Mechanisms controlling the temporal variation of the sea ice edge in the Southern Ocean

This paper examines the mechanism controlling the short time-scale variation of sea ice cover over the Southern Ocean. Sea ice concentration and ice velocity datasets derived from images of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are employed to reveal this mechanism. The contribution of both dynamic and thermodynamic processes to the change in ice edge location is examined by comparing the meridional velocity of ice edge displacement and sea ice drift. In the winter expansion phase, the thermodynamic process of new ice production off the ice edge plays an important role in daily advances of ice cover, whereas daily retreats are mostly due to southward ice drift. On the other hand, both advance and retreat of ice edges in the spring contraction phase are mostly caused by the dynamic process of the ice drift. Based on the above mechanism and the linear relation between the degree of ice production at the ice edge and northward wind speed, the seasonal advance of ice cover can be roughly reproduced using the meridional velocity of ice drift at the ice edge.     

The Levant Slumps and the Phoenician Structures: collapse features along the continental margin of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea

Two distinct series of slumps deform the upper part of the sedimentary sequence along the continental margin of the Levant. One series is found along the base of the continental slope, where it overlies the disrupted eastern edge of the Messinian evaporites. The second series of slumps transects the continental margin from the shelf break to the Levant Basin. It seemed that the two series were triggered by two unrelated, though contemporaneous, processes. The shore-parallel slumps were initiated by basinwards flow of the Messinian salt, that carried along the overlying Plio-Quaternary sediments. Seawater that percolated along the detachment faults dissolved the underlying salt to form distinctly disrupted structures. The slope-normal slumps are located on top of large canyons that cut into the pre-Messinian sedimentary rocks. A layer of salt is found in the canyons, and the Plio-Quaternary sediments were deposited on that layer. The slumps are bounded by large, NW-trending faults where post-Messinian faulted offset was measured. We presume that the flow of the salt in the canyons also drives the slope-normal slumps. Thus thin-skinned halokynetic processes generated the composite post-Tortonian structural patterns of the Levant margin. The Phoenician Structures are a prime example of the collapse of a distal continental margin due to the dissolution of a massive salt layer.     

绒螯蟹种质资源研究进展

本文综述了近年来有关绒螯蟹属在形态学、遗传学和育种学方面的研究进展 ,着重介绍了同工酶、RAPD和 mt DNA技术在绒螯蟹群体遗传学中的应用 ,提出遗传学分类标准的建立是绒螯蟹属分子分类的关键所在。     

斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)蛋白质的氨基酸分析

１９９３年分析了不同大小斑节对虾肌肉中游离氨基酸含量和肌肉蛋白质 的氨基酸组成。虾体肌肉中有各种游离氨基酸存在，但数量很少，而且比例与肌肉 中结合氨基酸不一致。不同大小斑节对虾，其肌肉中氨基酸组成基本一样，不同的 是小虾的半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸含量比中虾、成虾的低；成虾的缬氨酸、异亮氨酸含量比 小虾、中虾的低，而酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸较高。随着虾体的长大，甘氨酸、 丙氨酸的含量逐渐下降，而脯氨酸的含量升高。雌雄虾的氨基酸组成基本一致，只 是雄虾的甘氨酸含量偏低，精氨酸含量偏高。     

Subunit composition and chromophore content of R-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin from Porphyra haitanensis

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条斑紫菜(Porphyra Yezoensis Ueda)和孔石莼(Ulve Pertusa Kjellm)对酸耐受力的研究——Ⅰ.pH对条斑紫菜和孔石莼呼吸强度和致死酸度试验

不同pH海水和不同时间处理紫菜、石莼对呼吸强度和致死酸度试验结果表明,紫菜比石莼耐酸力强。在海水温度为18℃条件下,分别用pH_2、pH_3、pH_4、pH_5、pH_6、pH_7、pH_8处理,处理时间20分钟,紫菜除pH_2处理对呼吸强度有抑制作用和培养5天后有20％死亡外,pH_3、pH_4、pH_5、pH_6、pH_7、pH_8各组处理对呼吸强度都有促进作用,培养5天后没有死亡现象,而石莼经pH_2、pH_3处理,对呼吸强度都有抑制作用,培养5天后,pH_2处理组全部死亡,pH_3处理有50％死亡。pH_3和pH_4在海水温度为18℃条件下,处理时间为40分钟时,对紫菜呼吸强度有促进作用,培养5天报,pH_3处理组仅有20％死亡。而pH_3对石莼呼吸强度有抑制作用,培养5天后,全部灭亡。在生产上是否可以考虑用pH_3的海水处理紫菜网帘以达到消除石莼(杂藻)的目的,将是一项具有生产意义的待试验课题。     

海上油井密封套管内海水冻胀特性试验分析

1998年首次进行了海上油井密封套管内海水冻胀特性模拟试验,建立了一套各种参数的测量系统.文中介绍了管内海水冻结过程、海水过冷温度、结冰水温、轴向冻胀力以及管体应变测量结果.     

Mixed layer variability in Northern Arabian Sea as detected by an Argo float

Seasonal evolution of surface mixed layer in the Northern Arabian Sea (NAS) between 17° N–20.5° N and 59° E-69° E was observed by using Argo float daily data for about 9 months, from April 2002 through December 2002. Results showed that during April - May mixed layer shoaled due to light winds, clear sky and intense solar insolation. Sea surface temperature (SST) rose by 2.3 °C and ocean gained an average of 99.8 Wm⁻². Mixed layer reached maximum depth of about 71 m during June - September owing to strong winds and cloudy skies. Ocean gained abnormally low ∼18 Wm⁻² and SST dropped by 3.4 °C. During the inter monsoon period, October, mixed layer shoaled and maintained a depth of 20 to 30 m. November - December was accompanied by moderate winds, dropping of SST by 1.5 °C and ocean lost an average of 52.5 Wm⁻². Mixed layer deepened gradually reaching a maximum of 62 m in December. Analysis of surface fluxes and winds suggested that winds and fluxes are the dominating factors causing deepening of mixed layer during summer and winter monsoon periods respectively. Relatively high correlation between MLD, net heat flux and wind speed revealed that short term variability of MLD coincided well with short term variability of surface forcing.     

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Sound Speed at the PN Section

Gridded sound speed data were calculated using Del Grosso's formulation from the temperature and salinity data at the PN section in the East China Sea covering 92 cruises between February 1978 and October 2000. The vertical gradients of sound speed are mainly related to the seasonal variations, and the strong horizontal gradients are mainly related to the Kuroshio and the upwelling. The standard deviations show that great variations of sound speed exist in the upper layer and in the slope zone. Empirical orthogonal function analysis shows that contributions of surface heating and the Kuroshio to sound speed variance are almost equivalent. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.