喀喇沁玻基橄辉岩中的磷酸盐质熔体及磷灰石

磷酸盐在本文讨论的坡基橄辉岩中以多种形式产生,有早期结晶的磷灰石斑晶;有熔离的磷酸盐质熔浆液滴;也有晚期穿入橄榄石斑晶的磷酸盐质细脉,表明元素磷活跃在岩浆演化的每一个阶段。磷酸盐质熔浆液滴的存在,说明磷酸盐质熔体可能是由于岩浆的熔离作用而形成的。沿着橄榄石晶格生长石出现的磷酸盐质玻璃细脉则进一步证实地幔中含磷流体不但存在,而且具有很强的活动性。     

扬子地块西缘灯影组层控铅锌矿床成因的地球化学论证

扬子地块西缘灯影组层控铅锌矿床成因的地球化学论证邵世才（有色总公司北京矿产地质研究所，北京１０００１２）李朝阳（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词层控铅锌矿床地球化学矿床成因扬子地块西缘１矿床地质特征扬子地块西缘灯影组铅锌矿床呈南北向...     

树轮年代学的若干进展

树轮年代学是一门研究树木木质部年生长层,以及利用年生长层来定年的科学。由于树轮不仅是一种定年工具,它本身还可提供树轮生成时的环境要素信息,为一种环境变化的代用资料。在全球变化特别是在过去全球气候变化研究中,树轮年代学受到愈来愈广泛的重视,在近期内取得了长足的、惊人的进展。本文仅在树轮长年表的建立,树轮年代学生物基础研究──模式研究,利用树轮对环境要素变化的研究,以及树轮的图像分析等几个与环境变化研究相关的方面和本学科目前研究热点的若干进展,予以概要的论述。     

Measurement of local and volumetric deformation in geotechnical triaxial testing using 3D-digital image correlation and a subpixel edge detection algorithm

Based on the three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique, the stereovision system has been applied to the improved triaxial apparatus to obtain 3D full-field deformation of the specimen during triaxial testing. Through the calibration process, the 3D-DIC technique can obtain the accurate specimen’s spatial displacement deformation. Meanwhile, a subpixel edge detection algorithm has been combined with 3D-DIC technique to calculate the radial strain and the volume strain of the specimen directly. Furthermore, a series of consolidated drained and undrained triaxial tests were carried out on Hainan (China) sand specimens and measured by the conventional and the image measurement methods. Compared to the results measured by the conventional method, the image measurement technique can obtain the more experimental data, such as the 3D displacement field of the whole specimen, the local strain distribution, and so on. The measurement results also show the conventional method would be disturbed by the end constraints in triaxial tests so that the strength of the soil would be overestimated. Meanwhile, the middle of the specimen would be selected to calculate the stress–strain relationship without the influence of the end constraints in the proposed method. Based on the image measurement results, the proposed method has the potential to be used in geotechnical tests for exploring the soil’s progressive failure behaviors, inhomogeneous deformation and mechanical characteristics.

     

中国科学院固体地球科学知识创新工程现状与发展态势

回顾了中国科学院国家知识创新试点工程实施以来特别是启动阶段3年里固体地球科学知识创新工程试点各项工作的进展情况，包括项目与经费、创新成果、人才吸引、科研竞争力提升、院地合作推进等方面，分析和总结了中国科学院固体地球科学知识创新工程现状，并展望了固体地球科学知识创新工程若干重要发展态势。     

新疆库木库里盆地铜矿地质特征及找矿前景

新疆库木库里盆地砂砾岩型铜矿带位于东昆仑成矿带西段东昆中断裂北侧新生代陆相盆地中 ,与西部且末县嘎其哥洛德和克孜勒小型砂砾岩型铜矿组成近2 0 0km长的大型砂砾岩型铜矿化带。铜矿化赋存于石马沟组上段 (E3 S1)砂岩中。围岩中铜含量一般低于地壳丰度值 ,南部火箭山地区发现有斑岩型铜矿化、昆中结合带也发现规模巨大的铜矿化带 ,它们可能是本区铜矿化的矿源层。铜矿化呈透镜状、似层状 ,剖面上已发现三层铜矿化 ,其中上部铜矿化较好。地表氧化矿石矿物组合简单 ;矿石构造为条带状、浸染状、团块状 ,填隙结构。铜矿化受湖泊三角洲相、三角洲前缘亚相的近岸砂坝、远岸砂坝的砂体控制。     

沉积岩的一种各向异性模型

给出了沉积岩的一种各向异性模型。用一个各向异性参数描述这类材料的固有各向异性，各向异性参数和单轴抗压强度是一个分布函数，其分布用一个微结构张量和加载方向表示。建立了一个描述各向异性沉积岩变形过程的全塑性模型。用该模型对这一些三轴试验进行了模拟，结果表明该模型能有效地描述沉积岩的固有各向异性。     

海拉尔盆地上库力组重矿物组合特征

海拉尔盆地兴安岭群上库力组自下而上可分出5个重矿物组合：磁黄铁矿-锆石-白钛石-锐钛矿组合,黄铁矿高含量组合,黑云母-白钛石-锆石-钛铁矿组合,菱铁矿-白钛石-黑云母-电气石组合,白钛石-黑云母-菱铁矿-石榴子石组合.不稳定矿物含量高,不同层段呈现高低韵律性变化则与火山-沉积作用强弱交替变化的环境有关.较高的ATi指数反映母岩应为中-酸性火山岩.ZTR指数不高说明重矿物的成熟度较低.由下至上陆源重矿物变少,尤其是上库力组D段（凝灰岩段）,自生黄铁矿占很高的百分比.     

萨拉乌苏河地区地层中的碎屑矿物及其所反映的中更新世末期以来之气候环境变化

文章根据对萨拉乌苏河地区第四纪地层中的碎屑矿物分析结果,将重矿物按其抗化学风化的能力不同分为不稳定、较稳定、稳定和极稳定四种类型,不同层位的重矿物类型的百分含量不同,从而可求出重矿物的风化系数HW。不同时期地层的HW不同,而HW的大小变化与化学风化的程度有很大关系,一般来说,化学风化作用强,HW相应变小。而化学风化作用的强弱又主要受气候的影响,从而可推测该时期气候环境的变化。     

Constraining the hydrocarbon expulsion history of the coals in Qinshui Basin, North China, from the analysis of fluid inclusions

From the comprehensive study on the homogenization temperatures and the occurrence of fluid inclusions in the framework minerals of the strata between or above the Carboniferous–Permian coals in the Qinshui basin, Shanxi, three stages are predicted of hydrocarbon expulsion from the coals. Combined with the known history of basin evolution, it is deduced that the expulsion of hydrocarbons happened during the J₁ (210–180 Ma), the early K₁ (150–130 Ma) and K₂E₁ (110–60 Ma). In the early stage, the coals produced and discharged coal-generated oils. The average GOI value of four sandstone samples is relatively high, as they have been exposed to high paleo-oil saturation in the strata between or above the coals. The biomarker compositions of oil-bearing fluid inclusions are similar to those of extracts from the coals, and so it is concluded that those oils were derived from the same family of the coals.