气象应用平台WebGIS产品测试

中国气象局气象探测中心正在开发建设综合气象观测系统运行监控平台(ASOM:Atmospheric Observing systern Operations Monitoring),平台中部分功能采用webGIS技术实现.为了选择相对较好的WebGIS运行支撑平台,对当前主流的3个WebGIS产品进行了测试.从分析气象应...     

RESEARCH ON AUTOMATIC FOG IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

There is an urgent need for the development of a method that can undertake rapid, effective, and accurate monitoring and identification of fog by satellite remote sensing, since heavy fog can cause enormous disasters to China’s national economy and people's lives and property in the urban and coastal areas. In this paper, the correlative relationship between the reflectivity of land surface and clouds in different time phases is found, based on the analysis of the radiative and satellite-based spectral characteristics of fog. Through calculation and analyses of the relative variability of the reflectivity in the images, the threshold to identify quasi-fog areas is generated automatically. Furthermore, using the technique of quick image run-length encoding, and in combination with such practical methods as analyzing texture and shape fractures, smoothness, and template characteristics, the automatic identification of fog and fog-cloud separation using meteorological satellite remote sensing images are studied, with good results in application.     

煤的变质程度对焦炭结构构造的影响

从宏观和微观两方面对不同变质程度煤所形成焦炭的结构、构造进行了深入研究。从气煤到肥煤阶段（Ｒｏ，ｍ：０．７７％～１．１６％），焦炭气孔壁厚度逐渐增大；进入焦煤阶段（Ｒｏ，ｍ＞１．１６％），焦炭气孔壁厚度降低。气煤、１３焦煤形成的焦炭结构以各向同性体为主，焦煤、肥煤炼出的焦炭以粒状镶嵌结构为主。由气煤和高变质程度的焦煤形成的焦炭，其气孔以微孔和大孔为主，气孔分布标准差Ｄｓ最大；肥煤炼出的焦炭，其气孔分布大小较均一；１３焦煤和低变质程度的焦煤成焦后，气孔分布状况介于上述二者之间     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿区成矿斑岩的岩石地球化学特征与年代学

乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床位于国内重要的二连东乌旗钼矿成矿带中,为近几年新发现的斑岩型钼矿床.本次就该矿床成矿岩体的地球化学及其U-Pb年代学开展相关研究.结果表明: 矿区中的成矿岩体属过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具有与南岭型花岗岩相似的地球化学特征.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,与乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床成矿有关的花岗斑岩形成于中侏罗世((160 ± 1)Ma).因此,可推测乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床斑岩型钼矿的成矿时代为燕山早期.综合研究认为乌和尔楚鲁图斑岩型钼矿床形成于后碰撞的构造环境.     

载金石英的化学成分特征及其意义

利用电子显微镜(EM)及能谱仪(EDS),分析研究了变生热液形成的载金石英的化学成分、离子扩散作用以及金在石英中的赋存状态等问题,探讨了它们的形成和变化机理。研究结果表明:Al~(3+)、Ti~(3+)、TFe、Na~(+)、K~(+)、Ca~(2+)等在石英中为类质同像混入物;石英和黄铁矿之间的离子相互扩散作用,表现为石英中Al离子的带出和Fe离子的带入,黄铁矿中Fe离子的带出和Al离子的带入;石英中呈分散状态分布的金主要为离子金,它们充填在石英结构中,起平衡电价的作用。     

宁夏短期天气预报业务流程

介绍了以宁夏ＭＯＳ预报结果为基本指导产品、结合宁夏气象业务具体情况、通过二次开发建立在微机上的新型短期天气预报业务流程。该流程的建立,使宁夏短期天气预报人员基本摆脱了传统的纸上作业而转向新型的计算机预报平台,使宁夏短期天气预报的自动化水平上了一个新台阶。     

机载粉剂催化剂播撒设备的研制及其在奥运和残奥消云中的应用

人为引发的下沉气流可以抑制对流云的发展,这一现象已在试验中得到验证。用“人工下沉气流法”实施人工消云试验时,需在云顶大剂量的播撒粉剂催化剂。北京市人工影响天气办公室研制了能完成此类大剂量播撤任务的设备,并通过外场飞行试验对设备进行检验和改进。这是国内人工影响天气领域首个采用空投播撒法的粉剂催化剂播撤设备;可减少催化剂对飞机和播撤设备的污染。分析发现,新设备能够满足人工消云作业中播撒大剂量粉剂催化剂的需要。该设备在北京奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式当日的消云试验作业中投入使用,共实施消云飞行作业9架次,累计利用新设备播撒吸湿性粉剂催化剂34吨。     

The characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in arid and semi-arid regions of China

Measurements of the broadband global solar radiation (R _S) and total ultraviolet radiation (the sum of UV-A and UV-B) were conducted from 2005 to 2010 at 9 sites in arid and semi-arid regions of China. These data were used to determine the temporal variability of UV and UV/R _S and their dependence on the water vapor content and clearness index. The dependence of UV/R _S on aerosol optical depth (AOD) and water vapor content was also investigated. In addition, a simple and efficient empirically model suited for all-weather conditions was developed to estimate UV from R _s. The annual average daily UV level in arid and semi-arid areas is 0.61 and 0.59 MJ m^?2 d^?1, respectively. The highest value (0.66?±?0.25 MJ m^?2 d^?1) was recorded at an arid area at Linze. The lowest value (0.53?±?0.22 MJ m^?2 d^?1) was recorded at a semi-arid area at Ansai. The highest daily value of UV radiation was measured in May, whereas the lowest value was measured in December. The monthly variation of the UV/R _s ratio ranged from 0.41 in Aksu to 0.35 in Qira. The monthly mean value of UV/R _s gradually increased from November and then decreased in August. A small decreasing trend of UV/R _s was observed in the arid and semi-arid regions due to recently increasing amounts of fine aerosol. A simple and efficient empirically model suit for all-weather condition was developed to estimate UV from R _s. The slope a and intercept b of the regression line between the estimated and measured values were close to 1 and zero, respectively. The relative error between the estimated and measured values was less than 11.5%. Application of the model to data collected from different locations in this region also resulted in reasonable estimates of UV.     

江西德兴西湾钠长花岗岩的激光质谱~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar等时年龄

对采自江西德兴西湾钠长花岗岩的样品进行了激光质谱４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ年龄测定,得到等时年龄为（９２７９±１８６）Ｍａ。该年龄代表了赣东北蛇绿岩套中浅色侵入体部分的钠长花岗岩冷却到３５０℃左右时的结晶年龄,把它作为该蛇绿岩套形成时代的上限。结合近年来已经发表的有关该区蛇绿岩套的ＳｍＮｄ、ＵＰｂ和４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ同位素年龄数据,本文就该蛇绿岩套的形成年龄和构造侵位年龄进行了讨论。     

裂缝性油藏控水堵水方法研究与应用

随着油田逐渐进入后期开采,调堵井的数量不断增加,所面临的问题是如何在高温、高盐以及裂缝性等恶劣油藏条件下提高采收率技术。目前凝胶类和颗粒类堵剂依然是裂缝性油藏化学调堵体系的主流;另外基于对水体分布、能量预测等油藏地质条件全面认识下的各种物理堵水技术也得到了较好应用。从裂缝性油藏控水堵水难点出发,介绍了国内外的配套技术,重点综述了恶劣油藏条件下的各种凝胶体系,并分析了提高凝胶体系热稳定性的研究思路,认为聚合物高温碳化作用对凝胶的使用有着变革性意义。用某种高吸水材料配成的软颗粒状凝胶完井液130℃高温下与低渗岩心动态污染时,在岩心端面形成强度高、韧性好的黄-黑色胶质暂堵层,极大地避免了漏失,降低了水相圈闭的损害,在中国东海天外天高温低渗气田A1s、A7完井中取得了较好应用效果。另外,丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸叔丁酯的共聚物(PAtBA)用聚乙烯亚胺作交联剂的凝胶体系在国外已得到了成功的应用,聚乙烯亚胺有着低毒、环境友好等诸多优点,研制出性能更优越的聚合物与之交联对未来的凝胶体系研究有着重要意义。最后从控水-堵水-治水整体思路出发,提出了对今后的研究设想。