Characteristics of extreme daily minimum and maximum temperature over Northeast China, 1961–2009

In this study, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis method is employed to determine the thresholds of extreme events. Subsequently, the characteristics of extreme temperatures have been analyzed over Northeast China during 1961–2009. Approximately 58 % of stations have negative interdecadal trends of ?2.2 days/10 years to 0 days/10 years in extreme low minimum temperature (ELMT) frequency. Notable positive trend of 0–2.5 days/10 years in extreme high maximum temperature (EHMT) frequency of about 94 % stations are found. Approximately 58 % of stations have decreasing trend in ELMT intensity, whereas 69 % of stations have increasing trend of EHMT intensity. The trends are the range of ?0.72 °C/10 years to 0 °C/10 years and 0–0.7 °C/10 years, respectively. We propose the extreme temperatures indices, ELMT index (ELMTI) and EHMT index (EHMTI), which combined the frequency and intensity of extreme temperatures to represent the order of severity of extreme temperatures. According to this approach, serious ELMT mainly occur in the Songliao Plain and the Sanjiang Plain, especially in the Songliao Plain. Serious EHMT distinctly occur in the Sanjing Plain, and the southwestern and northwestern regions of Northeast China in recent five decades.     

B货翡翠的红外光谱特征及鉴定意义

在对9个B货翡翠样品进行常规宝石学特征描述的基础上，进行了红外光谱测试。结果表明B货翡翠最主要的吸收峰是2959（或2966），2931（或2924）和2895cm^-1这一组，而1510，1581，1609cm^-1和3040，3060cm^-1这两组谱带可作为鉴定B货翡翠的辅助谱带，但不是必要的谱带。研究结果可为准确鉴定B货翡翠提供进一步的资料。     

黔桂地区海西—印支阶段的构造古地理演化及沉积盆地的时空组合

本文在详细研究各类沉积盆地的成因地层格架和鉴别古构造运动面性质的基础上,将黔桂地区的海西—印支构造阶段进而划分为3个构造古地理演化阶段:早海西(D—C_1)的前陆盆地演化阶段;中海西(C_2—P_1)的扬子陆块扩大和稳定沉降阶段;晚海西—早印支(P_2—T_2)的次生深海盆地形成和扩张阶段,从晚二叠世的半地堑式裂陷盆地系和基性火山活动的出现,到早、中三叠世次生深海盆地的发育,说明经历了长期镶嵌过程的扬子陆块再次被解体和开裂。     

太湖风生流数值模式及其对总磷分布的影响

A new up-winding finite element numerical model, which is two-dimensional and suitable for modeling lake current and the distribution of total phosphorus(TP) in shallow lakes, is derived. Moreover, it is used in the study of wind-driven current in Taihu Lake, and the impact of lake current field on the distribution of TP is also discussed.     

协同学在水资源可持续利用评价中的应用研究

协同学是关于开放、非平衡系统的理论,而水资源系统正是一个开放的、远离平衡态的复杂系统。以湖州市为例,以两年为步长,选取2011年、2013年、2015年水资源开发利用指标、经济社会指标,将协同学应用于湖州市水资源可持续利用评价。研究结果表明,将协同学应用于区域水资源可持续利用评价是可行的,可为区域水资源可持续利用评价以及区域水资源承载能力判别开辟新途径。     

长白山苔原带优势植物种的分布格局及其关联性研究

通过开展植被样方调查,确定苔原带的主要优势种,分析优势种的分布格局及其关联性,从地理角度分析长白山苔原带植被变化特征。研究表明：① 长白山苔原带8个优势种中,草本植物已占6个。灌木中牛皮杜鹃（Rhododendron chrysanthum）依然为最主要的优势种,但笃斯越橘（Vaccinium uliginosum）的优势地位已被草本的小白花地榆（Sanguisorba parviflora）取代。草本植物聚集程度强,苔原植被存在草甸化趋势。② 除牛皮杜鹃与大白花地榆（Sanguisorba stipulata）之间存在较显著的负联结,排它现象明显外,多种优势种之间存在正联结,有弱的伴生现象,牛皮杜鹃和小白花地榆为强正联结,伴生现象更明显,草本植物与灌木伴生将长期存在。③ 各草本植物入侵、定植、扩展机制多样。小白花地榆分布广,聚集程度较弱,以种子繁殖为主,扩展速度较快;大白花地榆、小叶章（Calamagrostis angustifolia）等聚集程度较强,以无性繁殖为主,扩展速度较慢,但竞争能力强,在适宜生境中,能驱除其它物种。     

Effective seed distribution pattern of an upward shift species in alpine tundra of Changbai Mountains

The vegetation of alpine tundra in the Changbai Mountains has experienced great changes in recent decades. Narrowleaf small reed(Deyeuxia angustifolia), a perennial herb from the birch forest zone had crossed the tree line and invaded into the alpine tundra zone. To reveal the driven mechanism of D. angustifolia invasion, there is an urgent need to figure out the effective seed distribution pattern, which could tell us where the potential risk regions are and help us to interpret the invasion process. In this study, we focus on the locations of the seeds in the soil layer and mean to characterize the effective seed distribution pattern of D. angustifolia. The relationship between the environmental variables and the effective seed distribution pattern was also assessed by redundancy analysis. Results showed that seeds of D. angustifolia spread in the alpine tundra with a considerable number(mean value of 322 per m2). They were mainly distributed in the low elevation areas with no significant differences in different slope positions. Effective seed number(ESN) occurrences of D. angustifolia were different in various plant communities. Plant communities with lower canopy cover tended to have more seeds of D. angustifolia. Our research indicated reliable quantitative information on the extent to which habitats are susceptible to invasion.     

FY-3B/MWHS性能参数在轨实时监测

2010年11月5日发射的风云三号B星 (FY-3B) 是我国第2代极轨气象卫星的第2颗星。其上装载的微波湿度计 (MWHS) 在183 GHz水汽吸收线设计了3个大气探测通道,在大气窗区150 GHz设置了双极化通道。该文主要对FY-3B微波湿度计系统进行介绍,分析其在轨5年的性能,对仪器在轨关键性能参数进行了长时间序列分析,结果表明:仪器各通道灵敏度均优于0.4 K,其中通道1,2,4,5的灵敏度优于0.3 K,定标精度稳定在0.3~0.55 K,未出现恶化现象, 同类型在轨载荷星下点处匹配数据交叉比对,相关系数优于96%。分析表明,该仪器在轨性能和数据质量均优于FY-3A微波湿度计。同时,利用微波湿度计实测数据,着重分析2015年6—7月若干台风的生成、演化、增强和消亡的整个过程,并对台风区域强降雨监测进行分析。