胶北晚中生代煌斑岩的岩石地球化学特征及其成因研究

胶北煌斑岩分别采自龙口、烟台和威海地区，包括拉辉煌斑岩、斜闪正煌岩和角闪煌斑岩，煌斑岩K—Ar全岩年龄变化于89．3～169．5Ma，为晚中生代岩浆活动的产物。在岩石化学组成上，SiO2=42．02％～54．95％，以钙碱性系列为主．岩石以富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）（Ba，U，K，Th）和LREE，亏损高场强元素（HFSE）（Nb，Ta和Ti）为特征，Mg^#=33．9～53．9，Eu／Eu^＊=0．71～0．89，^87Sr／^86Sr初始比值0．707642～0．709791，εNd（t）为-17．6～-10．4，^206Pb／^204Pb=37．588～38．431，^207Pb／^204Pb=15．423～15．531，^206Pb／^204Pb=17．204～18．179。表明煌斑岩源自俯冲陆壳（扬子下地壳）在地幔源区发生交代作用时形成的富集型地幔的部分熔融体．考虑到煌斑岩具有大陆边缘弧玄武岩的特征，我们认为煌斑岩在成因上同样与古大洋板块的俯冲作用有关，为碰撞后弧岩浆作用形成的脉岩。     

黑龙江省春季浅层(0～20cm)地温变化特征及预报

利用1981-2012年黑龙江省74个气象观测站的气温、0 cm、10 cm、20 cm地温春季(3-5月)逐日资料,分析了黑龙江省春季浅层地温、气温变化特征.结果表明:0 cm地温年际间波动大,全省平均1987年最低,2008年最高;全省变化存在明显的空间一致性;尽管气候变暖使1990年代以后春季0 cm地温偏低年出现相对减少,但是出现春季浅层地温偏低的年份比例仍超过三分之一,并具有南部、北部反向变化的特征,2005年以后南北差异有减小的趋势.各地3月份开始解冻,主要农区10 cm地温稳定通过6℃的日期主要集中在4月中下旬.以10 cm地温为预报量,利用黑龙江省逐日气温、20 cm地温资料建立春季浅层地温预报模型,回代和2013年预报检验平均绝对误差平均为1.05℃,绝对误差最大值为1.9℃,4月份的预报结果要好于3、5月,可以应用于业务指导.     

东北冷涡持续活动时期的北半球500 hPa环流特征分析

分别对5月和6～8月东亚东北冷涡活动典型的多寡年份北半球500 hPa高度距平场进行合成、频次累积和相关分析,结果表明:东亚东北冷涡持续性活动不仅与前期、同期和后期北半球的大气环流异常密切相关,而且也是异常区的重要组成部分;500hPa 5月和6～8月东北冷涡活动多寡年的同期500hPa高度距平合成场差异显著;6～8月东北冷涡典型多寡年的同期距平场均与前冬(12～2月)的主要异常区反位相,存在半年尺度的遥相关,与北太平洋涛动(NPO)类同的500 hPa高度距平场,如前冬呈正位相,预报6～8月东北冷涡持续活动弱,反之,冷涡持续活动强;合成场和相关场通过信度检验的关键区主要位于东亚中高纬度至阿留申群岛及其以南的副热带地区、青藏高原接近巴基斯坦一侧和北非乍得盆地与撒哈拉大沙漠等地区;由此可以认为东亚地区中高纬度5月和6～8月东北冷涡持续性活动是北半球大气环流异常持续或调整的重要表征.     

垂直风切变对热带气旋强度及结构的影响

利用一个非静力、原始方程热带气旋模式(TCM4),通过对f平面不同强度的垂直风切变下理想热带气旋的模拟后发现:29.15°C的海温下理想热带气旋最大可能强度(MPI)接近910hPa,近中心最大风力可达到76 m·s-1左右。在理想条件下,能抑制热带气旋强度甚至减弱的垂直风切变临界值在8～10m·s-1。由于切变造成涡度平流随高度变化,使得在顺切变前部以及左侧边界层附近产生辐合,伴随着空气的气旋式螺旋上升,外流层对应区域产生辐散,从而使得强对流和强降水发生在顺切变左侧。     

Simulation of quasi-linear mesoscale convective systems in northern China: Lightning activities and storm structure

Two intense quasi-linear mesoscale convective systems(QLMCSs) in northern China were simulated using the WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model and the 3D-Var(three-dimensional variational) analysis system of the ARPS(Advanced Regional Prediction System) model.A new method in which the lightning density is calculated using both the precipitation and non-precipitation ice mass was developed to reveal the relationship between the lightning activities and QLMCS structures.Results indicate that,compared with calculating the results using two previous methods,the lightning density calculated using the new method presented in this study is in better accordance with observations.Based on the calculated lightning densities using the new method,it was found that most lightning activity was initiated on the right side and at the front of the QLMCSs,where the surface wind field converged intensely.The CAPE was much stronger ahead of the southeastward progressing QLMCS than to the back it,and their lightning events mainly occurred in regions with a large gradient of CAPE.Comparisons between lightning and non-lightning regions indicated that lightning regions featured more intense ascending motion than non-lightning regions;the vertical ranges of maximum reflectivity between lightning and non-lightning regions were very different;and the ice mixing ratio featured no significant differences between the lightning and non-lightning regions.     

Mass Concentration and Mineralogical Characteristics of Aerosol Particles Collected at Dunhuang During ACE-Asia

Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). The mean mass concentrations of total suspended particle matter during the spring of 2001 and 2002 were 317 μg m?3 and 307 μg m?3, respectively. Eleven dust storm events were observed with a mean aerosol concentration of 1095 μg m?3, while the non-dusty days with calm or weak wind speed had a background aerosol loading of 196 μgm?3 on average in the springtime. The main minerals detected in the aerosol samples by X-ray diffraction were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite. Gypsum, halite and amphibole were also detected in a few samples. The mineralogical data also show that Asian dust is characterized by a kaolinite to chlorite (K/C) ratio lower than 1 whereas Saharan dust exhibits a K/C ratio larger than 2. Air mass back-trajectory analysis show that three families of pathways are associated with the aerosol particle transport to Dunhuang, but these have similar K/C ratios, which further demonstrates that the mineralogical characteristics of Asian dust are different from African dust.     

一次强冰雹过程的物理机制分析

从冰雹形成所需具备的三个条件入手,详细分析了2002年7月19日出现在郑州地区的强冰雹过程。结果表明：水汽条件、不稳定层结、外部抬升力等条件同时满足,易导致强对流性天气的产生;适宜的0℃层和-20℃层高度及大的环境风垂直切变有利于雹粒的增长;低空水平螺旋度和差动位温平流与此次强雹落区有较好的对应关系。     

豫西一次强对流天气过程的诊断分析

2010年9月4日凌晨,豫西地区出现罕见的强对流天气过程,造成严重损失.利用1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料、常规观测资料、卫星观测资料以及多普勒雷达资料,对此次过程进行诊断分析.结果表明,此次强对流天气过程中不仅具有明显的低层辐合、高层辐散的气流垂直运动,而且在多普勒雷达上有明显的辐合型中气旋存在.通过对垂直积分液态水...     

青藏高原东南部第四纪右旋剪切运动

通过对藏东南嘉黎断裂和滇西北断裂实地考察研究，表明青藏高原南部不存在统一的边界走滑断裂。嘉黎断裂的西段位于青藏高原南部，是一个南北挤压作用下的东西向伸展构造区，发育近南北向的地堑系，嘉黎断裂西段是这些地堑之间的转换断层，具有较高的右旋走滑速率。滇西北断裂与红河断裂构成川滇菱形块体的西南边界，该块体具有向东南逃逸和顺时针旋转运动。