该文简要介绍了海洋雷达高度计的工作原理。对机载海洋雷达高度计的性能进行了具体的分析 ,对海洋雷达高度计的试验结果的分析和讨论表明 ,其性能达到了设计要求 ,为星载高度计提供了可靠的技术先导     

抚顺煤田煤变质特征

抚顺煤田的煤变质表现为一种具有浅成、高温、作用时间较短的岩浆热变质作用的特征。在西露天矿坑内和龙凤矿井下见有十分发育的接触热变质带,接触热变质煤未形成良好的天然焦,而是形成“炭渣状煤”或“烧变煤”。煤变质带明显,在平面上和垂向上都有所反映。煤变质带的分布与后期侵入的辉绿岩的分布关系密切。     

新兴能源领域—煤层气研究开发的历史和现状

本文回顾总结了国内外对新兴能源——煤层气研究开发的历史和现状。从影响煤层产能的因素、储层特征以及开采技术等八个方面概述了近年来国内外煤层气研究与开发的主要进展,并就我国在这一领域研究中存在的问题提出了三点看法和建议。     

煤基岩块孔裂隙特征及其在煤层气产出中的意义

煤中发育植物细胞残留孔隙、基质孔隙和次生孔隙，植物细胞残留孔隙主要为复杂孔隙树结构，有效孔隙率高。基质孔隙和次生孔隙主要为简单孔隙树结构，孔隙曲折度高，有效孔隙率低，煤基岩块中普遍发育宽１０～２０μｍ，高５０～１０００μｍ的微裂隙，大多数构成连结孔隙和内生裂隙及层面裂隙的重要通道。微裂隙的存在缩短了煤层甲烷扩散的距离，煤层甲烷除在微孔隙中扩散和内生裂隙中流动外，尚在微裂隙中扩散或流动。微裂隙的大小是决定煤层甲烷扩散或流动的关键。     

藏东南地区冰碛物斜坡钢花管注浆加固试验研究

本文以藏东南地区帕隆藏布流域冰碛物斜坡为例,针对其架空结构较多、固结程度欠佳的特点,提出钢花管注浆加固技术。通过15个注浆孔现场注浆、现场开挖、取样测试等,探讨其施工工艺及加固效果,并结合FLAC3D数值模拟,进一步阐明其加固机理及设计方法。研究结果表明,冰碛物浅表层注浆有效加固半径为20~55 cm,浆液扩展路径与架空结构展布息息相关;注浆加固后土体粘聚力、内摩擦角、压缩模量均得到改善,竖直渗透系数变小;其注浆压力宜采用0.5~1.0 MPa;水灰比宜选用2、1;注浆孔间距与有效加固半径的比值不宜大于8。通过现场试验,形成一套基于3.5 m³空压机、YT28型凿岩机、空心自钻式锚杆及气动式注浆机的花管注浆工艺,轻便快捷,施工效率高,尤其适用于交通不便、施工条件差的情形。