畸形参数附带卓越周期拟合法在泾阳短水准资料处理中的应用

应用畸形参数附带卓越周期拟合法 ,结合其他跨断层形变资料处理方法 ,处理了泾阳短水准资料 ,提取具有定量性质的形变异常特征 ,较好地反映了泾阳 ML 5.2地震前兆信息。且震前形变异常存在着以 3为倍数的韵律特征     

张北6.2级地震前华北区域地震活动及地震学指标异常的提取

１９９８年１月１０日河北张北－尚义发生了６．２级地震。这次地震前大华北区域显示出明显的地震活动性异常,中国地震局给出了成功的中期预报,但没有作出短临预报,本文根据震前后地震活动特征,从大区域内提取地震学指标异常信息并通过ＧＬ值空间扫描确定地震震源区,取得了较理想的效果。     

Using the Newtonian relaxation technique in numerical sensitivity studies

In model-based sensitivity studies, the growth of model error over long-term integrations may lead to serious deviations between the simulated and actual states. To reduce these errors, we have developed a new modeling approach with application of the Newtonian relaxation technique, or nudging. In this approach, an identical artificial Newtonian relaxation term that reflects the difference between the model reference state and its analysis (available in many sensitivity studies) is added to the prognostic equations of the two simulated states, the reference state and the perturbed state (for which observations are nonexistent). We have conducted idealized sensitivity experiments with a shallow-water model to evaluate the benefits and viability of this approach and to test its sensitivity to changes in the nudging period and error in the analysis data. The experimental results confirm that this approach lead to more credible atmospheric responses to modified external forcing if the data error is within a reasonable range. The results also indicate that a 12-hour period is more favorable for nudging than a 24-hour period.     

Multi-point source identification of sudden water pollution accidents in surface waters based on differential evolution and Metropolis–Hastings–Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Sudden water pollution accidents in surface waters occur with increasing frequency. These accidents significantly threaten people’s health and lives. To prevent the diffusion of pollutants, identifying these pollution sources is necessary. The identification problem of pollution source, especially for multi-point source, is one of the difficulties in the inverse problem area. This study examines this issue. A new method is designed by combining differential evolution algorithm (DEA) and Metropolis–Hastings–Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MH–MCMC) based on Bayesian inference to identify multi-point sudden water pollution sources. The effectiveness and accuracy of this proposed method is verified through outdoor experiments and comparison between DEA and MH–MCMC. The average absolute error of the sources’ position and intensity, the relative error and the average standard deviations obtained using the proposed method are less than those of DEA and MH–MCMC. Moreover, the relative error and the sampling relative error under four different standard deviations of measurement error (σ = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) are less than 2 and 0.11 %, respectively. The proposed method (i.e., DEMH–MCMC) is effective even when the standard deviation of the measurement error increases to 0.15. Therefore, the proposed method can identify sources of multi-point sudden water pollution accidents efficiently and accurately.     

鹤岗煤矿区地面沉降时空特征InSAR时间序列监测研究

随着煤矿资源的开采,鹤岗地区地面沉降现象逐渐加剧。以鹤岗煤矿区作为研究对象,收集2019年8月31日—2021年8月20日的59景Sentinel-1B SAR影像,采用SBAS时间序列InSAR技术提取煤矿开采引起的地面沉降。对鹤岗煤矿区地面沉降在空间上的演化过程进行分析,重点研究了鹤岗南部富力煤矿、兴安煤矿和峻德煤矿地表形变的时空演化特征,结果表明:鹤岗煤矿区的地面沉降呈现出不均匀、漏斗式的运动特征,提取的19个沉降漏斗全部对应鹤岗煤田开采区,最大形变位于新陆煤矿开采区,形变速率约370mm/a。在研究期内,自相对于第一景影像的沉降漏斗形成后,后续矿井开采沉降漏斗的空间形态基本保持不变。鹤岗南部富力煤矿和兴安煤矿4号形变点所在工作面的地表形变仍然处于快速下沉状态,有必要持续跟踪。     

濮阳小震集中区地震丛集特征分析

利用濮阳小震集中区1970年1月—2019年12月地震目录,基于最邻近事件距离算法计算地震丛集率,分析该区地震丛集特征。结果发现:(1)在中强地震前,濮阳小震集中区地震丛集率存在高值现象,而后出现不同程度的低值,与强震前地震活动从增强到平静的过程相吻合,对地震危险区判定有一定指示意义;(2) 1997年以来,4级以上地震主要分布在聊城—兰考断裂西侧,且小震出现相对“稀疏”异常,应给予关注。     

2012年新疆洛浦MS6.0地震前卫星热红外亮温时空演变特征分析

本文处理了新疆洛浦M_S6.0地震前后卫星热红外亮温（TBB）数据,对异常信息的时空演变进行分析,并考虑了天气因素的影响。研究发现,震前亮温异常主要分布在震中西北方向,高值区位于震中以西巴楚县附近,异常呈条带状分布,其西北-东南走向与附近断裂带方向一致;异常出现在洛浦地震前14天,共2次,时间上经历较强-弱-强-弱的变化过程,第1次异常持续时间较短,第2次异常持续长达4天,之后迅速衰减并消失,亮温异常值增幅十分明显。结果表明,新疆洛浦地震前存在明显的红外亮温异常现象,亮温变化与洛浦地震发震似具有较好的相关性。     

龙门山大川-双石断裂在都江堰隐伏段的综合探测研究

大川-双石断裂位于龙门山前山断裂南段,因其在都江堰地区隐伏于岷江河流阶地之下,在一定程度上影响了对龙门山断裂带南段的地震危险性评价和发震能力评估。因此,掌握大川-双石断裂的地下分布特征和活动性,对都江堰城区的避灾规划和重大工程选址意义重大。本项研究在野外地质调查基础上,垂直断裂走向布设浅层地震反射剖面、高密度电阻率剖面和钻孔联合剖面。通过多种方法共同揭示了大川-双石断裂在都江堰地区的精确空间展布位置、近地表构造形态、上断点埋深及断裂活动性。大川-双石断裂在都江堰地区的岷江西岸阶地处隐伏通过,为逆断层,倾向NW,倾角在地表浅层为60°~70°,近地面为20°~30°;且破碎带向地面逐渐变浅变薄,上断点向上延伸至第四系灰褐色黏土层和棕黄色粗砂夹砾石层,埋深约3.5 m。上述研究表明大川-双石断裂在都江堰市区附近具有全新世活动特征。     

地震数据采集器后级滤波器的设计

以ADS1281为例,介绍新一代地震数据采集器后级滤波器设计。该后级滤波器包括变抽样率的梳状滤波器、有限脉冲响应(FIR1)4抽1滤波器和有限脉冲响应(FIR2)2抽1滤波器。其中,FIR1 4抽1滤波器和FIR2 2抽1又分为最小相位、线性相位和瞬态3种滤波器,文中使用设计的最小相位滤波抽取器对仿真的正弦波进行滤波验证,结果表明,通带波动和阻带衰减满足中国数字测震台网技术规程的要求。     

离散点云构建数字高程模型的插值方法研究

针对消除DEM构建中插值方法选择的随意性问题,该文基于机载LiDAR离散点云数据,以广东省典型城区与山区为实验对象,利用克里金、反距离权重、径向基函数和自然邻域4种插值方法,对插值参数进行优选后构建DEM,使用交叉验证、相关性分析、像元统计量和三维可视化等方法进行精度分析与比较。结果表明:在城区反距离权重插值,不但可以对空值区域进行适当填充和平滑,而且对高程最大、最小值的预测精度也很高;不同插值方法在构建山区DEM时精度相差不大,插值精度可以达到厘米级,其中普通克里金插值效果最佳。对于城区与山区点云数据反距离权重插值法生成的DEM均能很好地反映地表自然形态,为今后LiDAR点云数据构建DEM选择最佳的插值算法以及插值参数提供参考。