Study of portable infrastructure-free cell phone detector for disaster relief

Natural Hazards - In this paper, we investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of rainfall in Qatar, which falls in the arid region of the middle-east. We use rainfall data from 29 rain...     

Early Paleozoic Magmatism and Crustal Evolution in the North Qinling Orogen

<正>1 Introduction The North Qinling orogenic belt is characterized by diverse rocks,multi-phase tectonic-magmatic events,which is composed of not only basement rocks of the Qinling Group,but also numerous magmatic rocks in     

班—怒成矿带西段躬穷左波Fe-Cu矿区侵入岩年代学及地球化学特征

本文对躬穷左波Fe-Cu矿区出露的三套酸性侵入岩进行了系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。年代学测试结果显示花岗斑岩、二长花岗斑岩和钾长花岗岩~(206)Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为147.0 Ma、143.6 Ma和142.8 Ma,矿区存在晚侏罗世—早白垩世存在3期岩浆事件。岩石地球化学组成特征显示,花岗斑岩属准铝质-弱过铝质I型花岗岩;二长花岗斑岩为高钾钙碱性系列,属弱过铝质I型花岗岩;钾长花岗岩经历了强烈的结晶分异作用,属高分异I型花岗岩。岩石微量元素富集Rb、Th、U、Pb而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P元素,Nb/Ta比值接近大陆地壳组成及锆石负的εHf(t)值特征,指示成岩物质以壳源物质为主。躬穷左波晚侏罗世矽卡岩型Fe-Cu矿化事件的发现对于完善班—怒带西段成矿规律和指导区域找矿工作具有重要意义。     

Occurrence of brackish water phytoplankton species at a closed coral reef in Nansha Islands, South China Sea

The phytoplankton assemblage of Zhubi Reef, a closed coral reef in Nansha Islands (South China Sea, SCS) was studied in June 2007. A total of 92 species belonging to 53 genera and four phyla have been identified. The dominant taxa in the lagoon were the diatom Chaetoceros and cyanobacteria Nostoc and Microcystis, while in reef flats were cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum, dinoflagellates Gymnodinium and Prorocentrum. The species richness and diversity were consistently lower in the lagoon than in reef flats. Classification and nMDS ordination also revealed significant dissimilarity in phytoplankton community structure between the reef flat and lagoon, with statistical difference in species composition and abundance between them (ANOSIM, p = 0.025). Nutrient concentrations also spatially varied, with ammonium-enrichment in the lagoon, while high Si-concentration existed in reef flat areas. Both nutrient levels and currents in SCS may play important roles in determining the composition and distribution of microalgae in Zhubi Reef and SCS.     

连续GPS观测中的相关噪声分析

分析了中国地壳运动观测网络GPS基准站位置时间序列中相关噪声的特性.利用最大似然估计反演了幂指数噪声的谱指数;考察了多种噪声模型,发现除闪烁噪声之外,约50%台站的东分量中的相关噪声可用"随机漫步噪声+一阶高斯-马尔可夫噪声"模型来描述,与其它分析机构产出的全球解并不一致,显示出处理策略的不同能够造成相关噪声的差异.白噪声和闪烁噪声的大小存在明显的地理分异,东南沿海台站的噪声要大于西北内陆台站.考虑相关噪声时,各站的速率估计方差要增大一个数量级以上,水平分量多在1mm/a以内,而垂向分量则较大.     

联合GRACE卫星轨道及距离变率数据反演地球重力场方法研究

基于动力学法,研究联合GRACE卫星精密轨道及距离变率数据反演地球重力场的方法,该方法可对重力位系数及卫星初始状态误差同时进行有效校正。通过对各观测值模拟不同的随机误差,研究了不同精度观测值联合反演所能达到的精度,以及用相同精度的观测值进行联合反演时不同采样率对反演结果的影响,模拟计算结果表明：联合反演模式下,当距离变率精度为1 μm/s,卫星位置精度为2~3 cm,速度精度为0.1~0.5 mm/s时,加速度计精度为(1.0×10 ^-10~1.0×10^-9 m/s ²比较适合;将距离变率精度由1 um/s提高到0.1 um/s时,反演精度可获得相应提高;在观测值精度一定的情况下,联合反演算法宜采用5 s采样率。     

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An overview of the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions

With data from the project Collaborative Observation of Semi-arid/Arid Regions in North China, collected during July and September 2008, the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions have been investigated based on the ordinary Kriging interpolation approach. Generally, for the radiation processes, downward and upward short-wave radiation have a uniformly increasing trend with latitude, but the spatial patterns of long-wave radiation present notable regional differences: both upward and downward long-wave radiation increase with latitude in the west of North China, while in the east they vary inversely with latitude, suggesting surface temperature and clouds respectively have feedbacks to the long-wave radiation in the west and east of North China. The surface net radiation basically has a negative latitudinal trend. Long-wave radiation budget plays an important role in the spatial pattern of surface net radiation, particularly in the east of North China, although short-wave radiation budget largely determines the magnitude of surface net radiation. For the energy processes, latent and sensible heat flux varies conversely with latitude: more available land surface energy is consumed by evaporating soil water at lower latitudes while more is used for heating the atmosphere at higher latitudes. A soil heat flux maximum and minimum are found in Loess Plateau and Qinghai Plateau respectively, and a maximum is seen in the northeast China.