冲绳海槽的深源矿物碳硅石

在冲绳海槽南部海底沉积物中，首次发现了颗粒状α－碳硅石晶体，产地水深为１５００－２０００ｍ，地表变化复杂，有海底山存在，当地沉积物为灰褐色软泥，伴生有较多的火山喷发型碎屑矿物，其中钛铁矿，辉石等晶形完好，表面有熔蚀现象，不同世代晶体的连生现象也较普遍。此外还有钩鱼岛石，刚玉，石榴石，磁铁矿，磁黄铁矿等。     

Relationship between deep-sea fish distributions and oceanic conditions of the East China Sea

Ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｄｅｅｐ－ｓｅａｆｉｓｈｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｏｃｅａｎｉｃｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ￥ＳｈｅｎＪｉｎ＇ａｏ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ１７，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄ...     

Determination of wave energy dissipation factor and numerical simulation of wave height in the surf zone

Based on the time-dependent mild slope equation including the effect of wave energy dissipation, an expression for the energy dissipation factor is derived in conjunction with the wave energy balance equation. The wave height of regular and irregular waves is numerically simulated by use of the parabolic mild slope equation considering the energy dissipation due to wave breaking. Comparison of numerical results with experimental data shows that the expression for the energy dissipation factor is reasonable. The effects of the wave breaking coefficient on the breaking point and the distribution of wave height after breaking are discussed through the study of a specific experimental topography.     

Ultimate Strength Analysis of Offshore Jacket Platform

- The ultimate strength analysis of offshore jacket platforms is a research project which has been developed in recent years. With the rapid development of marine oil industry, the departments of design and IMR (Inspection, Maintenance and Repair) in the offshore engineering have attached great importance to this project. The research procedure applies to both the stress check of new design platforms and the whole safety assessment of existing platforms. In this paper, we combine the pseudo non-linear technique with the linear analysis program and successfully analyze the ultimate strength of the space frame structure subject to the concentrated load and a real jacket platform subject to the dead load and environmental load.     

南沙群岛多毛类背褶沙蚕属一新种

于１９８８年，中国科学院南海海洋研究所在南沙群岛进行综合考察，在采集到的多毛类标本中，发现了背褶沙蚕Ｔａｍｂａｌａｇａｍｉａ的一新种，其与代表种背褶沙蚕Ｔ．ｆａｕｖｅｌｉ和东方背褶沙蚕Ｔ．ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ在眼、双背须出现的刚节数以及背须的形状等有明显的区别，故定名为中华背褶沙蚕Ｔａｍｂａｌａｇａｍｉａ ｓｉｎｉｃａ，模式标本保存于中国科学院南海海洋研究所。     

On the deep sea demersal fish communities of the East China Sea

Cluster analysis of data on the species similarity index offish samples taken at various sampling stations of different depths by the R /V " Dongfang " of the East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, during the deep sea demersal fish resources survey in May - November, 1981, showed deep sea demersal fish fauna of the western part of the East China Sea can be grouped into the following communities :1)The outer continental shelf community ,2)The continental slope community, and3)The western Okinawa Trough community .The authors found that not only the species diversity index, but also the species similarity index are important criteria to reflect the structure of biotic community.     

江汉平原地下水化学特征及水流系统分析

江汉平原水质性缺水问题日益突出,识别江汉平原地下水流系统分布模式,对地下水资源的合理利用与保护具有重要意义.选取江汉平原典型区域,综合水文地质条件、水动力场及水化学同位素指标深入分析地下水补给过程、水岩作用及滞留时间.得出由于碳酸盐岩的溶解,研究区的地下水化学类型属于HCO3-Ca (Mg)型.地下水中典型离子随深度增加逐渐降低,同位素随深度增加逐渐偏负,表现出地下水流系统呈局部与区域水流系统的特点,系统深度界限在10~20m.独立而复杂的局部水流系统在平枯水期地下水向河渠地表水排泄.根据3H的含量,局部水流为现代水,水循环交替迅速.受地形控制,中深层地下水总体由西和西北向东和东南径流,汇入汉江和长江,为区域水流系统.由于补给源的高程效应,区域水流的18O值存在明显分区,指示不同的补给来源与水流路径.山前丘陵区基本为现代水,向平原腹地纵深至汉江和长江排泄区,地下水年龄在几百年至6000a不等,水循环交替缓慢.研究发现江汉平原低洼排泄区存在区域水流的顶托补给,可为原生劣质水的分布与聚集研究提供依据.     

Spatial variations of throughfall through secondary succession of evergreen broad‐leaved forests in eastern China

Linking spatial variations of throughfall with shifting patterns during forest succession is important for understanding developmental patterns of ecosystem function. However, no such approach has been previously used for the chronosequence of evergreen broad‐leaved forests in subtropical regions. This study was conducted in a chronosequence of secondary forest succession in Tiantong National Forest Park, to determine the optimum number of collectors within certain limits of error. Throughfall was 66, 55 and 77% of gross precipitation in an early‐succession (SS), sub‐climax (SE) and climax (CE) forest, respectively. The coefficient of variations (CV) of throughfall reduced with increasing rainfall amounts. Monte Carlo resampling approach was used to find mean values and 90 and 95% confidence intervals of a variable number of collectors (n) ranging from 2 to 24. During the study period, with nine collectors at SS, five at SE and five at CE, the error in the mean individual throughfall did not exceed 10%, respectively. This error was reduced to 5% when using 16, 10 and 10 collectors at SS, SE and CE, respectively. The CVs decreased greatly with increasing sample size when the sample size was less than 16 for the three successional stages, regardless of rainfall amounts. Based on the Student's t‐value analysis of the mean individual throughfall volumes, a sample size of 16 at SS, five at SE and four at CE would be enough for throughfall estimates at an accepted error of 10% of 95% confidence level, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that the 25 of collectors used in the present study were sufficient to estimate the throughfall value at an accepted error of 10% at 90 and 95% confidence levels, even for those small rainfalls in eastern China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于唐宋文人足迹集聚性分析的中心文化城市变迁

中国历史文化研究一直是中国文学研究的热点,大量的研究都是基于文学作品本身或文人个体特征进行,缺乏大数据的支持;历史的发展是大量个体共同驱动的结果,文化地理中众多文人的行为潜在影响着古代文化分布和变迁。本文提出基于文人群体运动行为的位置关联和聚合的大数据分析方法,根据唐宋时期文人的移动足迹数据来论证中国历史上的文化中心城市的变迁。文化地理领域中的3次文化中心转移的观点,是基于3次历史事件驱动的定性推理分析,缺乏有效的古代文化方面的数据支撑。本文力图从数据科学、信息科学和GIS分析角度来审视这一结论。从人文领域已经出版的学术研究著作中采集唐宋时期具有代表性作家的11万条足迹数据,利用GIS的位置关联技术形成足迹图,构建了文人迁徙网络图;并采用空间化的PageRank算法计算出唐宋时期各城市的文化吸引力,直观地呈现出了不同时期文人聚集的中心城市,重塑唐宋文化中心变迁。同时,从定量、地理位置变化和时序角度剖析了中国不同时期城市的文化吸引力的分布和变化。为论证中国文化中心的南北变迁,对唐宋时期的城市文化吸引力聚合,以20年间隔来科学计算出南北文化中心的对比和演变,科学表现文化中心的南北随时间的变化,论证了中国文化中心3次南移的后2次,发现中国文化中心南移的时间早在北宋时期就已完成。