基于SPI指数的甘肃省河东地区干旱时空特征分析

干旱是西北地区主要的自然灾害之一。本文以甘肃省河东地区作为研究区,基于该地区38个气象站1971-2010年逐月降水数据计算标准化降水指数（SPI指数）,分析了不同时间尺度SPI指数的时间序列特征,探讨了SPI₃和SPI₁₂的年代际距平和倾向率的时空变化,以及特旱、重旱和中旱的发生频次。结果表明：（1）随着时间尺度的增加,SPI指数随机性在减弱,持续性在加强。干旱出现较多的时期为1991-2005年,出现较少的时期为1974-1982年。（2）20世纪80年代以前河东地区偏湿,90年代以后河东地区有偏干的趋势。河东地区行政区划分为7个部分,70-80年代,除甘南地区外,其余地区的SPI₃倾向率均显著增加;80-90年代,河东地区SPI₃倾向率持续减少,减少最明显的为定西地区;90年代到21世纪初,河东地区SPI₃倾向率又有增加趋势。对于SPI₁₂来说,自20世纪70年代到2010年,除甘南、陇南和天水地区的SPI₁₂倾向率为先减少后增加以外,其余地区均呈现先增加,后减小,然后再增加的趋势。（3）3个月时间尺度干旱的分布范围广,发生频次高,主要发生于河东地区的北部。12个月时间尺度的特旱主要发生在河东地区的北部,重旱和中旱主要发生在河东地区的东部。     

汶川8.0级特大地震前的地磁垂直分量日变"双低点"异常

2008年5月9日,我国有13个地磁台(纳入国家地磁台网中心的台站)地磁垂直分量日变形态出现"双低点"异常.这些台站在空间上大致呈交汇的3个条带分布,其交汇处位于四川两部.异常出现3天后的5月12日,正好在四川西部的汶川发生了8.0级特大地震.地磁垂直分量日变"双低点"是客观存在的一种区域地磁异常现象.其成因可能是产生地磁静日变化Sq的外空涡旋电流体系发生变化,或可能是产生地磁静日变化的内源感应涡旋电流体系与外源涡旋电流体系产生数小时的滞后所引起.地磁垂直分量日变"双低点"异常与地震的关系,可能是前者反映了地球深部地震孕育状态的加速变化.     

鄂东铅锌矿床成矿中磷酸盐生物和非生物还原作用的有机地球化学研究

矿床产于三叠系大冶群碳酸盐岩中，有机质来自海相浮游生物和微生物。矿层中有机质发生成熟异常，已达过成熟作用早期。这得到镜质体反射率（Ro达4.6%）和矿物包裹体测温（均—温度达210℃）的证实。部分标本中有机质被微生物降解。硫同位素δ34S值大部分为正值，小部分为负值。综合研究表明在鄂东铅锌硫化物矿床的形成过程中，硫酸盐的生物和非生物还原作用，均具有十分重要的成矿意义。     

金矿床中的有机质及其有机成矿作用

金矿床中的有机质及其有机成矿作用胡凯（南京大学地球科学系,南京２１００９３）关键词金矿床有机质有机成矿作用金矿床中有机质的存在及对有机成矿作用的认识早在本世纪初就引起了许多地球化学家的广泛兴趣。Ｆｒｅｉｓｅ［１］和Ｆｅｔｚｅｒ［２］利用从褐煤和富含有...     

Regional Differences of China′s Urban Expansion from Late 20th to Early 21st Century Based on Remote Sensing Information

This study investigated the regional differences of China′s urban land expansion from the late 1980s to the year of 2008, based on the spatio-temporal analysis of CLCD (China′s land cover/land use database) datasets which were mainly produced from remote sensing imagery data. A newly defined urbanization level index (UI), based on urban land area, is proposed to describe Chinese urban expansion process at 1 kilometer, provincial, regional, and na-tional scales, together with the absolute urban expansion index (UEa) and the relative urbanization expansion index (UEr). The results indicate that the percentages of total land area occupied by urban in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 were approximately 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.43% and 0.52% of China′s total land area, respectively. Between the late 1980s and 2008, the total urban expansion in the mainland of China was 2.645 × 104 km2, resulting in an annual urban expansion area of about 1322.7 km2/yr, with the UEr of 111.9%. This study also finds that there has been an obvious spatial gradient of urbanization ratio running from the east coast to the west inland, and the urbanization gaps among different regions have persisted over the past two decades. The study also reveals obvious temporal varia-tions of the urbanization rates. There was very little urban growth during the period of 1995-2000 due to the governmental policy factors.     

东准噶尔双泉金矿LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及赋矿岩石地球化学特征

为了解双泉金矿成矿时代及成矿环境,分别对双泉金矿含金石英脉和赋矿岩石进行采样测试分析。高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年结果表明,双泉金矿含金石英脉加权平均206Pb/238U年龄为(303.53±0.79)Ma,代表了含金石英脉形成年龄,属晚石炭世前后挤压推覆构造体系产物。与双泉金矿主成矿期年龄对比,结合矿区成矿条件及黄铁矿、毒砂等矿物形态特征,认为该金矿的形成不是一期结果,而是经历了预富集、富集的演化历程。赋矿岩石地球化学分析结果表明,岩石的SiO2、K2O、CaO(SiO2=58.82%~89.25%,K2O=1.12%~4.47%,CaO=0.52%~4.47%)含量高,Na2O含量低(Na2O=0.43%~1.76%),A/CNK值大于1,δ值小于3.3,属过铝质、钙碱性岩石,具富钾钙、贫钠镁特点;Ba相对Rb,Th亏损,K2O含量接近活动陆缘K2O含量,TiO2含量与岛弧TiO2含量接近,推断岩体形成于活动陆缘或岛弧环境;稀土元素具弱的负Eu、负Ce异常,(La/Sm)N值较(Gd/Yb)N值大,轻稀土元素分馏程度高于重稀土元素,表明岩浆具壳幔混熔特点。东准噶尔后碰撞阶段早石炭世至二叠纪晚期发生的陆-陆碰撞造山及伸展张弛构造运动可能是造成此结果的主要构造因素。     

Designing thought,technical line and some theoretical issues on geospatial digital framework of China

Based on the developing tendency of present China's basic GIS, this paper discusses the designing idea for scales of 1∶10 000, 1∶50 000, 1∶250 000 and 1∶1 000 000 pyramidlike multi-layer and multi-resolution of the basic GIS. A technical line for the construction of basic GIS of the whole country and various provinces for sustainable development is put forward. And some important theoretical GIS issues touched by the technical process are discussed.     

Three Super Active Regions in the Descending Phase of Solar Cycle 23

We analyze the magnetic configurations of three super active regions, NOAA 10484, 10486 and 10488, observed by the Huairou Multi-Channel Solar Telescope (MCST) from 2003 October 18 to November 4. Many energetic phenomena, such as flares (including a X-28 flare) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), occurred during this period. We think that strong shear and fast emergence of magnetic flux are the main causes of these events. The question is also of great interest why these dramatic eruptions occurred so close together in the descending phase of the solar cycle.     

Optical Identifications of X—ray Selected AGNs

During the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS; Voges 1992, 1997) about 80,000 X-ray sourceswith a detection likelihood 2 10 were detected, from which 18,811 sources having a PSPC countrate larger than 0.05 ets s--1 and detection likelihood 3 15 were compiled in the RASS-BSC(VOges et al. 1996a). More than 65% RASS sources remain unidentified (Voges et al. 1996b).The optical spectroscopic study of these RASS sources is essential for understanding them moreclearly.The idelltification of X-…     

机载粉剂催化剂播撒设备的研制及其在奥运和残奥消云中的应用

人为引发的下沉气流可以抑制对流云的发展,这一现象已在试验中得到验证。用“人工下沉气流法”实施人工消云试验时,需在云顶大剂量的播撒粉剂催化剂。北京市人工影响天气办公室研制了能完成此类大剂量播撤任务的设备,并通过外场飞行试验对设备进行检验和改进。这是国内人工影响天气领域首个采用空投播撒法的粉剂催化剂播撤设备;可减少催化剂对飞机和播撤设备的污染。分析发现,新设备能够满足人工消云作业中播撒大剂量粉剂催化剂的需要。该设备在北京奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式当日的消云试验作业中投入使用,共实施消云飞行作业9架次,累计利用新设备播撒吸湿性粉剂催化剂34吨。