地震前兆时空非均匀性指标Cv值的实验检验

在双向加载条件下，对两种构造和介质不同的岩石标本进行变形实验，测量了标本表面不同部位的应变．在此基础上，利用王晓青和陈学忠等提出的描述地震前兆非均匀分布的参量————Cv值，分析了标本变形失稳过程中应变异常的分布，以期从实验角度检验Cv值方法并探讨其物理意义．研究表明，Cv值的变化与岩石变形特征的变化有关，是描述前兆分布非均匀性的一种有效指标；Cv值在失稳发生前先异常上升，然后下降，并在Cv值恢复过程中或恢复后伴随着失稳事件的发生．因此，Cv值是一种有效的预报指标．      

关于上海地质资料信息服务集群化和产业化探索与实践

实施地质资料信息服务集群化和产业化战略,是促进地质工作更加紧密地与经济社会发展相结合,更加主动地为经济社会发展服务,构建以社会需求为导向的地质工作服务新机制的重要战略部署。通过加强地质资料汇交制度和社会共享机制建设,扩大了地质资料信息源,地质资料信息集群化初见成效;围绕地质资料信息服务的社会需求,梳理了规划和国土资源管理流程,通过应用示范,进一步探索地质资料信息服务管理制度和技术标准体系完善,努力实现地质资料信息服务多元化。     

新疆西天山备战铁矿花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造成因

西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带是中国重要的铁成矿带之一,但目前对该成矿带上的铁矿成因类型和成矿构造环境仍存在争议,主要原因是对赋铁矿火山岩和侵入其中的花岗岩缺乏深入研究,特别是对可能与成矿有关的花岗岩研究更少。通过对该成矿带中的备战铁矿区花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学研究,探讨其成因及构造环境,为西天山地区铁矿成因提供新信息。对备战矿区花岗岩进行LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得正长花岗岩年龄为321.5±3.6 Ma,花岗斑岩年龄为308±1.2 Ma,均形成于晚石炭世。岩石地球化学特征显示,该区花岗岩具有高钾钙碱性、准铝质特征;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布图表现为左陡右缓,Eu强烈负异常;微量元素分析结果显示,富集Rb、K、Th、Sr、U等,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti、P等元素,结合构造环境判别图解,认为其形成于后碰撞环境。εHf（t）值分别介于5.7~13.3和7.5~12.5之间,平均值为10.91和10.06,为较高的正值,Hf二阶段模式年龄分别介于479~947 Ma和526~843 Ma之间,平均值为700 Ma和679 Ma。综合前人研究成果,认为晚石炭世西天山阿吾拉勒铁成矿带主要形成于由汇聚向伸展演化的后碰撞造山的构造转折期,此时由于岩石圈拆沉导致地幔物质底侵下地壳发生部分熔融作用,最终形成了晚石炭世备战铁矿花岗岩。     

Features of internal tides observed near the shelf break in the northern South China Sea

Ocean Dynamics - Features of internal tides in the northern South China Sea are investigated using measurements of two moorings at 506 m (MR1) and 260 m (MR2) working between...     

2-D P-wave velocity structure in the mideast segment of Zhangjiakou-Bohai tectonic zone: Anxin-Xianghe-Kuancheng DSS profile

Introduction The Capital-circle area is the center of politics, economy and culture of China, and manystrong earthquakes occurred here in history. The Zhangjiakou-Bohai tectonic zone located in thearea is an important active zone. In the period of 500 years between AD 1481~1981, 18 earth-quakes with magnitude more than 6 occurred in the area and 11 of them lay in this active tectoniczone. During 1992~2001, continuous GPS observation found sinistral relative movement betweenYanshan Mo…     

以科学发展观推进金昌市防震减灾事业发展

0前言金昌市位于河西走廊中东部,近年来一直被中国地震局列为全国地震重点监视防御区和重点危险区,同时又是甘肃省政府确定的防震减灾十年目标首批达标城市之一,防震减灾工作任务艰巨。面对震情形势,市委、市政府十分重视防震减灾工作,认真贯彻落实“预防为主,防御与救助相结合”的防震减灾工作方针,树立科学的发展观,坚持经济建设与防震减灾工作一起抓,不断加强“监测预报、震灾预防、应急救援”三大工作体系建设,积极推进全市防震减灾事业的发展,在保护人民生命财产安全、保障社会经济可持续发展和保持社会稳定方面发挥了积极的作用。1建…     

被动微波遥感积雪参数反演方法进展

雪深(snow depth,SD)和雪水当量(snow water equivalent,SWE)是气候水文研究中的重要参数,在雪灾监测中尤为重要。首先,简要介绍了被动微波遥感SD和SWE反演算法的物理基础——积雪微波辐射传输模型,分析了不同微波频段、不同特点的积雪微波辐射和散射特性。然后,根据前人的研究从数学角度将反演算法分为线性亮温梯度法和基于先验知识法,总结了2类算法的优势和局限性:线性亮温梯度法相对简单、速度快,一般只适用于特定的研究区;先验知识法需要获取研究区的样本数据,并反复训练才能达到较好的精度,但对样本的独立性及其均值差异显著性的要求较高。最后,重点介绍了我国风云三号微波成像仪(FY-3 MWRI)的全球SD和SWE反演算法和针对中国区域的改进算法,并对未来的研究热点进行了展望。     

Carbon fluxes in ecosystems of Yellowstone National Park predicted from remote sensing data and simulation modeling

Background

A simulation model based on remote sensing data for spatial vegetation properties has been used to estimate ecosystem carbon fluxes across Yellowstone National Park (YNP). The CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) model was applied at a regional scale to estimate seasonal and annual carbon fluxes as net primary production (NPP) and soil respiration components. Predicted net ecosystem production (NEP) flux of CO₂ is estimated from the model for carbon sinks and sources over multi-year periods that varied in climate and (wildfire) disturbance histories. Monthly Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) image coverages from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument (from 2000 to 2006) were direct inputs to the model. New map products have been added to CASA from airborne remote sensing of coarse woody debris (CWD) in areas burned by wildfires over the past two decades.

Results

Model results indicated that relatively cooler and wetter summer growing seasons were the most favorable for annual plant production and net ecosystem carbon gains in representative landscapes of YNP. When summed across vegetation class areas, the predominance of evergreen forest and shrubland (sagebrush) cover was evident, with these two classes together accounting for 88% of the total annual NPP flux of 2.5 Tg C yr^-1 (1 Tg = 10¹² g) for the entire Yellowstone study area from 2000-2006. Most vegetation classes were estimated as net ecosystem sinks of atmospheric CO₂ on annual basis, making the entire study area a moderate net sink of about +0.13 Tg C yr^-1. This average sink value for forested lands nonetheless masks the contribution of areas burned during the 1988 wildfires, which were estimated as net sources of CO₂ to the atmosphere, totaling to a NEP flux of -0.04 Tg C yr^-1 for the entire burned area. Several areas burned in the 1988 wildfires were estimated to be among the lowest in overall yearly NPP, namely the Hellroaring Fire, Mink Fire, and Falls Fire areas.

Conclusions

Rates of recovery for burned forest areas to pre-1988 biomass levels were estimated from a unique combination of remote sensing and CASA model predictions. Ecosystem production and carbon fluxes in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) result from complex interactions between climate, forest age structure, and disturbance-recovery patterns of the landscape.     

Unification and harmonization in true color image city map

True color image city map is a sort of new-style map which combines the high resolution image and map symbols and shows both advantages in visualization. At the same time, the map unification and harmonization should be taken into account during the design process, since some visual conflicts appear when map symbols overlaid on the true color image. The objective of this research is to explore the rules in the process of true color image city map design based on chromatic and aesthetic knowledge. At the end, taking the Image Atlas of Guangzhou as an example, image color adjustment, road network presentation, and symbol designing issues will be discussed in the application.     

多光谱相机基于灰阶靶标的在轨绝对辐射定标

多光谱相机在轨绝对辐射定标是其遥感数据定量化应用的关键环节。高空间分辨率多光谱相机基于大面积灰阶靶标的在轨辐射定标, 以灰阶靶标BRDF、漫射/总辐射比和大气光学厚度等参数的地面测量为主, 通过目标反射辐射与大气程辐射、周围环境辐射的分离, 消除了对气溶胶散射的假设, 简化了定标流程, 突破了基于大面积均匀场定标受到的地理位置和天气状态等条件限制, 该方法有望实现高空间分辨率多光谱相机全动态范围内的高频次、高精度业务化在轨辐射定标。不确定度分析表明, 目前该辐射定标方法可实现4.7%的不确定度, 将来有望提高到3%—4%的水平。对天绘一号多光谱相机进行了基于大面积灰阶靶标的定标试验, 通过两次过顶时刻地面总辐照度变化的比较及靶标观测值的回归分析, 初步判断两次定标时间内多光谱相机波段3的性能发生了变化。