Review and Prospect of Information Work on Rock and Soil Mechanics

The information work is a part unable to separate with scientific research of rock and soil mechanics. The review and prospect of information work in out institute are made in brief. Some ideas about the information work for the future are also given in this paper.     

碳酸盐岩油气藏的断裂改造作用——以塔里木盆地为例

多旋回盆地油气藏形成后多经历复杂的构造改造作用,并对油气的保存与分布具有重要的控制作用。结合塔里木盆地油气藏实例分析,将碳酸盐岩油气藏断裂改造作用划分为断裂切割改造、断裂抬升改造、断裂褶皱改造、断裂再活动改造与断裂成岩封闭改造等5种类型。断裂改造方式主要有圈闭变化、盖层减薄、水力作用、压力变化与成岩变化等,并造成油气逸散与补充、水洗与降解及流体性质的变化等,从而导致碳酸盐岩油气藏与油气分布的复杂性。断裂改造作用研究对多旋回油气盆地勘探开发具有重要借鉴意义。     

内蒙古柴胡栏子金矿田燕山期岩浆岩与金矿床

岩相学、岩石化学及稀土元素和微量元素研究证明, 柴胡栏子金矿田的燕山期火成岩组合具有活动大陆边缘弧火成岩组合的特点, 介于典型的靠近海沟的钙碱性弧火成岩与陆内造山火成岩之间的过渡类型。流体包裹体测温 （１８０℃～２９０℃）, 硫同位素 （δ３４ Ｓ＝ ３１‰～７８‰）, 氢氧同位素 （成矿流体以岩浆水为主, 有大气水参与）, 岩石、矿石稀土元素配分特点的相似性等说明金的成矿主要与岩浆作用有关。燕山期岩浆构造作用引起原始矿源层太古界建平群中的金发生活化、迁移, 并在岩浆热液的进一步作用和大气水的参与下, 发生富集沉淀, 形成金矿床。柴胡栏子金矿田的北矿区金矿成矿主要与闪长岩有关, 以蚀变岩型为主。王府矿区金矿化与闪长玢岩脉关系最密切, 以石英脉型为主。岩浆作用为金矿床的形成提供了热源和大部分热液来源, 并且是成矿物质活化和转移的载体。本区金矿床应属与岩浆作用有关的中温热液矿床。     

伦坡拉盆地下第三系储层的成岩作用和储集性能的成岩控因

区内下第三系储层经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀、破裂等一系列成岩作用,成岩作用十分复杂,成岩现象也十分丰富,特征十分明显。储层储集性能的成岩控因研究表明,压实作用、胶结作用是使储层物性变差、孔隙度降低的两个重要成岩控因;而溶蚀作用,特别是深埋溶蚀作用是改善储层储集性能、使储层物性变好的成岩控因之一。     

Joint pattern of seasonal hydrological droughts and floods alternation in China’s Huai River Basin using the multivariate L-moments

Under the current condition of climate change, droughts and floods occur more frequently, and events in which flooding occurs after a prolonged drought or a drought occurs after an extreme flood may have a more severe impact on natural systems and human lives. This challenges the traditional approach wherein droughts and floods are considered separately, which may largely underestimate the risk of the disasters. In our study, the sudden alternation of droughts and flood events (ADFEs) between adjacent seasons is studied using the multivariate L-moments theory and the bivariate copula functions in the Huai River Basin (HRB) of China with monthly streamflow data at 32 hydrological stations from 1956 to 2012. The dry and wet conditions are characterized by the standardized streamflow index (SSI) at a 3-month time scale. The results show that: (1) The summer streamflow makes the largest contribution to the annual streamflow, followed by the autumn streamflow and spring streamflow. (2) The entire study area can be divided into five homogeneous sub-regions using the multivariate regional homogeneity test. The generalized logistic distribution (GLO) and log-normal distribution (LN3) are acceptable to be the optimal marginal distributions under most conditions, and the Frank copula is more appropriate for spring-summer and summer-autumn SSI series. Continuous flood events dominate at most sites both in spring-summer and summer-autumn (with an average frequency of 13.78% and 17.06%, respectively), while continuous drought events come second (with an average frequency of 11.27% and 13.79%, respectively). Moreover, seasonal ADFEs most probably occurred near the mainstream of HRB, and drought and flood events are more likely to occur in summer-autumn than in spring-summer.     

Characteristics of red clay creep in karst caves and loss leakage of soil in the karst rocky desertification area of Puding County,Guizhou, China

The loss of surface soil and water in the karst rocky desertification area of carbonate rock in Chenqi village, Puding County, Guizhou Province was monitored in this study. The results show that the major form of surface soil loss in the area is the loss of soil through underground channels. A creep test of red clay formed by loss through underground channels was conducted. The results of the test show that the creep curve of the red clay samples includes two stages: attenuation creep stage and stable creep stage. The creep law for the red clay samples in the karst cave can be described by Buger’s model. The parameters of Buger’s equation were deduced by fitting the creep curve, which provides the reference for analyzing the surface soil loss leaking through the underground channels.     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地东珺铅锌银矿床地球化学特征

东珺矿床位于海拉尔侏罗纪火山断陷盆地,具有热液蚀变明显、断裂构造控矿显著、矿体多且规模小等特征,为一产于火山岩中的典型热液型铅锌银矿床,火山岩含碱量较高(K2O+Na2O=5.93%～8.26%).Na2O/K2O平均为1.81,轻稀土相对富集(LaN/YbN=16.72～23.31),具轻微的负Eu异常,大离子亲石元...     

Metallogenic age and metallogenic dynamic setting of the Boziguoer super-large rare-rare earth metal deposit in Xinjiang: Insights from monazite U-Th-Pb dating and graphite Laser Raman spectroscopySCIEI北大核心CSCD

波孜果尔碱性岩型Nb-Ta-Rb-Zr-REE矿床位于塔里木克拉通北缘与南天山造山带的接合地段,是近年来在塔里木北缘碱性岩带中发现的规模最大的稀有-稀土综合性矿床。本文通过对含矿岩体中的独居石和晶质石墨包体开展成矿年代学和岩浆形成条件研究,结合含矿碱性岩全岩成分,揭示波孜果尔碱性岩型稀有-稀土金属矿床的岩石地球化学特征、晶质石墨对成岩/成矿的指示、稀土成矿时代和成矿动力学背景,并进一步总结区域成矿指示意义。研究发现,波孜果尔碱性岩以富含碱性暗色矿物(钠铁闪石和霓石)为特征,岩性以正长岩为主,有较高的稀土总量,富集轻稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、U等),亏损重稀土元素和Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,显示强烈的负Eu异常。通过对晶质石墨的研究发现,不同岩相组中石墨的拉曼谱峰相似,显示具有较高的结晶程度,岩浆演化从细晶到伟晶阶段,石墨的无序度增大,可能与烧绿石和锆石等含放射性元素矿物增多使得辐射加强的影响有关。估算石墨的结晶温度介于700~800℃之间,其形成早于碱性岩浆,指示碱性岩浆早期为还原环境,晚期趋于氧化。独居石LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb结果显示波孜果尔稀土矿化时代约为280Ma,结合前人已获得的锆石U-Pb年龄,表明波孜果尔碱性岩浆活动时间从~290Ma到280Ma,持续了至少10Myr。进一步研究发现,从时间和空间上,波孜果尔含矿碱性岩所在的碱性岩带形成与塔里木地幔柱有关。地幔柱就位诱发被先前俯冲物质交代富集稀有-稀土元素和挥发性成分的岩石圈地幔低程度部分熔融形成富成矿元素的碱性岩母岩浆,随后在岩浆演化晚期富集成矿。     

Spatial distribution pattern of ore forming elements in the Bayan Obo deposit and exploration implicationsSCIEI北大核心CSCD

白云鄂博矿床是全球最大的稀土-铌-铁矿床。本文对白云鄂博矿床主矿、东矿赋矿白云岩、不同类型稀土-铌-铁矿石和富钾板岩进行详细的野外地质调查和地球化学成分分析,揭示了成矿元素稀土、铌和主要蚀变元素钠、钾、氟、磷的空间分布规律。结果表明,白云鄂博主采坑比东采坑具有更高的稀土含量,矿体由外围向中心、由浅部向深部有明显的稀土元素(尤其是中-重稀土元素)富集的现象,矿体深部具有更大的中-重稀土元素找矿潜力;成矿元素铌的异常范围与重稀土的异常范围相吻合,表明二者具有密切的共生关系;蚀变元素氟的异常范围与稀土-铌-铁矿体的分布范围相一致,是重要的沉淀成矿元素;蚀变元素磷的异常要明显超过稀土-铌-铁矿体的分布范围,是重要的迁移载体元素;钠化蚀变主要出现在矿体下盘含稀土白云岩中,代表早期高温蚀变过程;钾化蚀变主要发育在矿体上盘的富钾板岩中,代表晚期低温蚀变过程;钾化、萤石化及磷的异常是碳酸岩型稀土矿床最主要的浅部和外围示矿指标。     

莲花山地区成矿作用动力学背景的新认识

莲花山地区位于华北克拉通北缘,在赤峰市西约40km处。该区广泛发育金成矿作用,形成莲花山金矿床。金矿体的赋矿围岩为上太古界建平群变质岩系,属于石英脉型金矿床。我们的研究否定了以往认为本区金成矿作用与燕山期酸性岩浆活动相关的看法,提出金矿化作用发生在印支期,并与该期构造—岩浆活动紧密联系;大量含金石英脉体与大量闪长玢岩脉在空间上伴生,它们的稳定同位素及地球化学等特征均证明金矿化作用与中基性岩浆活动密切相关。此外,首次在本区结晶基底变质岩系中发现韧性滑脱带的存在,提出本区金成矿作用是发生在构造—热隆起的构造环境中,从而对本区金矿形成的动力学背景提出了新的认识。基于上述成果建立了莲花山地区金成矿模式,对金成矿作用的具体动力学过程做了进一步的解释。