多元统计分析在矿井断层预测中的应用

矿井小构造预测是一个难度极大的研究课题,根据岩层厚度、岩层组合关系,运用判别分析、地质统计学等数学方法预测矿井小构造,是一种全新的思想方法。本次研究选取我国西部某一煤矿作为研究对象,研究主采煤层上下岩性变化特征,根据岩石的不同抗压强度,确定五个变量;将已采区的钻孔分为含有断层的钻孔和不含有断层的钻孔,统计这两类钻孔中五个变量的值,建立判别函数,对未采区的钻孔进行判别分类。对每个钻孔的岩层在可采煤层的上下划分成10个层段,判别出每个层段中未知钻孔的归属,从而得到钻孔属于有断层的概率,即断层分布的概率等值线图。经实例验证,精确度达70%以上,对生产矿井具有一定经济效益和实用价值。     

中扬子区东缘中古生界对冲构造体系形成与演化

中扬子区东缘侏罗纪末期—白垩纪早期,受大洪山推覆区南西方向和江南雪峰逆冲推覆区北西方向的强烈挤压,形成了压扭性狭长的对冲构造体系; 两大推覆区的形成主要受深、浅变质岩结晶基底内幕两套拆离滑脱层系的作用,导致沉积盖层压缩沿基底面、志留系底面、泥盆系底面多层次滑脱推覆,产生了多样的挤压和压扭构造类型及其样式; 由造山带向盆内构造变形具有渐变的特点,为不对称式的仰冲(根带)—楔状掩冲(中带)—滑脱推覆(锋带)—对冲带; 持续压扭作用导致产生系列北东向左行走滑断裂将对冲构造体系分割; 白垩纪晚期—下第三纪,挤压转换为伸展环境,断裂负反转回滑成为中新生代断陷主控断裂,认为大洪山推覆区锋带已处于通海口—杨林尾—汉南一线,主体由于受洪湖走滑断裂和通海口断裂回滑的影响,接受了上白垩统—第四系沉积,仅保留了东、西两端弧形构造带古生界出露的构造面貌。     

黔中隆起性质及其构造演化

"黔中隆起"是雏形于晚寒武世郁南运动的东西向平缓隆起,经历了都匀运动水下隆起向陆上隆起的转化发展阶段。通过对比沉积岩相与古地理研究,黔中隆起水陆转换开始于晚奥陶世涧草沟期,即都匀运动发生的时间,鼎盛时期发育在晚奥陶世五峰期至早志留世龙马溪期。广西运动期间,受到来自南部云开地块与桂滇-北越地块的挤压和南东向华夏地块与扬子板块汇聚、碰撞脉动式收缩的远程效应,出现了以黔中背斜、乌当-二比向斜为代表的东西向构造带和以麻江背斜为代表的南北向构造带共存的现象,之后,"黔中隆起"作为独立意义的构造单元消失,与"江南古陆"相连接进入联合发展时期。东吴运动和峨眉山玄武岩的喷发改变了黔中隆起控制东西走向的沉积古地理格架,变为近南北向,黔中隆起与上扬子地区的构造演化彻底融为一体,标志黔中隆起演化的彻底结束。黔中隆起南缘边界的镇远—贵阳断裂中的钾镁煌斑岩单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(261.3±8.0)Ma,很好地指示了黔中隆起作为独立单元发展的最后年限。     

Characteristics of red clay creep in karst caves and loss leakage of soil in the karst rocky desertification area of Puding County,Guizhou, China

The loss of surface soil and water in the karst rocky desertification area of carbonate rock in Chenqi village, Puding County, Guizhou Province was monitored in this study. The results show that the major form of surface soil loss in the area is the loss of soil through underground channels. A creep test of red clay formed by loss through underground channels was conducted. The results of the test show that the creep curve of the red clay samples includes two stages: attenuation creep stage and stable creep stage. The creep law for the red clay samples in the karst cave can be described by Buger’s model. The parameters of Buger’s equation were deduced by fitting the creep curve, which provides the reference for analyzing the surface soil loss leaking through the underground channels.     

甲壳素色谱柱富集－柱前显色快速分光光度法 Ⅶ．环境水样中痕量铝的测定

研究了用甲壳素富集铬天菁Ｓ－Ａｌ的柱前显色分光光度法。在酸性条件下，甲壳素吸附铬天菁Ｓ和铝的络阴离子，其富集倍数高达１００倍。经用ＮＨ＿３·Ｈ＿２Ｏ、ＨＡｃ和丙酮依次洗脱并定容后，在５４５ｎｍ处测定显色溶液吸光度，线性范围在０～１ｍｇ／ＬＡｌ。方法快速，可以用于环境水样中痕量Ａｌ的测定。     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地东珺铅锌银矿床地球化学特征

东珺矿床位于海拉尔侏罗纪火山断陷盆地,具有热液蚀变明显、断裂构造控矿显著、矿体多且规模小等特征,为一产于火山岩中的典型热液型铅锌银矿床,火山岩含碱量较高(K2O+Na2O=5.93%～8.26%).Na2O/K2O平均为1.81,轻稀土相对富集(LaN/YbN=16.72～23.31),具轻微的负Eu异常,大离子亲石元...     

A Cloud Point Extraction Approach Developed for Analyzing Pesticides Prometryne and Isoproturon from Multi‐media

A new analytic methodology based on the cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC (CPE‐HPLC) was developed and successfully applied to determination of the pesticides isoproturon (IPU) and prometryne (PRO) from multi‐media (contaminated water, soil, and food vegetable). Several non‐ionic surfactants including poly ethylene glycol 6000 (PEG‐6000), TritonX‐114, and Triton X‐100 were comparatively analyzed as extraction solvents. Other parameters such as surfactant concentration, ionic strength, and equilibration temperature, and duration were also investigated. The optimal conditions for CPE were presented with 2.4% w/v PEG‐6000, 11% w/v Na₂SO₄ and heating assistance at 50°C for 25 min. The calibration curves for the two analytes were linear ranging from 0.001 to 10.0 mg L^?1, with correlation coefficients being 0.99 determined by a HPLC–UV detector. Under the condition, the average recoveries were 85.4–90.6% for water, 84.4–92.7% for soil, and 84.4–92.1% for vegetable. Thus, the method presented here was proved to be rapid, efficient, and green for extraction and determination of isoproturon and prometryne residues from food and multi‐environmental media.     

基于ISM的城市脆弱性影响因素研究——以日本城市地震救援恢复为例

城市脆弱性受自然环境、经济条件与社会环境等诸多因素影响,且城市脆弱性影响因素之间关系错综复杂.在前人研究基础上,从自然、经济和社会3个维度选取25项影响因素,采用解释结构模型对上述因素进行详细阐述,揭示了影响城市脆弱性的直接因素、间接因素与根本因素的层次脉络:城市结构与功能布局、社会与经济现状直接决定城市灾变敏感性、应对能力与恢复能力高低;在操作层面优化城市的各项功能,实施完善而具体的防灾减灾措施,能间接提高城市应对灾变的防御恢复能力;城市经济总量决定区域范围内脆弱性的总体水平,经济基础是影响城市系统脆弱性的根本因素.最后以日本3.11地震灾害救援恢复为例进行了实证分析.     

Deep-seated structure and gold content of Russia and China contiguous territories

On the contiguous territories of southeastern Russia and northeastern China,many gold-bearing areas are conjugate in space with the gradient zones of the gravity field.Large gold-ore districts,defining in many respects the metallogenic signature of the region,are located on the joints of differently oriented gradient zones.In the best-studied districts,the Precambrian protrusions,staged distribution of magmatic chambers (by vertical) above the Mohorovicic discontinuity and restriction to the peripheral parts of intrusive massifs have been recognized.Different-type gold deposits in the studied ore-placer districts and nodes are often located on the areas of joint of the granitoid massifs and subvolcanic bodies with depressions.Availability of areals of metasomatic alterations of rocks,placers,and ore occurrences of precious metals on such but poorly studied areas can serve as the basis for the revision and detailed forecasting-prospecting works to develop the mineral-raw material base of the region for precious metals.     

低高度角卫星信号对提高对流层估计精度的影响分析

分析低高度角卫星信号对解算精度的影响,运用Bernese软件计算了不同卫星高度角下对流层折射偏差及对高程误差的影响,得出结论为5°截止卫星高度角能获得更好的对流层估算精度和高程定位精度。