陕西华县毕家乡井群宏观异常的化学成因

2005年3~10月,陕西省关中东部华县毕家乡东林场农业灌溉用井群体出现强烈的翻花、冒泡、响声现象,个别井水色浑浊。其历时之长,范围之广,在陕西省内近30年来少见。我们从中国地震局监测预报司编著的《地震前兆异常落实工作指南》的主导思想出发,对华县井水宏观异常现象进行了较为深入的现场取样调查、测量与分析,从化学成因的角度对这一宏观异常现象进行分析解释,所得结果得到了跨断层水准测量结果的佐证。认为该次井水的宏观气体异常作为当地地震短临前兆的依据不充分。最后给出了分析处理井水宏观气体异常现象的一些建议。     

Use of soil moisture data and curve number method for estimating runoff in the Loess Plateau of China

The Soil Conservation Service curve number (CN) method commonly uses three discrete levels of soil antecedent moisture condition (AMC), defined by the 5‐day antecedent rainfall depth, to describe soil moisture prior to a runoff event. However, this way may not adequately represent soil water conditions of fields and watersheds in the Loess Plateau of China. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the effective soil moisture depth to which the CN is most related; (2) to evaluate a discrete and a linear relationship between AMC and soil moisture; and (3) to develop an equation between CN and soil moisture to predict runoff better for the climatic and soil conditions of the Loess Plateau of China. The dataset consisted of 10 years of rainfall, runoff and soil moisture measurements from four experimental plots cropped with millet, pasture and potatoes. Results indicate that the standard CN method underestimated runoff depths for 85 of the 98 observed plot‐runoff events, with a model efficiency E of only 0·243. For our experimental conditions, the discrete and linear approaches improved runoff estimation, but still underestimated most runoff events, with E values of 0·428 and 0·445 respectively. Based on the measured CN values and soil moisture values in the top 15 cm of the soil, a non‐linear equation was developed that predicted runoff better with an E value of 0·779. This modified CN equation was the most appropriate for runoff prediction in the study area, but may need adjustments for local conditions in the Loess Plateau of China. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“050810”苏中局部特大暴雨多普勒天气雷达资料分析

本文分析2005-08-10苏中地区出现局部特大暴雨期间的南通多普勒天气雷达资料，结合天气形势和数值预报产品，给出相似时段、相似天气条件下利用多普勒天气雷达6min图像资料，做好突发性、灾害性天气临近预报服务的注意点。     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SULFHYDRYL CHITOSAN

A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S-chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confrrmed by elemental analysis and FI‘-IR spectra analysis. The adsorption properties of sulthydryl chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ ), Cd(Ⅱ ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were investigated, and the effect of pH value on adsorption, adsorption kinetics, and selective adsorption was examined. It was shown that S-chitosan has good adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) like chitosan, is also insoluble in acid solution; has good adsorption kinetic properties for heavy metal ions; and can be used in acid solution. The adsorption capacities of S-chitosan can be affected by media acidity. The adsorbed Cu(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) could be eluted by diluted chlorhydric acid.     

An intercomparison of four wet deposition schemes used in dust transport modeling

The characteristics of four wet deposition schemes widely used in dust modeling studies are examined within the framework of a regional scale dust model. Since these schemes are based on different formulations, the scavenging coefficients of them deviate by a factor of 10³ depending on precipitation rate and particle size. The four schemes coupled with the dust model are applied to simulate a 2002 Asian dust event. The corresponding wet deposition patterns and scavenging efficiencies are compared. It is found that apart from the scheme derived from scavenging coefficient measurements, the other three schemes give similar wet deposition patterns although their scavenging efficiencies are different depending on the particle-size range. The results suggest that the performances of these schemes are affected by the particle size distribution of the dust emission, together with the model's performance of precipitation prediction.     

弱磁化等温薄吸积盘的轴对称脉动不稳定性

本文在不考虑粘滞律的条件下，较详细地讨论了弱磁化等温薄吸积盘的轴对称脉动不稳定性．结果表明，对轴对称扰动，盘内存在４种轴对称振荡模式．仅当Ｂｚ和Ｂφ同时存在时磁场才能影响这些振荡模式的不稳定性．Ｂｚ和Ｂφ对其中２种角频率较高的振荡模式（对应于ωＩ）表现为非稳因素，而对其中２种角频率较低的振荡模式（对应于ωＩ）表现为致稳因素．     

VARIATIONS OF 30—60 DAY OSCILLATION IN ATMOSPHERE BEFORE AND DURING 1982 EL NINO

By using the upper-wind data from July 1980 to June 1983,the variations of the low-frequency oscillation(LFO)in the atmosphere before and during 1982 El Nino have been investigated.Before the El Nino,the LFOpropagates from west to east over the equator of the Eastern Hemisphere and from east to west over 20°N.The eastward propagating LFO over the equator consists of zonal wavenumber 1 propagating eastward andzonal wavenumber 2 with a character of stationary wave.The oscillation of zonal wavenumber 2 can modulatethe oscillation strength.After the onset of the El Nino,the propagating directions of the LFO over the equatorand 20°N of the Eastern Hemisphere change to be westward and eastward,respectively.The LFO over thewestern Pacific weakens rapidly and one coming from middle and high latitudes propagates to the equator.From the phase compositions of streamline fields for the zonal wavenumber 1 of equatorial westward propa-gatirg LFO,it is found that the atmospheric heat source in the equator of the eastern Pacific(EEP)excites aseries of the equatorial cyclones and anticyclones which move northward and westward and form the westwardpropagating LFO over the equator.With the wavelength of 20000km,this kind of equatorial wave is similarto the mixing Rossby-gravity wave.In its westward and northward movement,the circulation in East Asiais modified.This may be the mechanism of the influence of El Nino on the climate of China.     

Heterogeneous Saltation: Theory, Observation and Comparison

In the theory of saltation, under development since the 1940s, it is often assumed that saltation is homogeneous, i.e., saltating particles are uniform in size and follow identical trajectories. This assumption is a limitation to the development of saltation theory. In this paper, as in some other studies made since the 1980s, we are concerned with the saltation of multi-sized particles in turbulent flows, a process that we refer to as heterogeneous saltation. The theory deals with several questions, including the variation of particle size distribution with height, the entrainment rates of particles in different size ranges, and the associated profiles of saltation flux, particle momentum flux and particle concentration. It is hypothesised that saltation is dynamically similar and ‘universal’ similarity functions can be established. The similarity function for saltation flux is presented. Field observations are carried out at the southern fringe of the Takla Makan Desert in April 2002. Measurements of streamwise saltation flux of 32 particle size groups are made using a sand particle counter, together with measurements of wind speed and other atmospheric variables. These data are used to validate the saltation theory, by examining whether the observed saltation flux and particle size distribution can be reproduced. It is shown that the theory is promising in predicting these quantities.     

Three-image matching. For 3-D linear object tracking

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｒｅｅｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌ(3＿Ｄ)ｌｉｎｅａｒｏｂｊｅｃｔｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇｉｓａｋｅｙｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｔｅｒｅｏｖｉｓｉｏｎａｐｐｌｉ ｃａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ ,ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓｏｎ＿ｒｏａｄｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎ[2 ,5 ,9] ａｎｄｍｏｂｉｌｅｍａｐｐｉｎｇ[3,1 1 ,1 8] .Ｓｕｃｈｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙｅｘｐｌｏｉｔｔｗｏｓｔｅｒｅｏｉｍａｇｅｓｏｎｌｙｆｏｒｌｉｎｅａｒｏｂｊｅｃｔｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ .Ｂｉ…     

子午线弧长的解析型幂级数确定

针对子午线弧长反解计算过于繁琐的问题,文中利用复合函数的求导法则 ,变换变量进行幂级数展开,在近似情况下给出了通项公式,并严密推导了幂级数展开式,又设定子午线弧长反解公式的形式,利用Ｈｅｒｍｉｔｅ插值原理得出各参数。用各方法得出的公式全部采用ｅ＾２的幂级数形式给出,可操作性,可重复性、唯一性都比较好,经试算其精度在千分之一秒以上,可提供实际使用。