基于随机模拟的浑河冲洪积扇地区地下水压采风险预报

在分析随机因素对水位模拟结果影响程度的基础上建立地下水流随机模拟模型,可为地下水资源风险管理和决策提供重要依据。以浑河冲洪积扇地区为研究区,基于蒙特卡罗原理建立了区域地下水流随机预报模型,对压采条件下的地下水位上升进行风险预测和评价。参数灵敏度分析结果表明,地下水水位对含水层渗透系数的变化最敏感,其次是给水度,而对河床沉积物渗透系数和降雨入渗补给系数的灵敏性较差,且渗透系数和给水度在其率定值附近增加或减少时,灵敏度系数随之增加或减小。研究表明,压缩开采地下水资源能够有效缓解地下水水位下降带来的环境问题,地下水开采量以每年5%的速度压采时,区内地下水水位平均上涨3.3 m,但水位恢复的同时也可能诱发局部地下工程渗水,且地下建筑物的设计安全水位越低,渗水风险越大。     

Modeling Study of the Global Distribution of Radiative Forcing by Dust Aerosol

To quantitatively understand the dust aerosol effects on climate change,we calculated the global distribution of direct radiative forcing due to dust aerosol under clear and cloudy skies in both winter and summer,by using an improved radiative transfer model and the global distribution of dust mass concentration given by GADS (Global Aerosol Data Set).The results show that the global means of the solar forcing due to dust aerosol at the tropopause for winter and summer are –0.48 and –0.50 W m-2 ,respectivel...     

Study on the Algorithm to Retrieve Precipitation with X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar

In order to obtain the global precipitation distribution data,this paper investigates the precipitation distribution model,the normalized radar cross-section model,and the retrieval algorithm with X-band synthetic aperture radar (X-SAR).A new retrieval algorithm based on the surface-scattering reference attenuation is developed to retrieve the rain rate above the ground surface.This new algorithm needs no statistical work load and has more extensive applications.Calculations using the new algorithm for thre...     

南极中山站电离层的极区特征

本文利用1996年的电离层数字测高仪DPS-4所测的f0F2、f0E以及美国NOAA和DMSP卫星观测估算的半球功率指数和午夜极光区赤道侧边界纬度等资料,考察中山站电离层的极区特征。结果表明,在太阳和地磁宁静环境下,冬季极夜磁正午中山站处于极隙区中心时,电离层内的电离密度达全天的最大值;上、下午各有数小时间隔位极光带内时,高能粒子的电离作用也很重要;夜间进入极差区后,电子密度则很低。夏季极昼时,太阳EUV辐射的电离效应使电离层电离密度比冬季值大许多,而且,日变化的最大值时间也提前了1~2h,强磁扰时,极隙区和极光带均向低纬侧移动;中山站上空的电子密度会大幅度下降。在中等扰动环境下情况要加复杂：磁正午前后极隙区内软粒子沉降的电离强度有所减小,而上、下午极光区的高能粒子电离则有较大增加。     

利用自生伊利石激光加热~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年技术探讨惠州凹陷新近系油气充注时间

油气成藏年代学是新兴的学科发展方向。烃类充注之后,砂岩储层中自生伊利石停止生长,故可利用自生伊利石的年龄来推断储集层中油气藏形成的最老年龄。砂岩样品中存在的有机质在质谱仪离子源中产生的覆盖40Ar峰的有机碎片离子m/e36-m/e40将导致错误的同位素分析和年龄谱结果。经预处理后的伊利石样品加热后在质谱仪离子源中确实产生了有机碎片离子m/e36-m/e44,为获得可靠的分析结果,必须完全清除有机杂质气体。在攻克了有机杂质气体纯化技术之后,笔者开展了珠江口盆地惠州凹陷内3个富油气二级构造带油气藏砂岩自生伊利石40Ar-39Ar法定年研究,采取样品清洗、循环冷冻—加热法破碎样品、经苯-甲醇混合试剂洗油、采用离心机分离粘土矿物。自生伊利石激光阶段加热40Ar-39Ar定年最初低温阶段综合年龄结果表明,惠州凹陷珠海组和珠江组自生伊利石加权平均年龄分别为(12.1±1.1)Ma和(9.9±1.2)Ma,惠州凹陷新近系油气成藏关键时间为10Ma左右。结合该区断裂发育史、油气成藏组合和流体包裹体均一化温度等资料进一步分析认为,中中新世末—晚中新世末的晚期断层活化加强了新近系油气的成藏。     

Experimental and numerical simulation study of the mineral sequestration mechanism of the Shiqianfeng saline aquifers in the Ordos Basin,Northwest China

This study focused on typical injection layers of deep saline aquifers in the Shiqianfeng Formation used in the Carbon Capture and Sequestration Demonstration Projects in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China. The study employed experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the mechanism of CO₂ mineral sequestration in these deep saline aquifers. The experimental results showed that the dissolved minerals are plagioclase, hematite, illite–smectite mixed layer clay and illite, whereas the precipitated minerals are quartz (at 55, and 70 °C) and kaolinite (at 70 °C). There are rare carbonate mineral precipitations at the experimental time scale, while the precipitation of quartz as a product of the dissolution of silicate minerals and some intermediate minerals rich in K and Mg that transform to clay minerals, reveals the possibility of carbonate precipitation at the longer time scale. These results are consistent with some results previously reported in the literature. We calibrated the kinetic parameters of mineral dissolution and precipitation by these experimental results and then simulated the CO₂ mineral sequestration under deep saline aquifer conditions. The simulation results showed that the dissolved minerals are albite, anorthite and minor hematite, whereas the precipitated minerals are calcite, kaolinite and smectite at 55 and 70 °C. The geochemical reaction of illite is more complex. At 55 °C, illite is dissolved at the relatively lag time and transformed to dawsonite; at 70 °C, illite is precipitated in the early reaction period and then transformed to kaolinite. Based on this research, sequestrated CO₂ minerals, which are mainly related to the temperature of deep saline aquifers in Shiqianfeng Fm., are calcite and dawsonite at lower temperature, and calcite at higher temperature. The simulation results also establish that calcite could precipitate over a time scale of thousands of years, and the higher the temperature the sooner such a process would occur due to increased reaction rates. These characteristics are conducive, not only to the earlier occurrence of mineral sequestration, but also increase the sequestration capacity of the same mineral components. For a sequestration period of 10,000 years, we determined that the mineral sequestration capacity is 0.786 kg/m³ at 55 °C, and 2.180 kg/m³ at 70 °C. Furthermore, the occurrence of mineral sequestration indirectly increases the solubility of CO₂ in the early reaction period, but this decreases with the increase in temperature.     

非潮汐海洋运动对地球动力学扁率变化的贡献

通过考察全球海洋环流数值模型以及TOPEX/Poseidon海洋测高数据,得到结论：1997/1998年后的部分J2异常变化可能来自海洋环流变化导致的质量重新分布,具体地说是太平洋环流变化导致的从高纬地区向低纬地区的质量迁移. 本工作表明来自于海洋内部温盐效应的变化对J2异常变化有重要贡献,进一步证实了卫星激光测距资料所得结果的可靠性.     

东海重磁地震综合探测剖面研究

依据东海南部一条自东海陆架直至菲律宾海盆的重磁地震综合探测剖面,采用地壳结构重磁地震综合反演解释系统开展岩石圈结构的综合研究,制作了岩石圈结构地学断面图. 结果表明基隆凹陷为一中新生代沉积凹陷,沉积厚度达到14km;冲绳海槽盆地为弧后扩张地堑型盆地,地壳厚度仅为14.5km;菲律宾板块沿北西西方向向欧亚板块俯冲,莫霍面急剧下插,导致冲绳海槽的形成与发展;岩石圈厚度约为80km,但在370km处仅为53km,在450km至540km处岩石圈厚度大于100km.     

中国大陆及周边地区的水平应变场

推导并建立了块体的两种弹性运动方程：块体的整体旋转与均匀应变方程和块体的整体旋转与线性应变方程. 应用统计学原理,使用西域、青藏和华北块体上的GPS站速度数据,对这两种弹性运动方程与刚体运动方程模拟块体站速度的无偏性和有效性进行了统计检验. 检验结果表明,块体的整体旋转与线性应变方程是描述块体运动的最优模型. 将中国大陆划分为10个块体,应用块体的整体旋转与线性应变方程和块体上的GPS站速度估计了各个块体上的旋转与应变参数,按照1°×1°的间距计算了中国大陆及周边地区上1005个点的应变参数,分析了中国大陆及周边地区应变场的基本特征. 用本文方法得到的主压应变方向与地质学方法和测震学方法得到的主压应力轴方向具有很好的一致性(华南块体除外).     

共反射面元叠加的应用理论--从共反射点到共反射面元

共反射面元（CRS）叠加是目前认为最好的生成零炮检距剖面的方式. 共反射面元 意指地下某一反射点邻近的一个反射弧段,该弧段在时空域内的走时响应称为CRS叠加面,该 叠加面可视为反射弧段上各共反射点（CRP）的时空域内走时响应的组合. 在一般的共反射 点走时关系基础上,引入两种特征波——Normal波和Normal Incidence Point波,就可以在 傍轴近似假设下,将CRP走时关系推广到反射点邻近的各反射点,将这些反射点的CRP走时关系 加以组合就得到了关于该反射点的共反射面元的走时关系. 考察从共反射点（CRP）到共反 射面元(CRS)的过渡,这一过程提供了CRS叠加的应用理论基础.