Analysis of a PAH-degrading bacterial population in subsurface sediments on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Little is known about the types and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) existing in the deep-sea subsurface environment, which is believed to be cold, oligothrophic and of high static pressure. PAHs in the upper layers of the water column are unavoidably subjected to degradation while they are deposited to the sea floor and become embedded in the deep-sea sediment. In this report, a high concentration of PAHs was discovered in the sediment 2.7 m beneath the bottom surface at a water depth of 3962 m on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The total concentration of PAHs was 445 ng (g dry wt sediment)^-1. Among the seven detected PAHs, the concentrations of phenanthrene (222 ng g^-1) and fluorene (79 ng g^-1) were relatively high. In addition, PAH-degrading bacteria were found within the sediments. As in a previously detected site on the MAR, in the PAH-enriched region of this site, a bacterium of the genus Cycloclasticus was found to be the predominant isolate detected by PCR-DGGE analysis. In addition, bacteria of the Halomonas, Marinobacter, Alcanivorax, Thalassospira and Maricaulis genera, were also included in the PAH-degrading community. In summary, a high concentration of PAHs was detected in the subsurface of the deep-sea sediment, and once again, the Cycloclasticus bacterium was confirmed to be a ubiquitous marine PAH degrader even in the subsurface marine environment. Considering the abundance of PAHs therein, biodegradation is thus thought to be inactive, probably because of the low temperature, limited oxygen and/or limited nutrients.     

基于Holland台风模型及三重嵌套海浪模式的台风浪数值模拟研究

现有的风场资料存在台风中心附近风速偏低的问题。为改进台风期间风场数据, 使用Holland经验台风模型结合多平台交叉校准数据(cross-calibrated multi-platform, CCMP)及欧洲中期天气预报中心的再分析数据(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis data, ERA5)风场资料, 研究了不同台风最大风速半径(maximum wind radius of the typhoon, RMW)、Holland B参数对模拟效果的影响, 确定了最优模拟参数, 并以改进后的风场驱动三重嵌套海浪模型对台风“威马逊”发生期间的台风浪进行模拟。模拟结果与实测数据对比表明, (1)改进的风场资料与实测结果更为接近, 作为海浪模式驱动项可更好地模拟台风期间波浪状况; (2)三重嵌套海浪模型的波浪模拟效果优于单独的海浪模型。     

川中蓬莱地区须家河组须二段储层成岩相与优质储集层预测

通过岩心观察并综合利用普通薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析等资料,对须二段储层岩石学特征、物性及孔隙结构特征、成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩环境、所处成岩阶段和成岩演化序列等进行了研究。结果表明,须二段储层经历压实压溶、胶结、溶蚀和破裂等成岩作用,现今处于中成岩A 期。根据成岩作用类型和强度、成岩矿物及其对储层物性的影响划分出3种成岩相：强压实自生矿物胶结相、强压实不稳定组分溶蚀相和破碎裂缝相。选取了对成岩相较敏感的声波时差、电阻率、自然伽马、密度和中子5条常规测井曲线和成像测井资料,通过岩心资料刻度测井建立了各成岩相的测井识别标准,将成岩相进行剖面展开和平面成图。再根据有利成岩相的平面展布规律,对蓬莱地区须二段优质储层发育带进行了预测,认为平面上的斜坡中部为主要的优质储集层发育区。     

Establishing the thermal threshold of the tropical mussel Perna viridis in the face of global warming

With increasing recognition that maximum oxygen demand is the unifying limit in tolerance, the first line of thermal sensitivity is, as a corollary, due to capacity limitations at a high level of organisational complexity before individual, molecular or membrane functions become disturbed. In this study the tropical mussel Perna viridis were subjected to temperature change of 0.4 °C per hour from ambient to 8–36 °C. By comparing thermal mortality against biochemical indices (hsp70, gluthathione), physiological indices (glycogen, FRAP, NRRT) and behavioural indices (clearance rate), a hierarchy of thermal tolerance was therein elucidated, ranging from systemic to cellular to molecular levels. Generally, while biochemical indices indicated a stress signal much earlier than the more integrated behavioural indices, failure of the latter (indicating a tolerance limit and transition to pejus state) occurred much earlier than the other indices tending towards thermal extremities at both ends of the thermal spectrum.     

Earthquake early warning scenarios at critical facilities in the Eastern Caribbean

A feasibility study of an earthquake early warning (EEW) system was conducted for the Eastern Caribbean region using scenario earthquakes, corresponding to the maximum credible earthquakes and to the earthquakes associated with a return period of 475 years. Broadband synthetic seismograms were produced at selected critical facilities, where there is potential interest in the installation of an EEW system. The expected damage was derived from the synthetic seismograms and compared with the lead-time determined for both a regional and on-site EEW configuration. Next, the Virtual Seismologist EEW algorithm, as included in SeisComP3, was tested. Additional broadband synthetic seismograms were produced for the stations in the Eastern Caribbean seismic networks in order to simulate the real time behaviour of the seismic networks during the occurrence of the synthetic earthquakes and to assess the predictive capacity of the selected ground motion prediction equation. Expected peak ground parameters and lead-times at the critical facilities constitute the major outcome of the study.     

基于次序权重平均法的购房选择地理空间多准则决策

居民的购房选择是对居住区位进行选择的复杂过程,其实质是居住空间的个人行为决策问题。在调研工作基础上,论文分析并构建了居民购房选择决策评价指标体系,以北京市为实验区应用GIS制作居住适宜性基础准则(指标)地图。研究一种可以适应购房者差异化的购房需求与偏好的购房地理空间决策方法,通过层次分析法提取购房个体的偏好信息,确定个人准则权重。采用次序加权平均算法(Ordered Weighted Averaging,OWA)针对个人准则权重计算个人次序权重,结合二者对居住适宜性基础准则地图进行集结,计算多种决策风险下的个人居住适宜性准则地图,对意向住房进行分析评价,动态生成相应决策方案,为购房者提供购房决策支持,减少主观意愿与客观环境带来的决策风险。最后通过一个实验对以上方法进行实现。     

加强地方地震工作的重要性

结合龙岩市防震减灾工作的实际,分析地方地震部门所具有的社会职能,并从宏观职能、微观职能、联合职能、管理职能4个方面进行探讨,说明地方地震部门应正确行使职能,提出加强地方地震工作的重要性。     

Apparent permeability variation of underground water aquifer induced by an earthquake: A case of the Zhouzhi well and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Taking the M₂ wave as calibration signals, we extract the phase shifts of the water level relative to the Earth tide in the Zhouzhi well by utilizing the cross-correlation function. And we further obtain the apparent permeability variation in the aquifer of the Zhouzhi well in 2008. Comparison with the commonly used tidal analysis software Baytap-G shows that phase shifts obtained by cross-correlation function are more stable. The resulting apparent permeability of the Zhouzhi well aquifer fluctuates with time, indicating it is a dynamically controlled parameter. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused the apparent permeability increasing drastically, which is interpreted as the combination effects of effective stress changes and the barriers removing in the flow channel due to seismic wave pressure pulse. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the effective stress began to recover and the impurities deposited gradually, causing the apparent permeability to decrease a month later and almost recover to the pre-earthquake level in six months.