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381.
针对无人值守地震台因供电故障造成的观测数据质量问题,现阶段GPRS在地震台站的应用大多以手机短信呈现,无良好的可视化操作界面,设计开发一种底层基于STM32单片机,以GPRS为数据传输方式,Android手机APP为监控界面的智能电源控制系统。通过在河北省地震局石家庄中心台下属的深州郭家庄地震台进行应用,证明该电源控制系统能够保证观测设备的稳定运行,并为设备维护提供了保障和依据。 相似文献
382.
Quantifying differences between reservoir inflows and dam site floods using frequency and risk analysis methods 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Yixuan?Zhong Shenglian?GuoEmail author Zhangjun?Liu Yun?Wang Jiabo?Yin 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(2):419-433
Reservoirs are the most important constructions for water resources management and flood control. Great concern has been paid to the effects of reservoir on downstream area and the differences between inflows and dam site floods due to the changes of upstream flow generation and concentration conditions after reservoir’s impoundment. These differences result in inconsistency between inflow quantiles and the reservoir design criteria derived by dam site flood series, which can be a potential risk and must be quantificationally evaluated. In this study, flood frequency analysis (FFA) and flood control risk analysis (FCRA) methods are used with the long reservoir inflow series derived from a multiple inputs and single output model and a copula-based inflow estimation model. The results of FFA and FCRA are compared and the influences on reservoir flood management are also discussed. The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China is selected as a case study. Results show that the differences between the TGR inflow and dam site floods are significant which result in changes on its flood control risk rates. The mean values of TGR’s annual maximum inflow peak discharge and 3 days flood volume have increased 5.58 and 3.85% than the dam site ones, while declined by 1.82 and 1.72% for the annual maximum 7 and 15 days flood volumes. The flood control risk rates of middle and small flood events are increased while extreme flood events are declined. It is shown that the TGR can satisfy the flood control task under current hydrologic regime and the results can offer references for better management of the TGR. 相似文献
383.
Fifty cases of regional yearly extreme precipitation events(RYEPEs)were identified over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley(YHRV)during 1979–2016 applying the statistical percentile method.There were five types of RYEPEs,namely Yangtze Meiyu(YM-RYEPE),Huaihe Meiyu(HM-RYEPE),southwest-northeast-oriented Meiyu(SWNE-RYEPE)and typhoon I and II(TC-RYEPE)types of RYEPEs.Potential vorticity diagnosis showed that propagation trajectories of the RYEPEs along the Western Pacific Subtropical High and its steering flow were concentrated over the southern YHRV.As a result,the strongest and most frequently RYEPEs events,about 16–21 cases with average rainfall above 100 mm,occurred in the southern YHRV,particularly in the Nanjing metropolitan area.There have been 14 cases of flood-inducing RYEPEs since 1979,with the submerged area exceeding 120 km~2as simulated by the Flood Area hydraulic model,comprising six HM-RYEPEs,five YM-RYEPEs,two TC-RYEPEs,and one SWNE-RYEPE.The combination of evolving RYEPEs and rapid expansion of urban agglomeration is most likely to change the flood risk distribution over the Nanjing metropolitan area in the future.In the RCP6.0(RCP8.5)scenario,the built-up area increases at a rate of about 10.41 km~2(10 yr)~(-1)(24.67 km~2(10 yr)~(-1))from 2010 to 2100,and the area of high flood risk correspondingly increases from 3.86 km~2(3.86 km~2)to 9.00 km~2(13.51 km~2).Areas of high flood risk are mainly located at Chishan Lake in Jurong,Lukou International Airport in Nanjing,Dongshan in Jiangning District,Lishui District and other low-lying areas.The accurate simulation of flood scenarios can help reduce losses due to torrential flooding and improve early warnings,evacuation planning and risk analysis.More attention should be paid to the projected high flood risk because of the concentrated population,industrial zones and social wealth throughout the Nanjing metropolitan area. 相似文献
384.
Yafeng Zhang Xiuxian Song Paul J. Harrison Sheng Liu Zhiming Yu Jinjun Kan Peiyuan Qian Hao Liu Kedong Yin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(10):1384-1396
High-biomass red tides occur frequently in some semi-enclosed bays of Hong Kong where ambient nutrients are not high enough to support such a high phytoplankton biomass. These high-biomass red tides release massive inorganic nutrients into local waters during their collapse. We hypothesized that the massive inorganic nutrients released from the collapse of red tides would fuel growth of other phytoplankton species. This could influence phytoplankton species composition. We tested the hypothesis using a red tide event caused by Mesodinium rubrum (M. rubrum) in a semi-enclosed bay, Port Shelter. The red tide patch had a cell density as high as 5.0×105 cells L?1, and high chlorophyll a (63.71 μg L?1). Ambient inorganic nutrients (nitrate: \(\rm{NO}_3^-\), ammonium: \(\rm{NH}_4^+\), phosphate: \(\rm{PO}_4^{3-}\), silicate: \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\)) were low both in the red tide patch and the non-red-tide patch (clear waters outside the red tide patch). Nutrient addition experiments were conducted by adding all the inorganic nutrients to water samples from the two patches followed by incubation for 9 days. The results showed that the addition of inorganic nutrients did not sustain high M. rubrum cell density, which collapsed after day 1, and did not drive M. rubrum in the non-red-tide patch sample to the same high-cell density in the red tide patch sample. This confirmed that nutrients were not the driving factor for the formation of this red tide event, or for its collapse. The death of M. rubrum after day 1 released high concentrations of \(\rm{NO}_3^-\), \(\rm{PO}_4^{3-}\), \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\), \(\rm{NH}_4^+\), and urea. Bacterial abundance and heterotrophic activity increased, reaching the highest on day 3 or 4, and decreased as cell density of M. rubrum declined. The released nutrients stimulated growth of diatoms, such as Chaetoceros affinis var. circinalis, Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii, and Nitzschia sp., particularly with additions of \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\) treatments, and other species. These results demonstrated that initiation of M. rubrum red tides in the bay was not directly driven by nutrients. However, the massive inorganic nutrients released from the collapse of the red tide could induce a second bloom in low-ambient nutrient water, influencing phytoplankton species composition. 相似文献
385.
386.
利用ERA5大气再分析资料研究ZTD高程尺度因子的精细时间变化特征,构建顾及高程尺度因子精细时间变化的云贵川地区ZTD垂直剖面格网模型(YZTD-H模型)。以云贵川地区探空站分层ZTD数据作为参考值,检验YZTD-H模型的精度,并将其与GPT2w模型和GPT3模型进行比较。结果表明,顾及精细时间变化和垂直剖面变化的YZTD-H模型在时间维度和垂直剖面维度上均表现出较好的稳定性。 相似文献
387.
本文报道了南极普里兹湾海域U、2 2 6Ra、2 1 0 Pb、2 1 0 Po的分布以及2 34U/2 38U和2 1 0 Po/2 1 0 Pb放射性比值。研究结果表明 ,该海域表层水中的铀同位素分布基本均匀 ,铀含量范围为1 3 2 8- 1 4 2 0 μmol·m- 3,平均值为 ( 1 3.82± 0 .2 9) μmol·m- 3,2 34U/2 38U平均放射性比值为1 1 4± 0 0 3。铀含量与盐度之间存在良好的相关性 ,其相关系数达 0 895。该海域溶解态2 2 6Ra比活度范围为 1 37- 1 78Bq·m- 3,平均值为 1 5 5Bq·m- 3;颗粒态 2 2 6Ra比活度范围为0 0 0 6- 0 0 35Bq·m- 3,平均值为 0 0 1 5Bq·m- 3;2 1 0 Po比活度 0 80- 1 5 2Bq·m- 3,平均 1 1 4Bq·m- 3;2 1 0 Pb比活度 1 34- 2 1 5Bq·m- 3,平均 1 66Bq·m- 3;2 1 0 Po/2 1 0 Pb的放射性比值0 5 5- 0 84,平均 0 69。并对2 1 0 Po和2 1 0 Pb的不平衡作了讨论。还研究了 1个站位溶解态和颗粒态2 2 6Ra、2 1 0 Pb的深度分布及2 1 0 Pb在两相中的分配 相似文献
388.
不同顶管组合方式的管幕冻结温度场模型试验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
拱北隧道作为港珠澳大桥珠海连接线的关键性工程, 在国内外首次成功运用了管幕冻结技术。以此为背景, 为更加全面地掌握饱和软土地层中管幕冻结温度场的分布特点, 开展了不同顶管组合方式下的管幕冻结温度场模型试验研究。试验结果表明: 各测点温度曲线在积极冻结期前4 h急剧下降, 随后逐渐减缓, 降至砂土冰点后趋于平稳, 三种布管方式均满足冻结设计要求; 冻结管中低温盐水提供的冷量首先传递给顶管管壁, 再以“面”的形式均匀地传递给周围土体; 积极冻结21 h后, 采用四根空顶管组合的C区冻结壁竖向范围最大, 空管管壁正上方冻结壁平均厚度约为105 mm, 在满足管幕刚度设计要求的前提下, 可采此布管方式以达到快速形成冻结帷幕的目的。限位管开启后的4 h内, 实顶管中线垂直距离100 mm范围内测点温度曲线虽有明显回升但仍维持在冻土冰点以下, 超出此范围后温度变化影响逐渐减弱, 且顶管间冻结壁稳定存在, 表明限位管在满足管间有效封水的条件下, 能在一定范围内起到定向限制地层冻胀的作用。优化后的双圆形冻结管在满足冻结设计要求的同时, 更加便于安装且经济环保。 相似文献
389.
基于金乡县南部地区土地质量地球化学调查与评价项目,系统采集表层土壤和大蒜样品,对As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn共8种重金属元素全量及形态数据进行深入分析,研究发现,土壤重金属形态除Cd、Hg外以残渣态占绝对优势;重金属生物可利用系数与SOM、pH、CEC均呈负相关;大蒜植株不同部位对元素的富集特征具有明显差异性,As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn表现为须根>叶身>假茎>蒜头;蒜头Cd与土壤Cd全量呈显著性正相关,其余元素与对应土壤中全量相关关系不明显。 相似文献
390.
2019年10月18~20日,第二届国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会(ISMEG 2019)在中国大连成功召开。本次研讨会是在国际工程地质与环境协会(IAEG)架构下由海洋工程地质委员会(C34)主办,海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室(大连理工大学)承办的全球性海洋工程地质学术研讨会。研讨会以"海洋资源开发与海洋工程地质"为主题,针对海洋土工程性质、海洋地质灾害与工程防护、海洋工程地质原位勘测、监测与试验模拟、海洋资源开发水动力环境与作用、海床沉积物和天然气水合物开采、海洋工程结构基础、海流-结构-海床相互作用等7个专题设置了10个特邀报告、21个主题报告及71个学术报告。作为国内外海洋工程地质研究者交流、分享、合作、创新的平台,国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会二度在我国召开,是对我国海洋工程地质学科快速发展的肯定,同时也对我国海洋工程地质研究取得高水平成果和成果转化提出了更高要求。 相似文献