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891.
我国城市规划中气候信息应用回顾与展望 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
城市规划中气候信息的应用经历了从早期的风玫瑰图利用到考虑风、温、湿、压等要素的气候适宜性分析以及目前关注城市通风环境、热环境以及污染敏感区的城市环境气候图技术的历程。气候信息获得的途径也从数量极为有限的基本气象观测站资料到空间加密的自动气象站资料、更精细的气象数值模式以及精细化地理信息技术的应用。同时,细化的技术导则和规范的建立以及不同行业间的联合发文有力推动了气候信息的实际应用。此外,研究展示了近年开展的伊犁、深圳、北京实际案例主要内容。最后,针对未来我国将根据大气环流特征和生态环境承载能力、走优化城镇空间布局和城镇规模结构的新型城镇化道路,从工作层面和技术层面给出了需要不断完善并深入研究的几个重点。 相似文献
892.
新生代全球变冷与青藏高原隆升的关系 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
文中综合分析可以影响新生代全球变冷的四种原因,提出青藏隆升对新生代大气CO2浓度降低起主导作用,对新生代全球气温的降低起关键控制作用。这种作用是通过青藏高原隆升加剧全球硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩的化学风化、有机碳埋藏、植物的光合作用来实现的。而且,青藏高原隆升有可能同洋流改变和行星轨道参数变化于第三纪末至第四纪共同对新生代全球变冷起控制作用。因此,目前首先解决的科学目标应该是:精确刻划青藏高原隆升时代和幅度,并确定青藏高原隆升对新生代全球变冷的贡献,确定一种以青藏高原隆升为主导作用的控制新生代全球变冷的综合模式。 相似文献
893.
利用龙门山区域重力网经平差处理和去基准点干扰、去高程变化影响的1997-2007年11期重复重力观测数据,借助密度的三维反演方法,分析研究了龙门山地区地壳各深度的介质密度的动态变化特征。结果显示:汶川8.0级地震孕育发生过程中区域密度场的整体时空分布均表现出显著特征,从时间进程来看,震前十年的密度变化趋势呈现阶段性变化:密度变化平稳阶段—变化剧烈阶段(加速增加—缓慢减少)—变化缓慢减少阶段—密度变化缓慢增加阶段,密度变化程度由强到弱,表明大地震孕育达到了最后阶段;从空间分布来看,密度变化分布有“分散—相对集中”的趋势,震前地下密度场具有熵值减小的现象;密度变化剧烈地方多发生在龙门山断裂带及其以西的川西高原上。此外,随深度的增加,密度变化趋势越来越明显。通过比较分析,在汶川地震前密度变化对重力的影响远远超过高程变化对重力的影响。 相似文献
894.
在地理信息技术的支持下,修正单纯的权重叠加法,采用潜力-限制性分析法分析了兰州新区建设用地的生态潜力和生态阻力,对其生态适宜性做出科学评价,得到兰州新区可用作建设用地的理想区域。结果表明:(1)兰州新区建设用地开发的生态潜力总体以一级为主,二级次之,三级和四级区所占比重较小;(2)一级生态阻力主要分布在新区南部山地,主要表现为地形复杂、工程地质条件差、地质灾害发生频繁等;(3)兰州新区建设用地生态适宜性达一级的面积所占比重最大,为39 425.91 hm2,占新区总面积的48.91%。三级适宜区面积最小,仅为6 513.2 hm2,占新区总面积的8.08%。对应于生态适宜性评价结果,兰州新区土地应用可划分为集中建设区、重点开发区、限制建设区和禁止建设区。其中,集中建设区和重点建设区应为兰州新区建设用地开发的理想区域。 相似文献
895.
Zhanfei Liu Rachel L. Sleighter Junyan Zhong Patrick G. Hatcher 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
How dissolved organic matter (DOM) undergoes chemical changes during its transit from river to ocean remains a challenge due to its complex structure. In this study, DOM along a river transect from black waters to marine waters is characterized using an offline combination of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS), as well as tandem ESI-FTICR-MS. In addition, a water extract from degraded wood that mainly consists of lignins is used for comparison to the DOM from this transect. The HPLC chromatograms of all DOM samples and the wood extract show two major well-separated components; one is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic, based on their elution order from the C18 column. From the FTICR-MS analysis of the HPLC fractions, the hydrophilic components mainly contain low molecular weight compounds (less than 400 Da), while the hydrophobic fractions contain the vast majority of compounds of the bulk C18 extracted DOM. The wood extract and the DOM samples from the transect of black waters to coastal marine waters show strikingly similar HPLC chromatograms, and the FTICR-MS analysis further indicates that a large fraction of molecular formulas from these samples are the same, existing as lignin-like compounds. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments show that several representative molecules from the lignin-like compounds have similar functional group losses and fragmentation patterns, consistent with modified lignin structural entities in the wood extract and these DOM samples. Taken together, these data suggest that lignin-derived compounds may survive the transit from the river to the coastal ocean and can accumulate there because of their refractory nature. 相似文献
896.
897.
Chunying Chang Fangbai Li Chengshuai Liu Jianfeng Gao Hui Tong Manjia Chen 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(4):329-339
Soil secondary minerals are important scavengers of rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and thus affect geochemical behavior and occurrence of REEs. The fractionation of REEs is a common geochemical phenomenon in soils but has received little attention, especially fractionation induced by secondary minerals. In this study, REEs (La to Lu and Y) associated with soil-abundant secondary minerals Fe-, Al-, and Mn-oxides in 196 soil samples were investigated to explore the fractionation and anomalies of REEs related to the minerals. The results show right-inclined chondrite-normalized REE patterns for La–Lu in soils subjected to total soil digestion and partial soil extraction. Light REEs (LREEs) enrichment features were negatively correlated with a Eu anomaly and positively correlated with a Ce anomaly. The fractionation between LREEs and heavy REEs (HREEs) was attributed to the high adsorption affinity of LREEs to secondary minerals and the preferred activation/leaching of HREEs. The substantial fractions of REEs in soils extracted by oxalate and Dithionite-Citrate-Bicarbonate buffer solutions were labile (10 %–30 %), which were similar to the mass fraction of Fe (10 %–20 %). Furthermore, Eu was found to be more mobile than the other REEs in the soils, whereas Ce was less mobile. These results add to our understanding of the distribution and geochemical behavior of REEs in soils, and also help to deduce the conditions of soil formation from REE fractionation. 相似文献
898.
Ying Zhang Zhenbo Lv Bo Guan Yuanjin Liu Fan Li Shaowen Li Yuanqing Ma Junbao Yu Yunzhao Li 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(10):1027-1034
Laizhou Bay, located in the northwest of Shandong Peninsula, has complex transitional environments between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In the present study, a total of 122, 131, and 139 species were collected in spring, summer, and autumn 2011, respectively. Species constitutions of macrobenthos were grouped into four phyla, of which annelida were the most abundant phylum, the average biomass proportion of echinodermata was the lowest, and the proportion of important species for mollusca was the highest. The structure of the macrobenthic community showed significant differences between sites, and greater divergence was observed between the third site (S03) and other stations. The ABC plots showed that the biomass curve lay below the abundance curve, and the W‐statistic value was negative. The result of the BOPA index showed that two stations had moderate ecological status in spring and that there were two heavily polluted sites and one moderately polluted site in summer. The BIO‐ENV analyses indicated that the grain‐size fractions together with trace metals (Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr) could be considered as the major environmental variables influencing the macrobenthic patterns. The results together demonstrated that the macrobenthic communities in Laizhou Bay were negatively affected, perhaps by the tremendous impact of heavy metals in the sediments. 相似文献
899.
本文介绍了石英光电磁变仪及其数字化采集,记录的设计和实现,并讨论了数字磁变仪系统在地磁台站的应用结果。 相似文献
900.
The Jiaocbang arcuate structure is one of the numerous arcuate structural belts in Sichuan. The present paper gives a further argument about the characteristics of that arcuate structure and the new activity of the Songpinggou fault and affirms that the Songpinggou fault is an active fault in the Holocene epoch. The Diexi M7.5 earthquake took place in 1933 on the west wing of that arcuate structure, near the apex of the arc. Many authors have given quite different opinions about the genetic structure of that earthquake. The authors have made on-the-spot investigations time and again over recent years. Besides this, the authors have also further studied the shape of intensity contour lines, the distribution characteristics of ground surface seismic hazards, the left-lateral dislocation of buildings along the Songpinggou fault, the NWtrending ground fissures that developed on the ground surface after earthquake, and so on. On this basis, it is still considered that the seismogenic fault of the 1933 Diexi M7.5 earthquake was the Songpinggou fault on the west wing of the Jiaochang arcuate structure. 相似文献