全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1968篇 |
免费 | 337篇 |
国内免费 | 421篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 132篇 |
大气科学 | 400篇 |
地球物理 | 512篇 |
地质学 | 960篇 |
海洋学 | 195篇 |
天文学 | 52篇 |
综合类 | 198篇 |
自然地理 | 277篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 34篇 |
2022年 | 96篇 |
2021年 | 108篇 |
2020年 | 100篇 |
2019年 | 119篇 |
2018年 | 109篇 |
2017年 | 104篇 |
2016年 | 114篇 |
2015年 | 110篇 |
2014年 | 123篇 |
2013年 | 129篇 |
2012年 | 118篇 |
2011年 | 118篇 |
2010年 | 124篇 |
2009年 | 108篇 |
2008年 | 91篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 77篇 |
2005年 | 56篇 |
2004年 | 51篇 |
2003年 | 70篇 |
2002年 | 99篇 |
2001年 | 75篇 |
2000年 | 81篇 |
1999年 | 68篇 |
1998年 | 53篇 |
1997年 | 43篇 |
1996年 | 49篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2726条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
761.
内蒙古自治区地震局震情上报系统 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对内蒙古自治区地震局人工震情上报过程中存在的弊端和问题,基于VC语言,设计并实现自动震情上报系统。该系统通过读取EQIM数据库中的相关数据,采用模拟操作,实现无接口情况下采集EQIM中相应地图,并利用Microsoft office Word通用API,按所需格式生成包含震情数据与地图的震情上报文档,同时提供核对和校验功能,通过自动传真方式实现震情上报与保存功能。该系统的实现,减少了人工干预造成的错误,提高了震情上报的准确性和高效性,真正实现了震情的自动传真上报。 相似文献
762.
763.
764.
鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,也是具有国际意义的候鸟越冬地. 近年来,鄱阳湖水文情势异常使得候鸟越冬环境更加复杂. 本文以2020年鄱阳湖出现夏季极端水位为背景,基于2019和2020年鄱阳湖越冬水鸟同步调查数据,探讨了夏季极端水位对越冬水鸟丰富度和空间分布的影响. 研究结果表明:夏季极端水位条件下鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的总数量、群落结构和优势物种组成相对稳定,水鸟数量由597307只下降至572358只,主要是鸭科、鸥科、鹳科、鸬鹚科和鹮科鸟类数量明显下降;食块茎、食种子和食鱼集团水鸟数量均有所下降. 水鸟的整体空间分布格局变化不大,主要栖息地仍为鄱阳湖保护区和上饶湿地的碟形湖及人控湖汊,越冬水鸟向人工湿地扩散加剧. 2019年在人工湿地主要记录到灰鹤926只、白鹤3只;2020年则记录到白鹤2215只、灰鹤7294只、白头鹤88只、白枕鹤378只、豆雁550只、鸿雁3100只、灰雁3200只和小天鹅1543只. 2020年冬季人工湿地中的越冬水鸟数量比2019年增加显著. 鄱阳湖夏季极端水位导致沉水植物群落崩溃,造成植食性水鸟在天然湿地中的越冬食物短缺,从而导致种群空间分布格局出现明显变化,这也是鹤类和雁类水鸟前往人工湿地觅食的主要原因. 因此,在夏季洪水频发的背景下加强人工湿地管理,是当前解决越冬水鸟天然湿地食物资源短缺的重要措施. 相似文献
765.
Pin?Ma Xiaoyan?DaiEmail author Zhongyang?Guo Chao?Wei Weichun?Ma 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2017,31(8):1957-1975
The acceleration of the industrialization process in China has increased the demand for electricity and triggered a power-plant building boom, especially along China’s eastern coast, where the economy gets off early and enjoys a fast development. The thermal plumes, residual chlorine, nuclides and other pollutions produced by the thermal and nuclear power plants have exerted an impact on the coastal eco-environment. To monitor the thermal pollution from the power plants at Yueqing Bay on the eastern coast, in this research, the distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) surrounding the power plants is obtained by using the SST retrieval methods developed for Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), HJ-1B infrared sensor (IRS) and Terra moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The comparison of the SST retrieval results before and after the operation of power plants indicates that the total area of sea waters that is impacted by the thermal discharge from the two power plants at Yueqing Bay is approximately 17.95 km2, with the highest SST rise of 4.5 °C appearing over the waters around the outlet of the Huaneng Yuhuan power plant on the eastern shore, whereas the highest SST rise around the Zheneng Yueqing power plant on the western shore reaches 3.8 °C. The intensity and scope of influence of the thermal discharge mainly depend on the installed capacity of power plants, coastal terrain, and tide. Although the area where the SST rise is more than 3 °C is not large, thermal discharge still has an impact on bay ecosystems due to the relatively closed nature of the bay environment. Due to the influence of rising water temperatures on the reproduction and individual evolution of fish, shrimp, crabs, shellfish and other aquatic creatures, in the long term, the thermal pollution from coastal power plants will affect the volume of natural fishery and biological resources throughout the waters. The quantitative retrieval results also suggest that relative to MODIS data, Landsat ETM+ and HJ-1B IRS data with a high spatial resolution are more applicable to the estimation of small-scale SST, and IRS data with a high temporal resolution are more helpful in the study of spatio-temporal variability of thermal plumes from coastal power plants. 相似文献
766.
JingBo Zhao YanDong Ma XiaoQing Luo DaPeng Yue TianJie Shao ZhiBao Dong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(4):707-719
The Badain Jaran Desert exhibits the greatest difference in altitude of all of the world’s deserts. On the slopes of megadunes in the desert, there are physical and chemical deposits produced by surface runoff. In addition, we have observed rarely-seen infiltration-excess surface runoff in the megadune depressions as well as spring streams at the base of megadunes. We used electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, infiltration experiments, moisture content determinations and grain-size analysis to study the mineral and chemical composition of the runoff precipitates, and grain-size of the deposits associated with the runoff, together with the hydrological balance in the megadune area, and the atmospheric precipitation mechanism responsible for groundwater recharge and for supplying water to lakes. The observations of shallow runoff and infiltration-excess surface runoff indicate the occurrence of strong and effective precipitation in summer, which would provide an important source for groundwater recharge. Several lines of evidence, such as the physical and chemical deposits resulting from shallow subsurface runoff, spring streams, infiltration-excess runoff, and gravity capillary water with a moisture content of 3–6%, demonstrate that precipitation reaches the base of the megadunes through infiltration and subsequently becomes groundwater. The chemical deposits, such as newly-formed calcite and gypsum, and gray-black physical deposits, as well as different stages in the development of fan-shaped landforms resulting from shallow subsurface runoff, indicate that groundwater recharge in the area is the result of long-term precipitation, rather than intermittent individual major rainfall events. Fine sand layers with a low infiltration capacity lead to subsurface runoff emerging at the ground surface. Five factors play an important role in maintaining a positive water balance and in replenishing groundwater via rainfall: effective rainfall as a water source, the high infiltration capacity of the sands enabling rainfall to rapidly become capillary water in the dunes, low evapotranspiration rates due to the sparse vegetation, the fact that the depth of the sand layer influenced by evaporation is shallow enough to maximize the deep infiltration of rainfall, and rapidly-moving gravity capillary water in the sandy dunes. These five factors together constitute a mechanism for groundwater recharge from rainfall, and explain the origin of the groundwater and lakes in the area. Our findings represent a significant advance in research on the hydrological cycle, including groundwater recharge conditions and recharge mechanisms, in this desert region. 相似文献
767.
An analysis of the variation characteristics and evolutionary trends in the runoff of five rivers in the Poyang Lake Basin was conducted using the MK trend test, Morlet wavelet transforms, correlation analyses, and other methods. For 1956–2011, the inflow runoff displays small, statistically insignificant trends. However, for 2000–2011, significant downward trends are present. River runoff in the basin is significantly correlated with precipitation, while water intake and use is less influential; the most significant impact on river runoff is climate variability. To analyse the effects of water conservancy project scheduling and operation, we also compare the inflow and outflow runoff processes of typical large reservoirs before and after peak reservoir construction. The scheduling and operation of large reservoirs in the five rivers is known to play a supplementary role in dry season inflow runoff. The recent reduction in inflow runoff was mainly caused by basin precipitation; reasonable scheduling of water conservancy projects in the five rivers plays a positive role in safeguarding the water required by the dry season ecosystem in Poyang Lake. 相似文献
768.
Characterization of phosphorus sorption on the sediments of Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent areas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiaoyan Cao Xiaoyue Liu Jiamei Zhu Lisha Wang Sumei Liu Guipeng Yang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):277-284
This paper studied the kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics of phosphorus sorption onto the sediments of the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters, as well as the sediments' compositions and physicochemical properties. The process could be described well by a two-compartment first order equation. The sorbed phosphorus mainly consisted of Ex-P and Fe-P, with Ex-P being the dominant. The equilibrium isotherms could be fitted well with a modified Langmuir equation. The calculations of the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. The CEC and the fractions of clay, calcite and organic matter were correlated with the sorption parameters, while the surface proton charge of the sediments was significantly negatively correlated with them. Considering the kinetics and phosphorus forms changes during the process, the sorption in our study could be considered that the physical process plays an important role. 相似文献
769.
A deeper understanding of the sediment characteristics associated with rock fragment content can improve our knowledge of the erosional processes and transport mechanisms of sediments on steep rocky slopes. This research used simulated rainfall experiments lasting for 1 h at a rate of 90 mm h−1 and employed 5 × 1 × 0.4 m parallel troughs filled with purple soils with different rock fragment volumetric contents (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) on a 15° slope gradient. For each simulated event, runoff and sediment were sampled at 1- and 3-min intervals, respectively, to study, in detail, the temporal changes in the size distributions of the eroded sediments. The results show that sediment concentrations, soil erosion rates and soil loss ratios significantly decreased as rock fragment content increased for rock fragment contents from 0 to 40% in purple soils. During the transportation process, clay particles often formed aggregates and were then transported as larger particles. Silt particles were more likely to be transported as primary particles with a low degree of sediment aggregation. Sand-sized particles, which constituted a greater proportion of the original soil than the eroded sediments, were formed from other fine particles and transported as aggregates rather than as primary particles. Suspension-saltation, which mainly transports fine particles of 0.02–0.05 mm and coarse particles larger than 0.5 mm in size, was the most important transport mechanism on steep rocky slopes. The results of this study can help to explain the inherent laws of erosional processes on steep rocky slopes and can provide a foundation for improving physical models of soil erosion. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
770.
Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chen Fahu Fu Bojie Xia Jun Wu Duo Wu Shaohong Zhang Yili Sun Hang Liu Yu Fang Xiaomin Qin Boqiang Li Xin Zhang Tingjun Liu Baoyuan Dong Zhibao Hou Shugui Tian Lide Xu Baiqing Dong Guanghui Zheng Jingyun Yang Wei Wang Xin Li Zaijun Wang Fei Hu Zhenbo Wang Jie Liu Jianbao Chen Jianhui Huang Wei Hou Juzhi Cai Qiufang Long Hao Jiang Ming Hu Yaxian Feng Xiaoming Mo Xingguo Yang Xiaoyan Zhang Dongju Wang Xiuhong Yin Yunhe Liu Xiaochen 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(11):1665-1701
The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective. 相似文献