洞头县重点养殖海域水质监测及分析

洞头列岛海域是浙江省重要的海洋水产养殖基地,近两年来频繁发生赤潮,为了保护洞头县规模化水产养殖产业的优良生态环境,2003年9月至2004年7月对洞头县重点养殖海域水质的时空变化趋势和质量状况进行了研究和分析.结果表明,洞头列岛海域海水综合质量总体上处于轻污染水平,富营养化明显,DIN和IP是水质富营养化的主要因素,而油类是需要重点控制的污染物.     

Quantitative relationships between precipitation and temperature over Northeast China, 1961–2010

This paper investigates monthly and seasonal precipitation–temperature relationships (PTRs) over Northeast China using a method proposed in this study. The PTRs are influenced by clouds, latent and sensible heat conversion, precipitation type, etc. In summer, the influences of these factors on temperature decrease are different for various altitudes, latitudes, longitudes, and climate types. Stronger negative PTRs ranging from ?0.049 to ?0.075 °C/mm mostly occur in the semi-arid region, where the cold frontal-type precipitation dominates. In contrast, weaker negative PTRs ranging from ?0.004 to ?0.014 °C/mm mainly distribute in Liaoning Province, where rain is mainly orographic rain controlled by the warm and humid air of East Asian summer monsoon. In winter, surface temperature increases owing to the release of latent heat and sensible heat when precipitation occurs. The stronger positive PTRs ranging from 0.963 to 3.786 °C/mm mostly occur at high altitudes and latitudes due to more release of sensible heat. The enhanced atmospheric counter radiation by clouds is the major factor affecting increases of surface temperature in winter and decreases of surface temperature in summer when precipitation occurs.     

基于土壤数据和遥感影像的鄂尔多斯高原北部地貌分类(英文)

Landform classification is commonly done using topographic altitude only.However,practice indicates that locations at a same altitude may have distinctly different landforms,depending on characteristics of soils underneath those locations.The objectives of this study were to:1) develop a landform classification approach that is based on both altitude and soil characteristic;and 2) use this approach to determine landforms within a watershed located in northern Ordos Plateau of China.Using data collected at 134 out of 200 sampling sites,this study determined that D10(the diameter of soil particles 10% finer by weight) and long-term average soil moisture acquired in 2010,which can be estimated at reasonable accuracy from remote sensing imagery,can be used to represent soil characteristics of the study watershed.Also,the sampling data revealed that this watershed consists of nine classes of landforms,namely mobile dune(MD),mobile semi-mobile dune(SMD),rolling fixed semi-fixed dune(RFD),flat sandy land(FD),grassy sandy land(GS),bedrock(BR),flat sandy bedrock(FSB),valley agricultural land(VA),and swamp and salt lake(SW).A set of logistic regression equations were derived using data collected at the 134 sampling sites and verified using data at the remaining 66 sites.The verification indicated that these equations have moderate classification accuracy(Kappa coefficients > 43%).The results revealed that the dominant classes in the study watershed are FD(36.3%),BR(27.0%),and MD(23.5%),while the other six types of landforms(i.e.,SMD,RFD,GS,FSB,VA,and SW) in combination account for 13.2%.Further,the landforms determined in this study were compared with the classes pre-sented by a geologically-based classification map.The comparison indicated that the geo-logically-based classification could not identify multiple landforms within a class that are de-pendent upon soil characteristics.     

格尔木流体观测井数字资料映震效能分析

介绍了格尔木流体观测井及数字化仪器的基本情况,对数字化观测资料进行了初步分析,并分析了格尔木周边3次6级以上地震前的异常特征,结果显示:同一方法提取的异常在不同地震前差别较大,且异常可能与区域构造相关。对于该观测井不同测项,震前的异常差异也较大。     

丹巴县甲居滑坡复活机制及其稳定性分析

甲居滑坡为一个特大型堆积层古滑坡,因其位于四川省丹巴县甲居藏寨风景旅游区而广受关注.结合滑坡形成的地质环境条件,从滑坡形态、坡体结构、地表变形破坏发育特征等方面人手,对该典型堆积层滑坡进行了分析论述.研究表明,滑坡形成演化历史较为复杂,是一个多级多层滑动形成的非连续复合变形体,其变形复活与滑坡岩土结构、河流侵蚀和人类工程活动密切相关,滑坡具有长期间歇性蠕滑变形特征,以局部滑移为主,难以产生整体性变形破坏,进而为滑坡下一步的监测治理提供了依据.     

格尔木地震台大震速报震级差异分析

选取格尔木地震台2000年7月到2013年5月的680个地震,与中国地震台网中心提供的《国家台网大震速报目录》进行面波震级的对比,得出格尔木地震台的台基校正值、标准误差;通过计算分析,总结出不同方位、震中距、震级大小的地震震级差异性之间的关系。     

一种基于特征光谱匹配的多色分色方法

目的 在分析特征光谱的提取和匹配的基础上,提出了子空间的判断方法和判断准则。利用目标光谱与各子空间特征光谱编码范围的距离来判断目标光谱的子空间归属,同时,在求解油墨配比时,将基于特征波段和全波段的反解进行结合,并基于以上两点提出了改进的分色算法流程。实验结果表明,提取的特征光谱编码范围能够显著代表各个子空间的光谱特征,特征波段和全波段相结合的分色方法在保证了RRMS精度的基础上,大大提高了色差的精度。而子空间判断算法显著地降低了分色的运算次数,避免了遍历子空间造成的极大的计算量,具有较高的实用性。     

FY-3A星MWHS反演中纬度和热带大气水汽

风云三号A星(FY-3A)搭载的微波湿度(MWHS)计采用双边带接收机体制,选择主要受水汽影响的(183.31±1) GHz,(183.31±3) GHz,(183.31±7) GHz和窗区150 GHz作为通道频率。本文首先分析了观测亮温值与利用辐射传输方程仿真的亮温值之间的关系,二者相比具有较好的一致性。其次利用神经网络方法反演大气相对湿度,并与线性回归方法进行对比,本文选用的区域内,神经网络方法优于线性回归法。最后,利用本文创建的神经网络模型与正在业务使用的AMSU-B反演模型进行反演均方差和稳定度对比,结果表明,本文创建的神经网络模型在所选区域,大气相对湿度反演精度与AMSU-B神经网络模型相当(反演均方差为15%-25%);水汽密度反演均方差除地面未知因素影响外,与探空观测相比,整体均方差小于1 g/m³;不论在中纬度地区还是热带地区,都能较好地反演大气湿度的垂直分布廓线。同时,本文初次尝试在神经网络反演湿度廓线中引入墨西哥帽小波函数,结果表明,运用墨西哥帽小波函数在保证反演性能的同时,能有效减小迭代时间,避免陷入局部迭代。     

Estimating daily global solar radiation during the growing season in Northeast China using the ?ngstr?m–Prescott model

Daily global solar radiation is an important input required in most crop models. In the present study, a sunshine-based model, the ?ngstr?m–Prescott model, is employed to estimate daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface during the growing season in Northeast China. Data from six control groups are used. The controls include the entire sequence, precipitation days, and non-precipitation days both during the growing season and year-round. Estimations are validated by comparing the calculated values with the corresponding measured values. The results indicate that estimating daily global solar radiation during the growing season using data only from the growing season is better than using year-round data. Classifying days with respect to precipitation and non-precipitation is also unnecessary. The performance on estimating daily global solar radiation during the growing season using the entire data in growing season performs best. A sunshine-based equation is obtained using our method to estimate growing season daily radiation for all meteorological stations in Northeast China. The approved approach is expected to be beneficial to crop models and other agricultural purposes.     

河东煤田煤储层中气胀节理的发现及其研究意义

在山西河东煤田石炭、二叠纪煤储层中发现规模类似于传统外生节理,而产状、节理面特征及发育载体等其他特征与内生裂隙极为相似的两组节理．该节理面上无擦痕和镜面特征,节理面产状与围岩中的节理差异明显．该节理属煤储层中流体间歇性释放造成的纯张节理．该区煤储层岩石物理研究表明,凡发育该类节理的煤储层,其渗透率较高,煤储层可改造性较好．该类节理发育的基本条件是：围岩封闭条件良好、煤储层中有机质丰度高达９０％以上和具有相应温压的煤层气藏成藏条件．研究该类节理不仅可以丰富煤储层岩石物理的研究内容,深化煤层气藏形成与保存条件的认识,而且还有助于正确评价煤层气的可采性．