新疆东天山黑白山镁铁超镁铁岩地球化学、U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素特征及地质意义

黑白山镁铁超镁铁岩位于新疆中天山地块与觉罗塔格构造带的分界断裂——阿其克库都克大断裂南侧约4 km处.该岩体主要由阳起石化橄榄辉石岩、辉橄岩、辉石岩、蚀变细粒辉长岩组成,对岩体的主微量及稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明,岩体属铁质镁铁超镁铁岩,具低钾拉斑玄武质岩的分异特征;岩石具相对较低SiO2(43.90％～52.80％...     

罗布泊盐湖区深部钾盐找矿：理论、勘查、进展及前景分析

本文对近年来罗布泊深部钾盐成矿规律研究及找矿进展进行了梳理总结。将其大致归纳为"上升卤水补给"及"含水墙"等成钾理论/模式,为罗布泊后备钾资源找矿提供了新的方向和思路,预测了有利成钾靶区。建立以遥感地质解译、高精度重力剖面测量、EH4连续电导率成像以及氡气剖面测量为主的勘查技术体系,实现了盐湖区深部钾盐找矿靶区高效、经济圈定以及钻孔定位。实施深部钾盐科学钻探验证工程,揭示罗布泊深部赋存有丰富、可采的卤水钾盐资源,取得了找矿突破。罗布泊深部钾盐找矿是理论指导找矿取得突破的又一案例,其成矿理论和勘查技术体系可为其他盐湖及古代盐盆地深部卤水钾盐找矿提供借鉴和参考。鉴于罗布泊卤水钾盐的高强度开发态势以及深部找矿的良好前景,有必要进一步加强深部富钾卤水成因机理研究,重点摸清200～500 m层段资源、研发相应开采技术,为罗布泊钾盐基地可持续发展提供后备资源和技术储备。     

稻田CH_4排放的控制措施

通过对稻田CH_4排放施肥效应的研究指出:化肥的施用能够降低CH_4的排放,但是有机物的数量及质量是影响稻田CH_4排放的主要因素,因此稻田CH_4排放的控制应该主要从有机肥的科学施用入手;比起常规的有机肥,沼渣肥这种已经发酵的“陈”有机肥能够较大程度地降低CH_4排放。推出沼渣肥和化肥混施的方案,在不降低水稻产量的同时降低CH_4排放,并建议新鲜有机肥(紫云英、稻草、猪粪等)先进沼气池产生沼气并利用,沼渣在施入土壤前先充分干燥。 水管理实验发现,当土壤湿润度低到一定程度时(26％<湿度<31％),CH_4排放率突然减少,CH_4产生率也明显降低,而且主要的产CH_4区域向土壤深处移动。重新灌水后在较长的一段时间内CH_4排放率仍不能恢复。一个三日间隔灌溉法因为灌溉的时间间隔太短,没有起到降低排放的作用。同时考虑水稻产量及方案实用性,提出用适当时间表的间歇灌溉来降低CH_4排放。如果能控制好土壤湿润度的临界值,我国常用的晒田技术会起到降低CH_4排放的效果。 为更好地降低CH_4排放,并努力增加水稻产量,设想了一种水肥结合的控制措施,即把沼渣肥和化肥混施方案与最简单的间歇灌溉方案——晒田共同使用、结果使晚稻CH_4排放降低了一倍多。水稻作为传输CH_4的主要路径,某些水稻品种也可能对降低稻田CH_4排     

新疆诺尔特地区化探特征及成矿潜力分析

新疆阿尔泰诺尔特地区经历了前泥盆纪基底陆壳演化期、上叠盆地发育期、上叠盆地的关闭期和造山后期4个阶段;在地质演化过程中伴随着一系列成矿作用。区域化探资料显示,区内下石炭统中—酸性火山岩出露区以Au、Pb、Zn、Cu为特色的化探综合异常带规模大,强度高,化探异常浓集中心明显,在部分异常区内已经先后发现多处金、铜、多金属矿床、矿点和矿化点。区域构造演化富集了成矿元素,特别是下石炭统红山嘴组火山岩为金、铜、铅、锌矿源层,燕山期岩浆活动对矿源层中的成矿元素进一步富集,并在构造有利部位成矿。本文通过研究区区域成矿条件和区域化探异常特征分析,指出诺尔特地区具有较大的找矿潜力。     

Coupling a glacier melt model to the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model for hydrological modeling in north-western China

For the sustainable utilization of rivers in the mid and downstream regions, it is essential that land surface hydrological processes are quantified in high cold mountains regions, as it is in these regions where most of the larger rivers in China acquire their headstreams. Glaciers are one of the most important water resources of north-west China. However, they are seldom explicitly considered within hydrological models, and climate-change effects on glaciers, permafrost and snow cover will have increasingly important consequences for runoff. In this study, an energy-balance ice-melt model was integrated within the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrological model. The extended VIC model was applied to simulate the hydrological processes in the Aksu River basin, a large mountainous and glaciered catchment in north-west China. The runoff components and their response to climate change were analyzed based on the simulated and observed data. The model showed an acceptable performance, and achieved an efficiency coefficient R ² ≈ 0.8 for the complete simulation period. The results indicate that a large proportion of the catchment runoff is derived from ice meltwater and snowmelt water. In addition, over the last 38 years, rising temperature caused an extension in the snow/ice melting period and a reduction in the seasonality signal of runoff. Due to teh increased precipitation runoff, the Aksu catchment annual runoff had a positive trend, increasing by about 40.00 × 10⁶ m³ per year, or 25.7 %.     

多环芳烃油指纹应用于船舶溢油鉴别研究

溢油种类主要包括船舶燃料油和原油,二者性质的差异决定了鉴别方法也相应不同,寻求适合于船舶溢油的鉴别方法具有重要意义。在使用柱色谱层析方法对样品进行分离前处理的基础上,以气相色谱/质谱方法(GC-MS)为主要分析手段,对溢油样品和可疑船舶溢油源样品的多环芳烃油指纹特征进行对比,并在多环芳烃油指纹参数的基础上进一步进行多环芳烃内组成三角图分布特征与聚类分析研究,成功为珠江口水域某船舶溢油事故追踪到肇事溢油源。结果表明:取自丁船的油样和现场溢油样芳烃油指纹特征最为相近,是此次溢油事故的溢油源。受风化作用后的船舶燃料油中饱和烃类化合物数量稀少,且含量极低,不适合用于溢油鉴别,而多环芳烃类化合物较饱和烃类化合物而言具有含量高、种类丰富的特点,是该类溢油鉴别的主要油指纹依据。使用油指纹参数进行可疑溢油源识别时,充分考虑油品中有机分子所受风化影响程度的不同是风化条件下溢油鉴定的关键。因此,多环芳烃油指纹可以有效应用于船舶燃料油溢油的鉴别。     

基于Web GIS的新疆强震数据共享系统设计

在深入研究GIS系统的基础上,创造性地提出在Web GIS平台上开发新疆强震数据共享系统设计构想,给出系统设计核心思路,为新疆强震数据的统一管理、查询、运用提供建设性思路.     

镇江市斜坡地质灾害的气象条件分析及预报

在分析镇江市1991至2005年斜坡地质灾害的发生与所对应时段降水量和降水强度之间关系的基础上,建立了斜坡地质灾害气象风险度函数;研制出镇江斜坡地质灾害预报预警服务系统,在2006、2007年汛期预报服务中发挥了重要作用.     

Approaches for Monitoring and Assessment of Ecological Benefits of National Key Ecological Projects

In recent decades, due to the combined effect of human activities and climate change, the ecosystem of our country has been continuously degraded, seriously affecting the sustainable economic and social development. In order to protect and recover the ecosystem, China has invested heavily in launching a series of key ecological programs and projects including North Shelter Forest Program, Grain for Green Project and integrated ecosystem management of rock desertification. How to comprehensively and timely grasp the ecological effects and existing flaws of the implementation of key ecological projects so as to scroll the implementation of ecological projects and ensure the implementation effect of the projects, and promote the follow-up ecological engineering deployment of being scientific and space-oriented is a major imperative for the country. Therefore, the National Key Research and Development Program of China set up the project of “Monitoring and Assessment of Ecological Benefits of Key Ecological Engineering in China”. Through the implementation of this project, we will establish an indicator system for monitoring and evaluating the ecological benefits of key ecological projects, developing various technical systems for monitoring and evaluating the ecological benefits of key ecological projects, quantitatively evaluating the ecological benefits of key ecological projects, and concise the technical approaches to enhancing ecological benefits. We will provide a scientific basis for future planning and management of key ecological projects.     

冀北凤山盆地白垩系九佛堂组页岩气成藏潜力研究

基于以往钻井资料和相关测试数据,结合野外调查,初步分析探讨认为凤山盆地为一倾向北西的单斜构造,白垩系九佛堂组页岩层系总厚度大,上部频繁交替的致密泥质岩可作为良好的盖层,为形成页岩气藏提供了物质基础和保存条件,具备一定的页岩气成藏潜力。同时,周边地区中生代断陷盆地沉积环境多与凤山盆地类似,白垩系富有机质页岩沉积厚度大,且在已有油页岩钻孔有涌气显示,分析可将该页岩层系作为页岩气勘查突破的新方向。