南黄海陆架沉积学研究

黄海中部、济州岛西南,存在厚层的泥质沉积,它们分别与上述地区的冷涡活动区相对应。在两个泥质沉积区之间又出现连接它们的通道,形成别有特征的“冷涡-通道”沉积体系。经分析发现,这个沉积体系,完全受控于黄海暖流、冷涡及其相关的环流体系。此外,在黄海西南部及东海北部海底发现大面积砂岩及其砾石,揭示了黄、东海陆架沉积物的新源地。     

铁路隧道GPS网布设的精度分析

探讨了隧道GPS网在设计阶段估算横向贯通误差的基本理论,对按该理论编制的软件进行了计算正确性的验证。结合铁路测量规则对不同长度的隧道GPS网横向贯通误差进行了计算分析,提出了分设隧道GPS网的一些基本原则和隧道GPS网横向贯通误差的近似估算方法。     

对中国大陆区域地磁场提取的认识

本文从球谐函数理论的物理含义、中国地磁数据的分布情况及实际计算结果的分析,提出对当前用球谐函数拟合法提取中国大陆区域地磁异常的几点认识。     

用小波包识别地震和矿震

在能检测到天然地震和矿震的区域，这两类地震的快速识别无论对于区域台网和矿区台网都具有现实意义。这两类震动都是非稳态信号，用传统的Fourier变换不能提取出信号的特征信息，小波包分析方法却能很好提取出信号的特征信息。本文提供了一种基于非参数识别算法，即把信号变换到频域，然后再用奇异值分解作为统计工具，提取出信号的特征信息，作为识别天然地震和矿震的识别因子。以辽宁抚顺2001年1月1日到2003年6月30的18个矿震和16个天然地震，以及北京门头沟2001年1月1日到2002年12月31日的15个矿震和14个天然地震为样本，提取出识别因子。最后，用其它的天然地震和矿震资料检验了识别因子的识别率。     

New progress and problems of Quaternary moraine dating in the Tibetan Plateau

Since the 20th century, numerous Quaternary moraine dating methods have emerged, including lichenometric, moraine 14C, quartz sand thermoluminescence （TL）, electron spin resonance （ESR）, optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） and 10Be, 26A1, 36C1, 3H, 21Ne nuclide dating methods. These dating methods are widely applied to determine moraine ages and have provided a large dataset. Unfortunately each method has its defects. In this paper, we will review these various dating methods and provide some comments.     

一次强冰雹过程的物理机制分析

从冰雹形成所需具备的三个条件入手,详细分析了2002年7月19日出现在郑州地区的强冰雹过程。结果表明：水汽条件、不稳定层结、外部抬升力等条件同时满足,易导致强对流性天气的产生;适宜的0℃层和-20℃层高度及大的环境风垂直切变有利于雹粒的增长;低空水平螺旋度和差动位温平流与此次强雹落区有较好的对应关系。     

国家地震速报备份系统的部署与运行

国家地震速报备份系统是由中国地震局出资,在广东省地震台网中心建设的一套全自动地震速报系统.本文介绍了国家地震速报备份系统的职责、系统架构、主要功能模块、系统工作原理、部署情况与台网规模,分析了系统2009-2010年运行两年来的工作情况,并对系统自动产出的地震定位结果进行初步的统计与比较,对系统运行的总体效果给予了初步...     

A 150-year isotopic record of lead deposition in Yancheng coastal wetland,China

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead(Pb) deposition patterns from industrialization in sedimentary archives. As a well-known natural reserve in the world, Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province is one of areas most sensitive to global sea level change and is located in the most developed and polluted region of China. Two cores were collected in Yancheng wetland in October 2013 and dated using ~(210)Pb and ~(137)Cs radiometric techniques. Sediments in both cores were sectioned into depth bands and examined systematically for dry bulk density, water content, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size. Multiple elements including Pb were also measured using inductively coupled plasma systems. Unsupported ~(210)Pb activities decreased with depth in both of the two cores, and ~(210)Pb chronologies were established(covering 150 years) using the constant rate of supply(CRS) model. The measured Pb contents ranged from 14.97 mg/kg to 29.40 mg/kg with average values of 17.17–22.79 mg/kg, and the Pb fluxes ranged from 41.70 mg/(m~2·yr) to 172.70 mg/(m~2·yr) with averages of 95.59–123.41 mg/(m~2·yr). Temporal variations of Pb flux, enrichment factors and Pb isotopes show a gradual and continuous increase over time and clearly reflect increased emissions from anthropogenic activities in the region. The Pb isotopic compositions show that most of Pb deposition in Yancheng wetland is input from natural sources by water flows and has the same levels of Pb as in the surface sediment of the Yangtze River and the Pacific mineral aerosol. We also stress the anthropogenic Pb contribution in Yangcheng wetland sediment and the reason of our Pb isotopes not showing anthropogenic signature is likely the instability of anthropogenic Pb in high Fe/Mn oxide conditions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take action to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.     

New-type urbanization in China: Predicted trends and investment demand for 2015–2030

The future development of new-type urbanization has drawn great attention from both the government and public alike. In this context, the present study had three related research aims. Firstly, it sought to predict the urbanization and population dynamics in China at both national and provincial levels for the period of 2015 to 2030. Secondly, on this basis, it sought to examine the spatial variation of urbanization given the predicted national urbanization rate of 70.12%. Thirdly, it sought to estimate and evaluate the national and provincial demands of investment in the development of new-type urbanization. The main conclusions from this study were as follows: (1) The population size and urbanization rate will reach 1.445 billion and 70.12%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. (2) The demographic dividend will vanish when the population pressure reaches its maximum. During this period, there will be 70.16 million urban population born. The suburban population that becomes urbanized will be 316.7 million, and thus the net increase in urban population will reach 386 million. (3) Although the urbanization rate of every Chinese province will increase during 2015–2030, it will do so unequally, while differences in urbanization quality among provinces will also be substantial. In some provinces, moreover, the urbanization quality is not compatible with their eco-social development. (4) A total of 4,105,380 billion yuan is required to fund new-type urbanization and the investment demand for each province varies greatly; for example, Guangdong province requires the most funding, amounting to approximately 148 times that required by Tibet, the province in least need of funding. In the final part of this study, policy suggestions concerning the investment of the new-type urbanization are put forward and discussed.     

利用MM5模式输出产品制作空气质量预报方法探讨

根据2004年中尺度数值预报模式MM5输出产品和临沂市环境监测中心逐日监测资料建立了各污染物浓度预报方程,在2005年夏季的试报中,该方程的试报效果较差,其预报准确率明显低于其历史拟合率。为了提高预报准确率,利用逐步回归筛选的因子及统计模型研究中的有关数据,探讨了使用卡尔曼滤波方法制作空气污染物浓度预报的问题。分析发现,利用卡尔曼滤波方法制作空气质量预报可以取得比较满意的效果。