泡沫流变模型试验研究

泡沫流变模型是进行泡沫钻井流变和水力参数计算、指导实际作业的理论基础。通过室内精确测试泡沫流过模拟实钻循环管路压差和流速的变化对泡沫流变性进行研究，结果表明，泡沫流体可用幂律假塑性模型和宾汉塑性模型来表征，以幂律假塑性模型最接近实际流变性。     

航空双波段全极化SAR信息分析

ＧｌｏｂｅＳＡＲ是一项有１２个国家参与的大型雷达遥感国际合作研究计划，该文系统叙述了ＧｌｏｂｅＳＡＲ中国项目研究成果，进行了目标物雷达散射特性的极化特性的分析，双波段，全极化数据的处理分析方法研究，给出了该先进机载ＳＡＲ在肇庆试验区农业、林业、地质、水文等方面的结果，同时，进行了雷达卫星数据模拟试验及机载ＳＡＲ和ＲＡＤＡＲＳＡＴ数据的对比，该结果为其后利用雷达卫星数据提供了科学基础。     

Soil moisture prediction over the Australian continent

Summary This paper describes an attempt to model soil moisture over the Australian continent with an integrated system of dynamic models and a Geographic Information System (GIS) data base. A land surface scheme with improved treatment of soil hydrological processes is described. The non-linear relationships between soil hydraulic conductivity, matric potential and soil moisture are derived from the Broadbridge and White soil model. For a single location, the prediction of the scheme is in good agreement with the measurements of the Hydrological and Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (HAPEX). High resolution atmospheric and geographic data are used in soil moisture prediction over the Australian continent. The importance of reliable land surface parameters is emphasized and details are given for deriving the parameters from a GIS. Predicted soil moisture patterns over the Australian continent in summer, with a 50 km spatial resolution, are found to be closely related to the distribution of soil types, apart from isolated areas and times under the influence of precipitation. This is consistent with the notion that the Australian continent in summer is generally under water stress. In contrast, predicted soil temperatures are more closely related to radiation patterns and changes in atmospheric circulation. The simulation can provide details of soil moisture evolution both in space and time, that are very useful for studies of land use sustainability, such as plant growth modelling and soil erosion prediction.With 12 Figures     

Geomorphological controls on coastal vegetation at the Virginia Coast Reserve

The establishment and succession of vegetation on migrating, low-profile barrier islands is greatly affected by the physical hydrogeomorphological processes that regulate island topography, saline and fresh groundwater table surfaces. Apart from the physical destruction of plants by overwash processes, fluctuations in water table elevations and variations in groundwater salinity, both spatially and temporally, also appear to have significant impact on the nature and distribution of vegetation on these islands. Species composition, community structure and biodiversity on the Virginia barrier islands are controlled by the same processes that give rise to landforms and maintain their form. These processes include marine water inundations, groundwater salinity variations and changes in depth to the fresh-water table. Land surface elevation, landform morphology and position on the barrier island determine exposure to high tides, storm surges, sand burial, and the extent of the fresh-water reserves.In this article, the underpinnings of a Long-term Ecological Research Program in which 25 geologists, geomorphologists, climatologists, and ecologists have a common research plan is presented and several examples of the product of this research partnership dealing with geomorphological and hydrologic controls on vegetation dynamics are detailed. Among the aspects of ecological dynamics examined in terms of geomorphological processes are vegetation zonation, succession, disturbance, and ecosystem state change.     

航空多光谱遥感识别沉积岩地层岩性的应用研究

本文讨论了应用航空多光谱扫描数据提取的光谱信息,结合野外实测地面波谱和计算机图像比值等增强处理的方法,来识别岩性。进而在岩性组合判读的基础上,进行了地层分析,取得了预期的效果。     

我国花岗斑岩中的铅猛钛铁矿

铅锰钛铁矿呈不规则粒状、片状产于内蒙古的花岗斑岩中。本文对该矿物作了电子探针分析,计算出其化学式并简化为(Pb,Na,K)(Ti,Fe,Zn,Mn)_(21)O_(38)。单晶X射线衍射结果表明它是三方晶系,空间群R3,晶胞参数a=10.378(13)A,c=20.809(15)A,Z=3。     

砂岩在不同条件下的强度变形特点和P波速度特征

本文介绍了砂岩样品在干燥和饱和状态下,沿平行层理和垂直层理两个不同方向进行单轴加载时的抗压强度、变形特点和垂直于应力方向的P波走时的变化。结果表明,水对砂岩强度、P波速度的影响较大;具有原生层理构造的岩石样品的强度、变形和P波速度显示一定的方向性。所得结果对水库地震、工程地震、矿山开采及地震预报有一定的参考价值。     

中国树木年轮气候学研究动态与展望

介绍了我国的树木年轮气候学研究取得的新进展,包括野外取样、建立年表,“年轮—气候”相关分析、密度分析和模式研究等方面。同时,还论及了今后在我国开展该项研究的前景与潜力。     

达其河水能水电潜力分析

我国西部地区许多流域水能水电资源潜力较大，若正确开发和合理利用，对落后的西部地区发展具有现实意义。本文以西部革地达其河为例，通过对当地的水文气象、河川径流进行分析，从而对当地水能水电进行了定量计算，为当地发展提供依据。     

稳定同位素和微量元素在多源多汇体系中地球化学行为的理论模拟

根据地质体系多源多汇的特点,引进了一种新的定量地球化学理论模型,适用于模拟稳定同位素和微量元素在具有多个物质来源和多种分馏途径的地质体系中的变化规律。运用本文多源多汇模型研究岩浆同化-分异结晶过程中微量元素和稳定同位素的行为,所得的结果与前人AFC模型结果一致。运用此多源多汇模型对岩浆水与大气水混合过程中结晶出的石英进行模拟计算,发现其氧同位素组成随着结晶温度的降低而变大。大气中甲烷的产生和消耗有多种途径,是一种多源多汇体系,运用此模型研究它的碳同位素组成,发现其值随着甲烷总量的增多而变大。多源多汇模型不仅从更高的层次上包含了简单分馏模式、多元混合模式和AFC模式,而且可以研究这些模式不能解决的复杂地球化学过程。